NationStates Jolt Archive


LY6A1 Werewolf Assault Gun/Tank Destroyer

Lyras
23-02-2009, 14:13
LY6A1 Werewolf Assault Gun/Tank Destroyer, Protectorate of Lyras

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Key Data

Crew: 3 (Driver, Commander, Gunner)

Dimensions
Length (With Gun Forward): 15.76m
Length: 11.3m
Height: 3.84m
Width: 5.6m
Weight : 98.7 tonnes
Ground Clearance: Variable. Default at 60cm

Performance
Maximum (Governed) Speed: 82 kph
Cross Country Speed: 58.3 kph
Speed, 10% Slope: 26 kph
Speed, 60% slope: 11.1 kph
Acceleration: 0kph to 32 kph in 7.5 seconds
Range: 400 km (360 km at operational cruising speed)

Manoeuvrability
Vertical Obstacle Crossing: 111 cm (43 in)
Trench: 260 cm (8 ft, 8 in)
Suspension: Hydropneumatic
Fording: 3m unprepared, 5m prepared.

Armament
Main Armament: 180mm 52 calibre ETC smoothbore LY412 (24 rnds)
Coaxial Weapons: LY106 50mm compact automatic cannon (350rnds) LY60 14.7mm HMG (700 rnds)
Commander's Weapon: Powered remote rotary platform with 15mm AGH-32 HMG (700rnds) OR 14.7mm LY60 HMG (700rnds) OR 7.62mm LY64 GPMG (2,400rnds) OR 7.5mm Lagash MG (2,400rnds) OR MGJ-21 'Mary Jane' LMG (2,500rnds) OR 4 x SALY28 SAMs OR 2 x TPFMI MkII 'Helios II' BVR ATGM OR 2 x LAIX Arms LA-420 'Havik' BVR ATGM
Additional: 2 x lateral grenade launcher racks, 8 x TPFMI MkII 'Helios II BVR ATGM OR LA-420 'Havik' BVR ATGM.

Power
Propulsion: LY694 25L hybrid-electric opposing-piston multi-fuel hyperbar engine, generating 2,500 HP (1,875 kW) at 3000RPM.
Transmission: Hydropneumatic automatic transmission (5 fwd gears, 2 rvse)
Power-to-Weight Ratio: 25.36hp/t
APU: 3(under armour)
Batteries: 16 x high density Li+ polymer

Armour and Protection
Armour: Titanium-ceramic, HERA, North Point
Anti-spalling: Semi-synthetic anciniform spider silk
NBC Protection: SCFM, clean cooled air, LYMkII CBRN overpressure system.
Missile Countermeasures: GOLIATH Active Protection System.


Background/Conceptualisation
Subsequent to the decisive upgrade of the LY4-series, the Protectorate Research and Development Commission shifted its attention to implementing the paradigm-shifting technology to the award winning and highly successful LY6 Werewolf assault gun/tank destroyer.
The LY4-series has, since its development, become one of the world's most successfully exported main battle tanks, generating sales revenue of over three trillion. The widespread use of the LY4 by many nations has shown that Lyran equipment performs exceedingly well against foreign equivalents, but certain conditions and circumstances have repeatedly lowered the relative performance of armoured vehicles, broadly speaking.

Of specific interest and note was the increasing prevalence of conflict within extremely close environs, such as medium-dense vegetation, urban areas, or purpose-built fortifications. Anti-tank infantry would frequently establish enfilade positions, often elevated, and would employ short-range, visually guided (or even unguided) high-lethality anti-armour systems with great effect. No one has doubted the utility of the main battle tank, but the fact was that no tank has been designed to be able to adequately cope with such short range, fast moving and fluid conditions against an elusive, cunning and well-armed foe.

Conventional responses have included using massed artillery, often in the form of rocket strikes, or infantry moving in close proximity to armour units. This does however put infantry firmly back into the firing line, lessening the purpose of having AFVs in the area at all.

The Lyran solution to this issue was to design a new vehicle specifically for areas in which high firepower is likely to be directed towards it at close range. Where engagement ranges -and consequent lethality- are short, and protection is paramount for vehicle crews. To that end, Protectorate Research and Development designed the LY6 Werewolf assault gun.
Into these scenarios, where opposing force elements are operating within their optimum engagement ranges and lethality of munitions is directly proportional, protection is paramount for vehicle crews, both to avoid losses and to ensure success in the objective's achievement. It was for circumstances such as these that the Werewolf was designed.
The Werewolf is NOT a main battle tank. The Werewolf is an assault vehicle, designed expressly for the purpose of breaching heavily fortified positions, and engaging well-entrenched or extremely concentrated enemy forces in scenarios where manoeuverability is less important than protection and firepower. The Werewolf is the armoured vehicle that the Protectorate turns to at the point of decisive engagement, and, as such, the LY6 is the most heavily armoured combatant vehicle that Lyras has designed, and one of the heaviest and most heavily armoured platforms of its kind anywhere in the world. Every emphasis was placed on protection, and it features multiple layers of the strongest armour the Protectorate can devise.

Requests from a number of foreign powers for a platform combining the long-range hitting power and versatility of the LY366 155mm smoothbore with a more mobile and agile platform than the LY3 Warhound lead to a LY6 variant optimised for indirect fire, sacrificing the LY406 ETC main gun for a more conventional LY366. This role has diminished in relative importance a great deal with the design and deployment of the LY7/366 Lammasu, which combines the same LY366 with the lighter, more manoeuverable and longer ranged LY7 Rottweiler chassis. Protection of the LY7 is not as high as that of the LY6, but the LY7 base model is a good 38 tons lighter. Put another way, the Werewolf is nearly 60% heavier again than the Rottweiler, and, despite its high performance, does place a notable strain on logistics streams, relative to the lighter platform. This additional burden in armour was deemed to be unrequired for an indirect-optimised platform, and indirect-fire variants of the LY6 were converted back, with their LY366 guns swapped out and married up with LY7 chassis.

It was that development (the LY7), and the resultant groundbreaking -A2 upgrade of the LY4-series, that lead to a re-evaluation of the LY6. While the protection offered on the Werewolf was still the highest of any Lyran-built AFV, the relative levels of protection-efficiency had gone down significantly. The research into weight-saving measures, which had been implemented on the LY7 in order to maintain parity with heavier platforms, had generated a large number of options for armour redesign, granting greatly increased protection for the same unit weight and volume. Coupled with improvements in the functionality and performance of Cromwell II-backed crew-stations, and the dramatically higher reaction speeds made available through the dissemination of BALCOTH-spinoff technology to the man-machine interface, the decision was made to conduct a comprehensive upgrade of the LY6, to ensure the absolute maximum possible combat performance in the roles for which the platform is designed. Once this decision had been made, alterations to the primary and secondary armament also went ahead, bringing the LY6A1 into line with newer Lyran norms.

The result was a vehicle that has exceeded the expectations of its original designers by a considerable margin, and now stands as one of the most effective armoured vehicles on the contemporary battlefield.
Construction of the LY6A1, as with its baseline predecessors, is carried out primarily at Eastcudgel, with ongoing evaluations being carried out at the Lughenti Testing Area.

