Lamoni
30-01-2009, 08:14
M-21A1 Valkyrie
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M-21A1 Image
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M-21A1 in Woodland Camo
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LY402 Main Gun for the M-21A1(E)
Height: 3 m
Length (overall): 10 m
Length (hull): 7.5 m
Width (hull+track): 4 m
Width (track): 609 mm
Weight: 76 tons
Crew: 3 (Commander, Driver, Gunner)
Engine: 1x WMC-501 Multi-fuel Flat-12 Diesel Engine; 1,300 kW
APU: 1x WMC-222 Multi-fuel Flat-4 Diesel Engine, 102 kW
Power/Weight: 23.26 hp/ton
Transmission: WMC-54 epicyclical transmission (5 fwd gears, 2 rvse)
Suspension: hydropneumatic
Ground Clearance: .40 m
Maximum onroad Range: 600 km
Max Onroad speed: 80 km/h
Max offroad speed: 60 km/h
Armor: Titanium, Composite of Titanium, tungsten and plastic filler with ceramic component; WS2/Boron Carbide gradient encased in Al-SiC MMC, Titanium, Tungsten nuggets (with Titanium filler), Titanium, tank chasis, anti-spall
Anti-spall: Lyran Anciniform Spider Silk
Countermeasures: Active Missile Counter Measure System II (AMCMS II), Self-Sealing Fuel Tank, Internal Foam Fire-Suppression System
Autoloader: 1x AGS52A Autoloader; allows for twelve 140 mm rounds per minute -or- 1x AGS52B Autoloader, allows for twelve 120 mm rounds per minute
Main Armament: 1x LY410 140 mm 50 caliber dynamic gas assisted, successive fire projectile assisted, ETC smoothbore -or- LY402 120 mm ETC smoothbore
Coaxial Armament: 1x 50 mm LY106 compact autocannon
Secondary Armament: 4x LA-420 Havik ATGMs
Tertiary Armament: 1x 12.7x99 mm EL-3182 Beowulf HMG
NBC system: 1x AeroSekur NBC Filtering system
Space per crew member: .35 m^2
Fording Depth: 2 m
Unit Price: 15 million standard dollars
DPR Price: 150 billion standard dollars
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OOC note: please calculate your own prices. Thank you.
Background
Designed as an evolution of the original M-21 Valkyrie MBT; the M-21A1 is designed to compete with such modern MBT's as the LY4A2. While the original M-21 was perfectly capable against the Nakil, LY4A1, and the MCA-7 series, the Lyran development of the LY4A2 left LAIX ARMS worried that they would lose force overmatch capabilities in tank on tank engagements.
The capabilities of the LY4A2 in particular represented a shift in tank evolution from mobile guns with "other" weapons wrapped in an armor "shell," to a fully armed and armored mobile fortress that could also share information with other friendly forces. These mobile fortresses would be capable of claiming the field of battle almost on it's own. All it needed was information, logistics, and an exceptional design. The LY4A2 provides these qualities (in differing quantities) on it's own.
The M-21A1 was designed to be able to take on the LY4A2 and other possible future threats. Not just to hold them off, but to press on and win. The M-21A1 was a massive upgrade of the original M-21, and like the LY4A2, represents a standard for other AFV's to follow.
Main Armament
With the admittance of Lamoni to the Fedala Accords, steps were taken to ensure that the M-21A1 design would be able to fit the standardized armaments of the Fedala Accord nations. Some of these steps included working very closely with Lyran Arms in order to standardize weapons and other systems on the M-21A1 with those of other Fedala nations.
Thus, the 140 mm LY410 was selected as the main gun of the M-21A1 for Lamonian and trusted purchasers. All others would receive the 120 mm LY402 main gun. LAIX ARMS purchased full production rights to both main guns, and there are no export restrictions, save on the size of the gun.
Perhaps the most immediately noticeable external changes resulting from the upgrade of the M-21 to A1 standard is the provision of a new main gun, the LY410; and the new turret shape. The -410 is not simply a rehash of existing weapon systems, but on its own represents a marked advancement in the state-of-the-art, when it comes to MBT armament.
Issues with pushing the potency of the tank's main gun have been ever more pronounced in recent years, with still-commonplace conventionally-fired rounds being less and less effective against the ever-progressing armour schemes of leading edge AFVs. LAIX ARMS looked at ways of increasing the lethality of the MBT's main gun, and later discovered that the Lyran Protectorate had devised a solution for nations allied to it. With Lamoni being among this number, they had their units that fielded the LY4A1 upgraded to the LY4A2 standard. This gave LAIX ARMS engineers a chance to look at the best that the Protectorate of Lyras had to offer.
The LY410 had the advantages that it was compatible with Fedalan ammunition, and that it possessed a higher lethality than 120 mm ETC guns. The LY410 is a 140 mm ETC gun, which uses an adaptive plasma-based flashboard large area emitter (FLARE). Like the Lyran Protectorate, Lamoni had noted that 120 mm tank rounds were proving inadequate to the task of penetrating the heavy frontal armor of first rate NS-grade tanks. This had lead to the decision to upgrade to a 140 mm main gun. Such a gun was being manufactured by LAIX ARMS; but was shelved when Lamoni joined the Fedala Accords, as weapons systems would now need to be made compatible with other Fedala weapons systems.
While the larger size of the 140 mm round means that fewer rounds overall can be carried by a tank, it was considered that if a single tank could not neutralize a threat with it's onboard main gun rounds, then that tank had bigger things to worry about; especially if said threat returns fire. First shot threat neutralization was seen as being key to any future tank on tank engagement; and the LY410 delivers both accuracy and penetration, especially when linked with the WARRIOR II Fire Control and Battle Management System.
At heart, the LY410 main gun is an 140 mm ETC smoothbore. Using Dynamic Gas Assistance, range and power are increased, while recoil is reduced. This is important because it assists with reducing wear on components, increasing barrel life, and allowing for higher rates of fire by the larger and high-powered 140 mm weapon. The gun is autofrettaged and stress hardened, which increases durability over extended firing periods.
The LY410 also uses Successive Fire Projectile Assist to temporarily increase fire rates. With the turret and autoloader designs of the M-21A1, the LY410 can burst fire six rounds in twenty seconds, with a sustained rate of fire of 12 rounds per minute afterward. This can be considered superior to many existing 105, 120, and 125 mm systems. This is the first Lamonian MBT with the burst fire capability, and assistance from Lyran Arms on this part of the M-21A1's design enabled the smooth use of this vital technology.
The transition from a 120 mm main gun to a 140 mm main gun produced a predicted increase in the weapon's recoil. While the Dynamic Gas Assist system reduces weapon recoil, the LY410's recoil was still considerably higher than that of a 120 mm weapon. Lyran innovations were again used, with a larger muzzle break and 600 mm recoil mechanism being fitted.
The LY4A2's use of a removable magazine of 140 mm ammunition was extensively researched, and permission was granted from Lyran Arms to use this system on the M-21A1. Manual round loading/unloading is also available. The magazine is housed in the turret bustle, and accounts for much of the boxy shape of the turret's rear. There is a capacity of forty 140 mm rounds, and forty five 120 mm rounds.
The LY402 main gun uses many of the same systems, but reduced to fit on a 120 mm ETC weapon. The sheer increase