Main Armament
Since the adoption of the ETC 140mm LY410 on the LY4 series, and with the LY7 still fielding a dual-breech (120/140mm) ETC main gun, the ETC 155mm LY406, while still more powerful than the weapons fielded by its lighter cousins, was no longer looking as decisively and spectacularly so as it had prior to the LY4's -A2 upgrade. As such, in keeping with Lyran doctrine concerning full-spectrum overmatch, the decision was made (although not unanimously) to shift from 155mm to 180mm.
The new weapon, a conceptual successor to the LY410, was dubbed, somewhat unoriginally, the LY412, and was in many respects a larger clone of the LY410, featuring a number of systems that, while not compatible (due to the very different bore sizes and ensuing divergence in internal and external dimensions), are very obviously of a common lineage.
As a consequence of the adoption of the newer primary weapon system, the Werewolf's turret has been considerably redesigned, in no small part due to the necessity of installing an entirely new autoloader to handle the 180mm rounds. A frustrating reality of this fact is the reality that, despite this redesign, and measures which freed some additional stowage capacity, the larger rounds meant that a reduction in the ammunition load out (40 to 24) was inevitable. With the shift to the 180mm main gun, ammunition is no longer stored in one piece, but propellant and projectile are now stored seperately, with the former in the turret and the latter in the turret. This adds a considerable complexity to the autoloader, but allows the turret's profile to be lowered, and dramatically lowers likelihood of a fatal ammunition cook-off. Ninevah Ironworks, of the Dictatorial Republic of Sumer, were consulted on the new autoloader design, with their experience in the Type 998-X16C and Type 1000-X19A being of particular relevance, especially given the Lyran adoption of license-built variants of the An-1200 180x1000mm ammunition. The propellant charges are held within individual armoured containers. The entire system is completely electric, but there are manual backups if required. As would be expected, the entirety of the bustle system features blowout panels.
There is no longer the previously existing 45% commonality of turret systems with the LY4-series turret. While some systems remain common, they are primarily smaller, software or electronics related, or common across the Lyran battlespace spectrum.
The electro-thermal chemical propellant ignition system, using an adaptive plasma-based flashboard large area emitter (FLARE), was selected, forming the core of a weapon which would, at its conclusion, be quite different from that of its forebears, with the exception of the aforementioned LY410. As on the LY4A2, no effort was spared in the drive to ensure optimum lethality, with the additional point of note being that the Werewolf is a good 31% heavier again than the latest marks of the Wolfhound, and has a far lesser design emphasis on mobility. For the Werewolf, armour and firepower are very strongly predominant, with mobility very much a secondary concern, unlike the Wolfhound, where manoeuverability was, while not dominant, a major consideration.
The LY412 also follows on from the -410 in using dynamic gas assistance to increase the range and power of the weapon still further, as well as push down felt recoil, reduce component wear (and thus improve barrel life) and, both in concert with the above and also in a stand-alone sense, allow for higher rates of fire. On this vein, and with the intent to still further enhance platform lethality, the platform also employs a Successive Fire Projectile Assist system to push fire rates still higher. It is worth considering that maintaining high rates of fire can quickly wear out the barrel, so operator discretion is advised.
As with every Lyran main gun for the past twenty years, the LY412 is autofrettaged and stress-hardened to increase durability over extended periods of firing.
As a consequence of these measures, the LY6 can burst-fire five rounds in twenty seconds, with a sustained rate of fire of 10 rounds per minute thereafter. Both of those rate-of-fire figures place the Werewolf very firmly in the top tier for AFVs, and when this point is measured up against the 180mm projectile size of the LY412, the lethality of the platform becomes all the more apparent.
The recoil system has shifted from 600mm to 650mm, so as to handle the increased recoil forces from the shift from 155mm to 180mm, but the adjustment had been already factored into the design process for the autoloader, and this point does not affect the rate of fire adversely. It did require a number of modifications to the turret schematics, however, not that most end-users would have any great interest in this point.
The chromium-plated barrel is a little over 9m long and is fitted with a slotted muzzle brake which yields increased muzzle velocity whilst reducing the degree of muzzle flash. The wedge-type breech block is integrated with an exchangeable primer magazine fitted with a standard conveyer assembly for automatic (but adjustable and controllable) primer transportation, loading and unloading.
The shell loading system is driven by brushless electric servo motors supplied by Lyran Arms' Highcairn Manufacturing Zone. The automatic shell loading system has air-forced ram and Cromwell-backed automatic digital control, ammunition supply management and autonomous target-assessed fuze setting.
Redesigns of the magazine system have greatly improved combat-theatre turn-around times. In part designed to offset the somewhat smaller ammunition capacity, once the main gun magazine is depleted, the entire turret magazine can be removed, and a fresh one inserted, a process not dissimilar to changing magazines on a rifle, only on a larger scale. This does require the presence of a dedicated service vehicle, but takes less than 4 minutes. Should such a vehicle be unavailable, the system can be reloaded manually/conventionally.

Additional armament
The Werewolf mounts two lateral grenade launchers. Each launcher is electronically-fired, and consists of four barrels which can be intermixed with either smoke, fragmentation or chaff grenades. The smoke grenades are capable of shrouding the vehicle from visual or thermal detection, and the chaff grenades are utilised as a means of breaking up the vehicle's radar cross-section. Both of these measures work most effectively in conjunction with the 'Warshroud' (a feature new to the Werewolf-series) camouflage system to maximise operational performance.
As with the LY4A2 and LY224, the LY6A1 has moved away from the KWF PAK2 25mm autocannon. This is not a commentary on the capabilities of the PAK2, which remains a very reliable and highly effective autocannon, broadly speaking, but is more due to the increasing protection of medium and heavy IFVs, some of which boast armour schemes that made the use of a 25mm weapon in the anti-materiel role problematic.
On Lyran vehicles, the left co-axial station is thus given over to the still-new LY106 50mm compact medium autocannon. The LY106 fires the increasingly common (amongst Fedalan nations) 50 x 300mm caseless telescoping round, first seen in the primary weapon system of the Sumerian PIV-30 Armoured Infantry Combat Vehicle. The LY106 is a chain-operated, externally powered (by the same 4 HP motor that proved to be the most reliable element of the failed LY105 30mm cannon) weapon, which, as with the PAK2, uses a system of sprockets, grooves and clutches to not only feed, load and fire rounds, but also allows the operator to switch ammunition types, by selecting from which of the four ammunition drums to draw rounds from. Available ammunition types include APFSDS-T, HEI-T, HEDP-T, Illum and practice rounds.

Much of the weapon system is titanium, which, while expensive, is considerably lighter than its steel volume/strength equivalent, thus allowing for the weapon's mounting to be considerably lighter. Given that the total weapon is firmly secured to the MBT's turret while used in the coaxial role, the now-lighter elements of the receiver assembly do not adversely affect the weapon's recoil characteristics. A high-efficiency muzzle brake and long recoil mechanism (45mm) also lower the felt recoil signature, and provide for more efficient firing characteristics. As with all weapons on the platform, the LY106 is linked to the Cromwell FCS, and thus benefits from the attendant sensory and ballistic calculatory suite.

The barrel is 50 calibres long, putting it 2.25m from the end of the reciever, and is chrome-lined to improve durability, and allow for the provision of higher-pressure propellant charges.
Three rates of fire are able to be selected: semi-automatic, low-rate automatic and high-rate automatic, which allow single-shot, 50rpm (approx.) and 100 rpm (approx.) respectively.
The LY106 is designed to provide the utilising platform with effective, reliable and accurate firepower for the destruction of most medium-armoured threats, including helicopters, IFVs, APCs, and even many MBTs outside of the frontal arc. In this anti-armour role, the LY106 is considerably more potent than its PAK2 predecessor, despite the earlier weapon's distinguished service record.

The right coaxial station is designed to be able to fit weapons generally of up to 35mm. Conventional armament on Lyran vehicles for the right coaxial station is the LY60 14.7mm HMG. While the baseline LY6 used the 7.62mm LY64, the shift to the 14.7mm LY60 was carried out in recognition of the notably higher rates of appearance of high-grade personal body armour. As a consequence, it was determined that a higher-lethality system was required to ensure reliable first-hit threat neutralisation.

The LY60 heavy machine gun was one of the first weapons designed and produced by Lyras, appearing in both watercooled and aircooled versions. Combat experience demonstrated that the aircooled version was highly suitable for many applications, following a modest increase in the mass of the barrel, and it is in the aircooled version that the LY60 serves today. In AA roles, the LY60 is used on several Lyran AA platforms, and serves as the primary co-axial weapon of the LY2 Mastiff series, and as the secondary coaxial on the LY7. The weapon is a belt fed, short recoil operated, open bolt, fully automatic weapon. Metallic disinitegrating link belts can feed it from either the left or right of the reciever. The quick change barrel is removable with the barrel jacket as a unit. The bore is chromium plated to increase barrel life and durability. The weapon fires the the LY112 14.7 x 115mm cartridge. The LY60 has a maximum effective range of 1400m against air targets, and 2200m against ground targets. The standard firing controls consist of a push-type thumb trigger and sear release buttons located between the dual spade grips. Alternatively, an electric trigger can be installed for mounted vehicle applications. The gun is simple in design and rugged in construction, and considered one of the most reliable heavy machine guns in service anywhere in the world.

The LY60 entered mass production as an infantry support weapon, with a tripod mount designed at the Lughenti Test Range. Within three years, the heavy Lughenti Type-I mount was replaced by a lighter design, and it is the Type-II that continues to see service within Lyran infantry formations. Guns produced prior to the arrival of the Type II mount have been retrospectively upgraded.
The infantry version of the LY60, however, had a relatively short primacy within Lyras, being replaced in numerical majority by the version fielded as primary armament for several LY219 variants. It also finds use in several anti-aircraft roles, alongside the KWF PAK2 25mm cannon.
Very similar to the Soviet-designed KPV, the LY60 provides almost double the muzzle energy of a conventional 12.7mm (ie, .50 caliber) weapon. With muzzle velocities between 960 - 1030 meters per second and bullet weights near 60grams, the LY60 generates muzzle energy of about 32 kilojoules, and, again similarly to the KPV, penetrated over 30mm of steel armor at 500 meters range and approximately 20mm at 1000 meters.

Also warranting a special, independent mention, the LY6A1, unlike its predecessors, but borrowing from the LY4-series, utilises side-of-turret mounted, box-launched ATGMs, and again like the LY4 utilises the superb TPF-designed Helios II. The Werewolf, however, is a very large vehicle, and unlike the LY4A1, which carries two, or the LY4A2, which carries four, the LY6A1 packs eight, in two clusters of four.

Helios II was developed following a decision by Prussian High Command to design and implement a new high-performance anti-tank guided missile. The decision was based on the fact that the original ATGM designed for next-generation Prussian main battle tanks and armoured fighting vehicles had been a dismal failure and something of an embarrassment to the otherwise highly effective and professional TPF military. According to High Command and the Army Office of Weapons Systems, the new missile should have the capability to destroy any MBT on the market today, with the minimum of trouble, and with a fair degree of overmatch, to ensure continued lethality against future AFVs. In addition, High Command ordered that the missiles have Beyond Visual Range capability, to take advantage of the military's new high-tech information-orientated battlespace networking capabilities. In short, the intent was to field a system able to destroy hostile MBTs while they remained outside of visual and gun range. A number of corporations and teams began work, and in June of that year, Vickers Tank Factory won the contract.

The Helios was designed to be a high-speed, top attack, beyond-visual-range ATGM. Vickers incorporated a number of unique (or at least rare) design features to achieve this end. Helios utilises a tri-seeking warhead, which allows it to select one of a number of means to acquire and destroy designated targets. The primary seeker, which is most commonly used, is the missile's radar. Using millimetric radar, the Helios II is able to acquire, identify and track and engage enemy AFV's. This system can also switch to home-on-jamming, should EW render the primary detection method ineffective. The secondary seeker-head is a laser beam-rider. This was primarily designed to allow UAV's and special forces (and also regular infantry if equipped with laser designators), to target enemy AFV's and employ the anti-armour capabilities of an MBT from BVR. The third and final seeker is a fiber-optic guided seeker. This is perhaps the most jam-proof and secure way of guidance, but it is limited in range. In order to defeat and confuse active protection systems, which generally utilise radar for targeting, two independent counter-measures were integrated into the Helios II. The first was a high-power active radar-jamming device, designed mainly to jam the NS-standard millimeter wave length APS radar, thus allowing successful bypass of most APS systems. The second counter-measure is a conventional (albeit compact) chaff dispenser. This also allows for it to confuse the APS radar by presenting a number of false positive contacts.
Upon clearing the firing platform and reaching required velocity, the missile's ramjet fires, propelling the missile to mach 3.5. Helios then goes into top-attack mode, whereupon it identifies the target, adjusts and then dives at the target at engagement velocity.
Helios II's warhead is a tandem-charge HEAT system, with the first (EFP) charge designed to initiate any ERA while the second, a shallow cone shaped charge, provides the majority of the penetration/damage. The tandem charge also allows it to penetrate any roof-mounted reactive armor that may be present, a feature increasingly common on many vehicles.
Helios itself is designed to be gun-launched, propelled by the tanks main cannon, but can be box-launched when booster-assisted, as on the Werewolf, and as is also the case with all marks of the LY4. When box-launched, the firing platform is able to simultaneously engage multiple targets, a feature that Lyras considered to be well worthwhile. In one notable example, a North Stornian LY4 engaged three Fehnmari Leopard2A5s, and destroyed all three in less than the time it took the Leopards to bring their turrets to bear. With eight missiles carried by the Werewolf as standard, the effectiveness of this particular weapon system is further enhanced. In combat, infantry-detected contacts, relayed by the Cromwell system, have often been engaged by Helios missiles, prior to the Werewolves arriving on scene. In these situations, hostile armoured or mechanised formations have often taken heavy casualties before the Werewolves even come into line of sight, where their 180mm main guns come into play.

Seeker: Tri-Seeker, Radar, Laser, Fiber-Optic
Warhead: One Explosively Formed Penetrator, One Shallow Cone Shaped Charge
Propellant: Gun- or box-launched, ramjet assisted.
Range: 14km
Penetration: ~1,000 IRHA equivalent

Should an alternate BVR ATGM be desired, the LA-420 is also available upon purchase of the LY6A1. With the need for a tank launched ATGM becoming apparent to LAIX Arms; they set off to create one. It was decided to use the Joint Common Missile's body as the basis of the Havik; as it was called, due to the simple design of the missile. Where the original JCM was designed to be launched from helicopters and aircraft; the Havik would be launched from MBT's first, with later possible modification to allow it be launched from helicopters and aircraft.

Guidance for the Havik is provided by multiple means, making the missile harder to combat with ECM. The IR + 320×240 pixel dual waveband electro-optical imaging guidance method can be used either independently, or combined with the MMW for 95% accuracy. Additionally, the missile can use SALH guidance, in addition to WARRIOR II (or other BMS) data inputs given through a fiber optic guidance wire. Use of the fiber optic guidance limits the missile's range to 5 km, but can be useful when the other guidance methods are jammed, and can even be used to imprint initial targeting co-ordinates before missile launch.

The Havik also uses an INS/GPS system to compute where it is located in relation to the target. This enables the missile to know which direction to go in order to impact the target.

The Havik can be fired from MBT mounted missile box launchers, where it uses a booster rocket for launch, with the ramjet taking over once the booster is exhausted. This enables the Havik to attain sustained speeds of Mach 2, giving the enemy a vastly reduced warning time when the missile is launched. This is enhanced with chaff bomblets that can be released in order to confuse the radar or MMW systems of enemy APS systems, allowing for a greater hit probability.

The Havik can target and hit AFV's, MBT's, and Helicopters. A typical mission profile for the Havik is to be programmed with the initial target co-ordinates before launch (often done in less than a second), launch, travel to the target, a pop-up maneuver in order to relocate a mobile target, and a top-attack. The Havik can also reattack the same target in the event of a miss, provided that there is sufficient range left in the ramjet to enable it.

Krupp Industries in The Peoples Freedom has also contributed to the Havik project by selling a high-power active radar-jamming device. This is intended to jam the NS standard radar or MMW systems that are the primary detection systems for NS grade APS.

The Havik can penetrate approximately 900 mm of IRHAe with it's shaped charge after the EFP defeats any potential ERA.

The Havik is a fire and forget missile, allowing multiple simultaneous target engagement. When taken in combination, this makes the Havik one of the most deadly weapons in it's class; with approximately 4-6 box launchers with missiles able to fit on a single MBT, and 8 by default on the Werewolf.
Length: 2 m
Diameter: 0.178 m
Weight: 60 kg
Warhead: Tandem, EFP/Shaped Charge
Warhead Weight/composition: 15 kg, PBXN 103
Max Range: 18 km
Max Speed: Mach 2
Detonation Mechanism: RF Fuze
Engine: Solid Fuel, Ammonium perchlorate composite propellant (APCP) ramjet; with launch booster
Wingspan: 0.325 m
Guidance: MMW, IR + 320×240 pixel dual waveband electro-optical imaging, SALH, Fiber optic (WARRIOR II/Cromwell II data inputs), INS/GPS
Targets: AFV's, MBT's, Helicopters

Weapons options on the turret mount include a quartet of SALY28 short-to-medium range AA missiles, a further LY60 14.7mm HMG, LY64 7.62mm MMG, MGJ-21 6.5mm LMG, or a pair of Helios II or Havik BVRATGMs. Weapons of most types are compatible, though of course those produced by states other than those contributing to the Werewolf program cannot be exported by or through Lyran Arms. Such weapons are easily integrated into the platform after purchase, and include such well known systems as the Sumerian AGH-32 HMG and AGS-5 LMG, Yanitarian “Hag” HMG, Former Soviet KPV and RPK machine guns, AGL-19s and Koronet ATGMs, and such systems as the MG-3, M2 .50 cal HMG, Javelin and Stinger.

[b]Networking, Sensory and Fire Control System
The LY6A1 is a major advancement on the earlier mark in terms of its networking, sensory, fire-control and crew interfacing capabilities. The vehicle is fitted with a highly extensive sensor suite so as to enable the transmission of as much information as possible into any extant battlenet, while possessing substantial internal (multiple-redundant) computational facilities so as to handle required downloads from that selfsame network.
While designed to slot into any existing battlespace architecture, the LY6A1 by default utilises the world-benchmark Cromwell II. Cromwell II is an integrated and adaptive battlespace network that maximises combat lethality, performance, and output and enables command and control on an unprecedented scale. Information is sourced not only from multiple sources on the individual platform, but from every Cromwell II equipped friendly vehicle within the battlespace, which provides constant informational updates across a broad spectrum of sources, both known to the operators, and operating below their awareness. With the LY4A2 and LY224, the Cromwell II system began to mature as a force-multiplier, with effectiveness of the system increasingly and exponentially evident to all but the most entrenched detractors. Image and pattern recognition software constantly interfaces with sensory systems (even while the given input is not being examined by crew), and the results both relayed to friendly and superior force elements, and also displayed for action by the vehicle operators. For example, a gunner has the turret swivelled to the 2 o'clock position, trained on a suspicious-looking patch of vegetation, with the view in the HUD set to thermal imagery. While in that orientation, the vehicle's sensors at 11 o'clock register motion non-consistent with environmental movement, 2100m away, and the image is instantly cross-referenced to Cromwell's databanks. A pattern match is found – the front-right quadrant of a javelin MANPATGM. Performing a quick locstat recheck, Cromwell ensures that no corresponding friendly forces are in the given location. The identified target is then silhouetted (with any of a number of settings [such as colour-coding or numerical assignment] in place to illustrate level of threat, in both relative and absolute terms), and the image is displayed on the HUD. Cromwell, evaluating the javelin system as a distantly credible threat (relative to the lack of any other targets, and given that the javelin is beyond its maximum range... had the Werewolf been in the process of engaging a quartet of MBTs, on its own, at close range, the Cromwell would probably have marked it, but not highlighted it as a priority for engagement, given the relatively higher threat represented by the tanks), activates the audio notification system, and informs the vehicle's operators accordingly. The target identification and crew notification process has, to this point, taken less than a third of a second, barring the half second it has taken for the auditory warning to be processed by the crew's central nervous system and brain.
The Cromwell II system utilises this information to compute a firing solution for the gunner, based upon analysis of the target, as the turret swivels to follow the gunner's turning head, concluding as the target slides beneath the appropriate reticle. This firing solution is finalised at the moment the gunner depresses the firing stud, and is completed in less time than it takes the finger to depress all the way. While the gunner's view of the target may be steady, the barrel of the main gun is constantly moving, adjusting for changes in target speed, wind, ambient temperature, aspect and elevation. The platform does not adjust the gunner's targetting reticle to reflect the firing situation... it adjusts the main gun to hit whatever is being selected by that reticle, with corrections being made on a millisecond-by-millisecond basis. Utilising the enormous range of sensory inputs available to it, Cromwell II ensures a near-perfect hit percentage at standard ranges, across all conditions using any of the available weapons systems.
While this is going on, and prior to the gunner firing, BALCOTH-equipped friendly motor-recon assets detect a four-strong platoon of hostile Challenger 2 MBTs. Cromwell forwards this information to the fire-control systems and datalinks of the Werewolf, and, given the imminent contact, provides wire-frame highlights of their simulated positions... on the other side of a nearby ridgeline, while notifying the vehicle's commander via audio cue. The commander, using voice inputs, locks on four BVR missiles to the located targets, and forwards the fire-order to the gunner for action when appropriate.
At this stage, the Werewolf has still not revealed its position.
When the time is judged appropriate, the Werewolf will act, firing its LY60 14.7mm right-coaxial HMG (or LY106 50mm left-coaxial cannon) at the dismounted AT infantry, while simultaneously firing four 'Helios II' BVR ATGMs at the targets on the other side of the ridgeline. This will, perhaps, reveal the Werewolf's location. Or perhaps not. The AT infantry are unlikely to be in a position to report much. There will be no ground-surveillance radar with an accurate picture of the situation (due to 'Tiamat'), and the 14km range and non-ballistic trajectory of the 'Helios II' will not give more than a very vague idea of the existence of Helios-carrying platforms within a wide area. It is also entirely possible that the MBTs will never be aware of the fact that they were targetted.
The enemy, whoever they are, may well have just lost four MBTs and a dismounted AT detachment, to no gain, and with no idea what just happened. Only one Werewolf, in this scenario, has been utilised.
At the most basic level, the Cromwell II system aims to accelerate engagement cycles and increase operational tempo at all levels of the warfighting system. This acceleration is achieved by providing a mechanism to rapidly gather and distribute targeting information, and rapidly issue directives. Cromwell II's ultra-high speed networking permits almost completely error-free, high integrity transmission in a bare fraction of the time required for voice-based transmission, and permits transfer of a wide range of data formats, from a multitude of compatible sources.
Borrowing from fire control measures designed by the Koreans for the K2 Black Panther, and implemented in the LY7, LY4A2 and LY224, Lyran Arms and the Varessan Commonwealth's VMRDB developed a built-in trigger-delay mechanism. Most earlier platforms can be found to, despite all other fire control methods, miss their target when they fire their gun/s and hit a slight bump at the same time, a problem exacerbated, as would be expected, by movement at high speeds and/or across uneven terrain. The designers of the K2 anticipated this situation, and generated a solution for it by installing a laser emitter-receiver assembly linked to the FCS, a concept that was brought across for implementation in the main gun on the LY7, and is now commonplace on Lyran weapons.
The emitter is fitted near the top of the barrel, with the receiver being placed at the barrel's base. The weapon can only be fired when the laser receiver array is exactly aligned with the emitted laser. To illustrate, if at the point of firing, when the gunner presses the trigger, linked as it is to the fire control system, the vehicle comes upon an irregularity in the terrain at the same moment, the laser will find itself pushed off the reciever by the sudden movement, and the FCS will delay the round's ignition until the beam reorients to the receiver again. As the barrel shakes up and down, the FCS will automatically fire off the gun when the laser finds its mark, and the barrel is judged to be on target. This system, combined with both an advanced gyro-stabiliser, static pendulum cant sensor and powerful fire control system, dramatically improves the vehicle's capacity to engage targets while moving at speed, even across broken terrain.
A caveat must be mentioned here. The main gun on the Werewolf is over 9m long. As a consequence of this length, muzzle movement is often considerable. While the trigger delay system will ensure that the barrel is straight at the moment of firing, in the time that the projectile takes to exit the barrel, the muzzle may have moved fractionally. As a consequence, firing on the move is not recommended, accuracy wise, over about 15km per hour. This doesn't mean that the platform can't sprint, then slow, then accelerate again (and this is actually good combat practice in any case), but it is worth noting this salient point reference long, high-velocity and large-bore weapons.
In case of an emergency, the vehicle can be operated by only two, or even a single, member of its three crew. The FCS can autonomously locate and track visible targets, comparing them both to known hostiles (identified by datalink) or targets established by image recognition (again as available via information uplink), avoid blue-on-blue engagements and fire its main gun without needing any input from a human operator, although the absence of a human operator will adversely affect engagement tempo.

The LY6A1's crew-stations again borrow extensively from the LY7 and LY4A2, and utilise a far more advanced and adaptive control interface than that of earlier platforms. The new system integrates the data gathered by the vehicle's external sensors and projects it directly onto the HUD inside the crew's headset-visor, a feature not dissimilar to that utilised in the BALCOTH helmet. As the operator turns his head, the view pans, and the image displayed can be either a direct projection of the terrain and environs, as would be seen with the naked eye were the tank's hull not in the way, or various overlays, magnification and enhancements that can be applied or superimposed to highlight important elements (such as friendly forces), in a fashion not dissimilar to an aircraft's HUD. From this point, either physical or voice activated controls are then used as required. By way of example, the vehicle commander may look left, with the weapon mounted on the commander's weapon station following his movement (if the function is activated). With Cromwell having identified hostile dismounted infantry, the vehicle's commander simply places the targetting reticle (located by default in the centre of his HUD) upon the desired target, and presses the firing stud. Alternatively, he could centre the reticle at a target, and designate it for engagement by the gunner by either voice command or toggle. Targets can be sequenced for engagement, and the gunner may target and fire in a similar manner using the vehicle's main gun, or either of the co-axials. The gunner's station is identical to, and interchangeable with, the commander's, and either can take on additional roles if the situation requires. When used in conjunction with Cromwell II, and the new fast-traversing shielded-electric turret, the engagement speeds of the LY6A1, like the LY4A2, are 80% as fast again as that of its legacy system, and nearing double that of most other armoured platforms. Traverse speed is such that the bore of the main gun will traverse at the same speed as the operator's head (even if startled, which lead to jokes about the effects of sneezing while in control of an LY4A2, although the novelty had worn off a little by the time the LY6 upgrade was concluded), allowing real-time orientation and lag-free look-shoot capability.

Continuing on a trend in Lyran hardware that was established by the original LY6, the platform's electrics, more specifically the circuitry, are composed of Gallium Arsenide (GaAs), rendering the vehicle proof against electromagnetic interference or EMP-based attack, although the GaAs is itself a highly expensive addition. Given the ever increasing utilisation of sophisticated electronic and sensory systems, shielding these systems is, now more than ever, deemed a centre of gravity for the platform's protective systems. It was quickly reasoned that when operating in an environment which may include anti-strategic platforms such as the LY4032 “Rampart”, the chances of the platform encountering high levels of electromagnetic interference goes up dramatically, and the dangers presented by these and similar munitions far outweighs the relatively modest (though expensive in absolute terms) cost of the implementation of GaAs components.
The immense potential of this as a feature of military system was demonstrated in spectacular fashion during the Stoklomolvi Civil War, when Lyran warships not only saved the lives of countless Stoklomolvi civilians by defending them from nuclear attack on two seperate instances, but also then, in both cases, were able to exploit the massive EMP side-effect the 'Rampart' generates in nuclear defence. The result was a carrier battle group destroyed, to no Lyran loss. While not a land-based example, the lesson has been learned, and gallium arsenide is set to stay as a standard feature of Lyran electrics for the some time to come.
The LY6A1 adds standard and integral short-to-medium range fire-finder radar to its repertoire, borrowing again from innovations of the LY4A2. This is designed for use in locating and engaging concealed hostile armour, and assisting in the overall battleforce's identification of (and locating of) opposing indirect fire support, be it intimate to tactical forces, or attached at manoeuver-group level. The radar is a license-built derivative of the Lamonian LA-135 Cutlass fire-finder radar, and also features a number of systems that had been first seen on the AN/SPD – 83 Observant fire-finder radar first fielded on the Battleaxe-class cruisers of the Lyran navy. As would be expected, of course, the system, being as it is considerably smaller than that fielded by the 22,000 ton cruiser, has a limited range, and very often will not actually be able to see the point at which the rounds were fired from. However, the generally predictable nature and regular form of the parabolic ballistic arc ensures that the system's projected estimation of the originating location of hostile indirect fire, matched with, and superimposed over, Cromwell-backed geographical data, is generally accurate to within 50 metres, for ranges between 5000m and 40,000m. At ranges shorter than that, the margin of error decreases considerably. As experience has grown, increasing success has been made apparent in radar-only return fire in a semi-indirect role.

The LY6A1 is the first Lyran-built AFV to feature organic EW equipment as standard. While obviously not possessing the very long visible horizon (and thus standoff capability) of airbourne platforms, the Werewolf, being a very significant and notable target in its own right, has been fitted with a ground-based variant of the Lyro-Varessan AN/ALQ-281 'Tiamat' (Babylonian mythology – 'Dragon of Chaos') electronic warfare system.
The 'Tiamat' recievers and transmitters are situated in pods atop the LY6A1's turret rear, distinguishable by the multitude of panels and aerials. The system, when engaged, is capable of intercepting, automatically processing and jamming received radio frequency signals. The LY6A1's electronic attack capabilities involve using radiated EM energy to degrade, neutralise or destroy hostile force- or force-support elements. Of particular note is the potency this represents in the operation of ground forces in contested or hostile airspace. Given the mobile, tactical and ground-based nature of the platform, it is quite likely that most hostile radars encountered will be airbourne, ground-surveillance radars. The LY6A1 is therefore perfectly equipped to wage electronic warfare, preventing a useful target lock on friendlies within the hostile aircraft's visible horizon.
'Tiamat' is one of the first EW platforms to use high-end solid-state emitters, coupled with dramatically elevated potential power throughput, and dynamic and pattern-probability frequency agile (PPFA) barrage and spot jamming to render all but the most potent radars impotent. Further, if the seeking radar is calculated to be capable of burning through the jamming, the system uses precisely timed and Cromwell-backed broad-spectrum DRFM (Repeater) jamming, to further maximise detection degradation.
This capability is second to none, and places the Werewolf at the very top of known NS-AFVs in the active electronic warfare role. The receivers can also be used to detect, identify and locate non-friendly signals, providing ELINT/SIGINT either automatically or manually. When emissions control (EMCON) is required, however, the 'Tiamat' transmitters can be turned off, which thus, as one would expect, cancels the EM broadcasting. Unlike the earlier AN/ALQ-99 series, the 'Tiamat' utilises power generated by the platform to function. Given the very high power output of the LY6A1's hybrid electric hyperbar engines, and the extensive Li+ polymer battery banks, this has not adversely affected performance in any appreciable manner.
Lyras
23-02-2009, 14:13
Armour and Protection
The protection levels of the original LY6 were among the highest of any AFV, anywhere in the world, at the time of initial release. Even today, the LY6 is, in absolute terms, better protected than the vast majority of its contemporaries, and while the LY7, LY224 and LY4A2 may offer more advanced and effective armour schemes per unit weight, the LY6 still offered better overall protection levels by virtue of the sheer quantity of armour employed.
With the LY6A1, however, the same highly advanced armour scheme employed on the above-mentioned AFVs (which featured a dramatically higher protection level both per-unit-weight and per-unit-volume), was applied to the Werewolf. The results, when the same technique was applied to the LY4-series, were striking, being, as they were, 10 tons heavier than the LY7 series for which the armour was originally designed.
With the Werewolf however, the results were beyond striking. Where the Wolfhounds come out at 75 tons, the Werewolves come in at 98.7, with most of the 23.7 tons of difference being armour. The LY7 had been forced to keep weight levels at or below 60 tons, and had to maintain effective armour within that boundary. In essence, at 16 tons less, the LY7 possessed an armour scheme nearly identical to that of the LY4, and only a few scant percentage points behind the LY4A1. For the LY4A2, the LY7's armour scheme had been selected... but with an additional 10 tons added, bringing the LY4A2 back to essentially the same weight as it possessed prior to upgrade, when the additional weight of the LY410 gun, relative to the LY402, is factored in. Relative to the LY6, which was nearly 60% heavier than the LY7, the armour scheme's resulting protection levels were exponentially greater.

Changes to the LY6 armour scheme have, therefore, been comprehensive. While remaining steel in a structural sense, the new armour scheme uses titanium as the prevailing armour material, which, in general terms, offers considerably higher protection levels per unit of weight. Since the widespread adoption of the LY7's armour-scheme, which makes extensive use of titanium, costs per unit have fallen considerably, and are expected to continue to do so.

The primary external armour is thus titanium-chobham, a form of composite armour composed of multiple layers of titanium and ceramic. The titanium plates hold the ceramic in position and the ceramic maintains its resistance to shock even when fragmented, as long as it remains held together. Explosive reactive armour is fitted as standard (though can be removed) to the turret and major hull areas. Fireproof armoured bulkheads seperate the crew compartment from the engine bay (which doubles as part of the forward protection suite), which also cuts out most of the engine's acoustic or harmonic interference with crew activity.
Fuel and ammunition are located within armoured sub-compartments with integral anti-spalling layers, and those self-same antispalling systems are also used to protect the internals of the crew compartment.
Extensive use of heavy explosive reactive armour on multiple surfaces is integral and expected. The vehicle's heavy use of titanium (especially on the sides and rear, where surfaces generally have the least slope) to keep weight to a minimum while not sacrificing protection, allows for for further up-armouring, should circumstances dictate. It is expected that, as new or more effective forms of modular armour are developed, users will be easily able to integrate the packages into the chassis with a bare minimum of effort.
Available from the Lyran Protectorate, at no extra cost, is the North Point applique armour system, designed for the LY4A1 and carried to many AFVs since then. In response to burst-firing main guns being fielded by several nations, Lyran personnel enquired of Krupp Industries as to the possibility of developing a new form of armour suitable for up-armouring the LY4 series. After an extensive design and implementation process, the Bismarck armour, for which Krupp Industries had purchased rights to, was selected as the basis. Given that, from the outset, the new armour would be appliqué in nature (allowing for extensive retrofitting), emphasis was placed on creating effective armour that would not drastically increase the weight of the LY4 which was already heavy at just over seventy tons. The new armour system for the LY4A1 came to be known as 'North Point', and has remained in service as such, since that point.

North Point is a triple-layered active/passive system, which finds its predominant use on the turret and glacis. The first layer is a thick plate of approximately 80mm in actual thickness which correlated to an additional 350mm of RHAe equivalence. This plate consists of ceramic backed up significantly by heavy metals. First layer North Point relies primarily on tungsten disulfide (WS2) sandwiched between layers of Improved Rolled Homogenous Armour (IRHA). This plate is slanted at 45 degrees to further assist the defeat of kinetic penetrators and chemical energy (ie HEAT) threats.

The second layers is a backing to the first, and serves to utilise heavy metals to help defeat kinetic penetrators and explosively formed plasma jets. Due to weight limitations, this layering is only 20mm in actual thickness and consists of a IRHA plate embedded with depleted uranium pellets.

The third layer consists mainly of a specially designed Heavy Explosive Reactive Armor set [HERA] which is meant to provide high levels of protection for the tank with (proportionally) little gain in weight. The HERA, named “Rainmaker” uses a system of operation whereupon the offending projectile in engaged by the “rays” [Small EFPs] of the HERA and thus deflecting the projectile or (in some cases) actually destroying LRPs, thus drastically reducing penetrating ability of the offensive system.
North Point is composed of “bricks” making each “brick” easily replaceable once used and allowing the system to be fitted to AFVs already in service. The “bricks” are lightweight (at around 3kg) and this allows them to be positioned on as many areas of the tank as needs require.
The bricks are smaller than the armour plates on which they sit, and as such it is extremely unlikely that, in the advent of engagement by a vehicle employing a burst-fire main gun, the burst will strike the same brick. As a consequence, the chances of penetration being scored by a burst firing weapon against a North Point equipped vehicle is substantially lowered relative to its unaugmented counterpart.

Finally, the platform's turret roof, as part of the North Point upgrade, can be mounted with non-explosive reactive armor [NERA] bricks. These thick bricks grant the vehicle multiple hit capability against threats such as explosively formed penetrators, and thus is the most effective lightweight solution that can be provided to an area not conducive to HERA employment.
Tungsten disulfide (WS2) is the key material in the first layer of HERA, and is the same substance used not only in a number of Lyran AFVs, but also in the 'Dauntless' ballistic armour series. WS2 is an inorganic fullerene; a tubular or spherical nanocomposites. First proposed as a ballistic protection by the Israeli-based ApNano corporation, research into tungsten disulfide had proceeded independently for some time, despite considerable interest from a large number of national military and police forces. The Protectorate Research and Development Commission entering into an information-sharing agreement with the group in late 2006. A manufacturer of other high-strength armour-ceramic materials, such as boron carbide and silicon carbide, ApNano's research showed tungsten disulfide granting at least twice the protection level of equivalent mass boron carbide, between 4 and 5 times stronger than steel, and 6 times the strength of kevlar.
In contrast to organic (carbon-based) Fullerenes, WS2 is easier and much less expensive to produce, is chemically stable and is dramatically less reactive and less flammable. Organic fullerenes are also considered to be highly toxic, whereas WS2, like most other inorganic fullerenes, is not. As WS2 forms, it does so in layers, much like graphite, which is - along with diamond - one of two common forms carbon takes in nature. In WS2, molecules are bonded in trigonal prismatic layers, similar to molybdenum disulfide (MoS2). These form flat layers that are stacked on top of one another like sheets of paper.

In an interview recorded in late 2005, Dr. Menachem Genut, ApNano CEO, explained that the company was moving into semi-industrial manufacturing within the next six months producing between 100-200 kilograms of the material per day, gradually moving to full-scale industrial production by 2007, which lead to the production of several tons each day. Although it was difficult to determine the exact price of the "nano-armor" when in full industrial production, given the cost of the original materials and the relatively low production costs, Dr. Genut stated (in 2005) that a kilogram of the new material will cost considerably less than a similar amount of the carbon-based Fullerenes. As at the time of interview, the company was optimistic that with some external financial backing it will be possible to have the first product ready in less then three years.
The Lyran Protectorate was more than happy to provide such backing, which it did to the tune of NS$18 billion. That investment has reaped the requisite rewards, with multiple manufacturing complexes now devoted to production of the materials required for the production of “Dauntless” body armour, in addition to the North Point applique armour package. The investment was recovered nicely, with sales of 'Dauntless', reaching over 195 million units before export was restricted (due to the system's effectiveness) to states allied to Lyras only.

In mid-2005, research into WS2 was conducted at the University of Nottingham, England. A sample of the material was subjected to severe shocks, from a steel projectile moving at speeds of up to 1.5 km/second. The tungsten disulfide withstood the impacts of up to 250 tons per square centimeter. This is approximately equivalent to dropping four diesel locomotives onto an area the size of ones fingernail. During the test the material proved to be so strong that after the impact the samples remained essentially unchanged, when compared to the original material. Additionally, a recent study by Prof. J. M. Martin from Ecole Centrale de Lyon in France tested the new material under isostatic pressure and found it to be stable up to at least 350 tons/cm2.

While it is acknowledged that WS2 is three times the weight of boron carbide, and grants only twice the protection, it has been judged that in a large number of cases the additional total weight will not be of great concern to the tank, with the additional two tons of weight being well worth the extra protection against KE and HEAT threats. Or, put another way, while the protection per unit weight may be only two thirds that of boron carbide, the protection per unit of volume, judged by the Protectorate Research and Development Commission, in this instance, to be a more pressing concern, is 50% greater.

Anti-spalling protection builds on Lyran experience with semi-synthetic anciniform spider silk. Despite its unusual origins, once threads are manufactured, the silk is woven in the same manner as fibrous material anywhere. The fibres mesh well, and fibrous internal friction is low while elasticity and tensile strength both remain very high, allowing for exceptionally good resistance, particularly so when compared to other similar substances, such as aramids. The fibres, unusually, become proportionally stronger as they get thinner, and research and implementation quickly established what spiders established millions of years ago, that weaving 100 thin fibres into a silken strand is almost 60% stronger than an equivalent width single strand, while utilising (approximately) only 80% of the material mass. Also, critically, spider silk has a biphasic modulus – when initially subjected to force it is very stiff, like Kevlar, but just before the yield point it becomes very elastic. It also undergoes hysteresis, so if released from tension it comes back into shape.
In essence, while offering only very slightly improved protection-to-weight ratios than kevlar, anciniform spider silk is dramatically thinner, allowing notably more material to be packed into the same space. As a consequence, while the protection per unit weight may be similar to kevlar, the protection per unit volume is considerably higher, and it is this consideration that lead to its adoption as anti-spalling on most Lyran vehicles, at the cost of an additional 400kg of weight in the LY4- and LY7-series, and 500kg in the LY6-series.
Automatic fire suppression systems are activated in the event of fire, and inoperable systems within the platform are cut off from the central power supply until diagnostics confirm their return to full readiness. This not only lowers the risk of further damage or injury by electrical fire, but also lowers the power drain to the vehicle.

Propulsion and mobility
The original engine of the LY6-series was the well-regarded LY691, a 60L V12 multi-fuel propane-injected twin-turbo diesel, which provided 2,500 HP (2,303 kW) at 3000 RPM. That engine was regarded as one of the most advanced AFV engines of its time, and drew upon lessons learned in the LY3, -4 and -219, synthesizing many of the salient features of each.
In an attempt to preserve space and save weight, but without being willing to sacrifice power or range, the original V-configuration engine has been swapped out, in favour of an opposing piston hyperbar. Maintenance on the engine is slightly more complex, but the total package, while unchanged in power output, is lighter, more compact, quieter and provides available power faster and more efficiently than conventional diesels.
Banks of additional high-energy density lithium ion polymer batteries fill the space created by shifting from the V-form layout to the more-unusual opposing piston format. These batteries are recharged from the main engine during normal operation, but lend current and endurance to the load during electric-only running, and bolster the combat-persistence of the APUs, as well as reducing the strain on the electrics generated by the the vehicle's diverse and potent electronics suite.
Borrowing much from the original LY691 engine of the LY6, and elements of the LY693 of the LY4A2, the LY694 engine uses an electric transmission system, where the drive shafts have been replaced by cable and the power is transferred by cable throughput, which delivers a number of advantages, including volume efficiency, very high fuel efficiency, faster delivery of low-end torque (a key feature in the -694's viability), reduced lifecycle costs, and reduced environmental impacts.
The electric drive has also greatly improved low observability characteristics in terms of thermal and acoustic signatures as well as low visual and radar signatures, although the latter two detection criteria are very much more a function of hull form than engine.
Borrowing again from the LY219 and first-flight LY6, the suspension is mounted on the underframe and not on the side frames, so the suspension is separated from the hull. A result of using a decoupled suspension in conjunction with the semi-synthetic anciniform spidersilk spall liners and quieter engine is that the internal noise level is as low as 73dB which is well below civilian vehicle noise acceptability standards, and a bare fraction higher 38 tonnes-lighter LY7. Acoustic signature is thus very low for any AFV, let alone a 98.7 ton behemoth, a factor which has lead to a considerable shock effect when the platform is utilised.
The engine is further decoupled from the final drives allowing flexibility in the placing of systems in the vehicle and also easily allows two smaller engines to be installed instead of one, should smaller engines be preferred for export purposes. Batteries are integrated into the electric drive system, which when considered in combination with the suspension, allow the vehicle to be driven near-silently, with the engines shut down, a factor very likely to increase psychological strain on forces fighting against it in close terrain or poor visibilty.
The final drives are connected by a cross-shaft which gives higher power efficiency in turning manoeuvres by transferring the power regenerated at the inner track during a turn to the outer track.
The engine is, like its predecessors, linked to the Cromwell system, which keeps track of the temperatures of each individual segment of the engine, and both monitors and records engine stresses. The system then notifies both the operators and higher command when replacement or repair is required for components, as well as when the engine or parts of it are coming due for routine maintenance. This contributes to greatly reduced attrition, and total combat readiness is markedly improved as a result, while lowering maintenance workloads. The Cromwell system is also responsible for monitoring the active cooling of the vehicle's exhaust, as a means of reducing the vehicle's thermal signature, further enhancing the vehicle's low observability characteristics.
The entire assembly is, as per existing standards, also fitted with deployable sand filters for use in high-sand environments, such as deserts or certain parts of the littoral. The new engine is, however, less susceptible to damage of this nature than its predecessors.
Rear-vision manoeuvering cameras also come as standard, a factor which in close country or urban environments, has, in other vehicles, prevented a tremendous number of accidents and eased the psychological load on personnel responsible for moving the vehicles in less-than-optimal conditions.
Tracks are shrouded as is the case for most Lyran-designed AFVs, to increase resilience to battle damage, and have seven road wheels and two drive rollers, with only the rear roller on each side partially unshrouded.

Signature Reduction
The LY7 represented a tremendous decrease in the observability characteristics of the AFV. Detection ranges for stationary LY7s were 15% that of LY4A1s, and still lower in relation to most competing non-Lyran platforms. This reflected very clearly in the survivability of the AFV, and the Protectorate sought to utilise the advancements pioneered by the LY7, and then build upon them, to deliver to subsequent platforms a reduced detection footprint and the proportional increase in effectiveness. The signature reduction techniques are employed to minimise detectability by radar, infra-red, direct line-of-sight visibility, magnetic and acoustic means.
The first method by which the detection signature is reduced is through use of the Lyran-designed and manufactured 'Warshroud' advanced multi-spectral camouflage netting system. Based heavily on the Ukrainian 'Kontrast', 'Warshroud' dramatically reduces the detection ranges against known radar, infra-red and visible-band methods. The 'Kontrast' system was developed at the Institute of Automated Systems in late 2002, and was designed to address a notable and growing problem. High-potency modern weapons are able to engage ground vehicles at any angle, from great ranges, by day or by night, irrespective of weather, and with a potency that was becoming increasingly difficult to counter. The Institute's researchers faced a real challenge and, moreover, it was decided to develop a single solution, one that would take into account all noted factors and be implemented within the weight and size limitations.

In approaching this task specialists at the Institute of Automated Systems decided to proceed from the key idea behind the design of high precision weapons. High-precision, high-lethality systems universally require integration with means of detection, which of necessity requires the design of sensor sets and target locators, and the implementation of effective scanning capabilities across several adjacent or near-adjacent visible and invisible spectra, including visible light, close and long infra-red waves, and laser scans(in the infrared, millimeter and centimeter wave bands).
The developers of Kontrast took an ordinary camouflage net as the base and, utilising the latest technological innovations, turned it into a new generation signature-reduction product to combat the sophistication of modern radar systems and other contemporary military reconnaissance means. The result was the development of a surprisingly effective solution.

Developed countries traditionally have utilised a wide variety of signature reduction technologies, many of which include various after-manufacture coatings. The technical requirements of such coating are very high - their reflection capacity must be below 20 dB in a wide range of bands. This factor forced the Ukrainian – and later Lyran – research teams to examine new physical methods for reducing or amplifying reflection of radar waves to achieve effective electromagnetic concealment. With this goal in mind, the 'Kontrast' developers tried to find materials with absorptive and reflective characteristics for attenuating and amplifying electromagnetic waves. Experiments generated a series of composite materials with superb characteristics for greatly diminishing the wave reflection contrast between the protected object and its background.

'Kontrast' simultaneously employed both absorption and targetted reflection of electromagnetic waves. The array of material used within the netting the product, each of which featured at least one of the said qualities, allowed protection from a great range of known target location means. 'Kontrast' tests have repeatedly shown its superiority across a wide range of battlefield conditions to analogues from Sweden and Britain, whether the concealed unit is moving or stationary.

'Warshroud' built on 'Kontrast' by the integration of signature reduction techniques in the IR spectrum pioneered by the LDPCU multi-spectral camouflage. The resultant product takes nearly twice as long to produce, due to the difficulty in applying a coating (which had been done away with under 'Kontrast') to the camouflage netting. Attempts are being made to shorten the 'Warshroud' manufacturing process, but it is somewhat of a moot point. Production as it stands is more than capable of keeping up with the manufacture of the vehicles utilising 'Warshroud'. The system's visible suppression includes, as with most camouflage nets, terrain-appropriate textile strips, which are soaked in a dielectric polymer that can absorb and scatter electromagnetic waves. The textile pieces are made of non-reactive, radar transparent fabric.

In 2002, tests run using 'Kontrast' on a T-84 determined that the ability of hostile weapons to lock onto a vehicle dropped nine-fold compared to an unshrouded vehicle. It was further established that T-84 MBTs fielding 'Kontrast' dropped out of visibility range of viewing devices at distances over and including 500m.

'Warshroud' builds on this, with additional substantial reduction in detectability of targets in infra-red, radio-thermal and radio wave bands. Improvements in synthetic and parasynthetic textiles have also reduced the inherent radar return in the material which binds the net together, along all detection envelopes.

'Warshroud' has repeatedly demonstrated excellent resistance to various external factors while keeping its camouflaging characteristics intact – a factor very quickly determined to be a critical capability of the system. Tests had tanks equipped with a 'Warshroud' run at their tops speeds in off-road conditions, in woods and deserts, while similarly equipped IFVs conducted amphibious landings. In all cases, the signature reduction capabilities of the equipment were unreduced to any appreciable degree. All elements of 'Warshroud' are resistant to fuels, lubricants (gasoline, diesel fuel, lube oil) and detergents. Furthermore, spinning off from research conducted into the LDPCU once again, the shroud is made of self-extinguishing materials, ensuring that flames cease to burn free of subsequent glowing, once the fire source is removed.

'Warshroud' itself consists of a number of modular components that can be put together to create a masking surface of any size and shape, with colors matching any field environment in any season.
It is currently expected that existing AFV stocks will be retrospectively fitted with 'Warshroud', as a means of contributing to the ongoing attempts to reduce detection footprints across all relevant bands.

The second primary means of signature reduction is focused on the engine and drive systems of the platform. While already alluded to above in the analysis of the platform's propulsion and mobility, relevant points will be reiterated here for ease of reference.

The Werewolf's electric drive differs from conventional AFV drive system arrangements by utilising a hybrid powerplant. This essentially means that the engine generates electric power which in turn powers the batteries which propel the vehicle. The electric drive, has, importantly, implemented a suite of features designed to mitigate its detectability, both acoustically and thermally. Moreover, the presence of dual APUs and the primary and secondary battery banks allow the tank to be driven for several hours with the main engines off, which pushes the sound generated to below that of a conventional civilian motor vehicle. The LY6A1 borrows from the LY4A2's innovations by the inclusion of banks of lithium ion polymer batteries, located where the larger engine had been housed. By virtue of this, the 'silent-running time' of the LY6A1 (despite it being more than 50% heavier again than the LY7) is 40% longer, at a fraction over eight hours. On exercise, many Werewolves operate the entirety of a day or night's patrol on batteries alone, then recharge their battery banks upon return to firm base.

As with a number of earlier marks of AFV, the decoupled suspension is seperated from the hull, and similarly seperated from the final section which turns the drive wheels, a factor which considerably lowers audibility in itself.

Acoustically, the new mark of LY6 is a scant whisper less quiet than the LY4A2, despite having a 25% more powerful engine. Always quiet, the Werewolf is now even quieter than it was, thanks to the new design of engine. The hyperbar's intrinsically lower acoustic signature was a consideration in its selection, and makes the 98.7 metric ton assault vehicle exceptionally quiet, even when running on its engines, rather than its batteries. By utilising the Cromwell system to actively monitor the engine and propulsion systems, the crew are able to remain constantly aware of the amount of noise being generated, and also the amount of heat being radiated. Furthermore, as indicated in the propulsion and mobility section, the LY6A1 utilises active cooling of its own exhaust, a further means of suppressing thermal and infra-red signature. Since the shift to the hyperbar -694, active exhaust cooling has become more important, given the proclivity of hyperbars to generate hotter exhaust. The active cooling on the LY6A1 is on-par with the LY4A2,and thus quite a bit more effective than that of either the first-flight LY6s or LY7s, and pushes the detectability threshold, in thermal terms, to an equivalent level. When this is taken in conjunction with 'Warshroud', the thermal and IR footprint of the new model Werewolf is only a fraction greater than the LY7, a platform that is 38 tons lighter, and itself possessed of arguably the lowest detection footprint of any AFV in its class.


Crew Amenities
With the LY6 chassis being the largest of any extant Lyran fighting vehicle, and possessing a forward-mounted engine, the extensive space created in the vehicle's rear by the usage of a forward mounted engine has enabled the crew amenities of the LY6 to be second-to-none.
As with just about every AFV fielded or designed by the Protectorate, the LY6A1 contains a drink point, providing hot water, cold water, and with two further compartments that can be filled with hot or cold drinks of the crew or unit's choice. As well as being morale boosting, hot water in particular can be of direct military value, with it being used to brew tea or coffee, produce other hot beverages and, most importantly, it is used for dehydrated ration packs common to many armies and armed services.

Situated immediately below the drink point is a small bar fridge, which can either carry spare rations, 'jack' rations, or approximately two cases of soft-drinks. It's worth noting that the same system that cools the fridge also serves to cool the central processing units for the vehicle's computer systems, which explains the slight oddity that is armour for a fridge.

The NBC system follows Lyran standard, and features quite adequately as a climate control system, making for working temperatures easily adjustable to every national or personal need (operating temperature range -40C to 55C). Automatically engaging overpressure systems are a new feature, designed to enable the vehicle to be opened in hostile environs without compromising the internal atmosphere. The NBC system can be removed and/or replaced with alternate systems, should the operating entity so desire.

Seat warmers/coolers are also fitted, to ensure greater comfort and optimise combat endurance and deployability of both crew and personnel being transported. The seats can also be adjusted, manually or electronically, to ensure optimum comfort and control access for any shape or size, in a way not dissimilar to that which is available on a number of civilian luxury cars.

As standard the vehicles are fitted with integral high-speed wireless (satellite) broadband internet connections, allowing the crew to surf the internet, check their emails, or correspond with family. It is worth noting, however, that personnel surfing of the net while on the move or on duty (and especially in combat) is strongly discouraged, and some vehicle commanders within so-equipped units have taken to locking the system, such that only they can allow access, an adjustment that has met with great success.
The provision of insulated external connections allows accompanying or transported personnel to simply plug in to the side of the vehicle, and then they to can go online. Vehicles with this feature, an increasing proportion of the Lyran arsenal both domestically and abroad, are invariably popular with the units that field them, or are attached to them, as they not only ensure vastly improved intimate fire support, but also mean that personnel are going to get, hot (or cold) drinks, snacks and a way to talk to home, all of which ensures dramatically higher morale and the notably higher performance that such morale generates.
One further feature, new to the Werewolf and originally designed with the -A2 upgrade to the LY4 series, is the provision of a telephone system and loudspeakers on the outside of the vehicle, which allows any of the vehicle's three crew to make themselves heard by non-networked personnel, externally. This is particularly useful when addressing attached militia forces, calling for the surrender of nearby enemy or liasing with infantry otherwise bereft of easy access to the comms-net. Note, use of the telephone headset does not have to be in conjunction with the loudspeakers, and the two can be used independently. For example, a Werewolf commander could use the loudspeakers to call over the infantry platoon commander to whom his vehicle is attached, and then converse over the phone.

Export
The LY6A1 is a restricted sale platform. While purchase is available fairly widely, DPRs are ONLY available to states that are in a formal state of alliance with the Lyran Protectorate. The potency represented by this upgrade to the LY6 has been determined to be of sufficient note that care needs be taken regarding its distribution. Executive Command retains oversight, and the Lyran Governmental Trade Department reserves the right to refuse sales.
Upon purchase of an LY6A1, the purchaser is also entitled to the following:
DPR to the MGJ-21 6.5mm LMG for use with that vehicle only
DPR to the LY64 7.62mm MMG for use with that vehicle only
DPR to the LY60 14.7mm HMG for use with that vehicle only
DPR to the LY412 180mm ETC gun, for use with that vehicle only
DPR to the SALY28 S/MR SAM, for use with that vehicle only
DPR to the Helios II BVR ATGM, for use with that vehicle only
DPR to the Havik BVR ATGM, for use with that vehicle only
DPR to 'Warshroud', for use on the LY6A1 only
DPR to stocks, spare parts, ammunition and resupply examples of the above, to maintain suitable reserves and hardware redundancy, for use with the LY6A1 only
Prices for export start at NS $19,000,000 per unit. Production licenses (for allied states only)are available through negotiations with the Lyran Governmental Trade Department, and are expected to go for around NS$90bn. Refits to existing LY6s are available at NS$3m a piece. Upgrades are of course only available if a purchasing entity is cleared to purchase the LY6A1 in the first instance.
All queries and purchases can be lodged through the Lyran Arms (http://forums.jolt.co.uk/showthread.php?t=541320) subsidiary of the Lyran Governmental Trade Department.
Lynion
23-02-2009, 14:15
OOC: That is a beautiful tank destroyer. I'll have to test it out one day.
The Fanboyists
05-03-2009, 23:31
To Lyran Arms
From Maj. General Thomas Breyer, General Quartermaster, Fanboyist Federal Armed Forces

We would like to order 7,500 of this tank destroyer, please. We believe that would make a bill of $142,500,000,000 USD.

If there are any problems with this, please contact us.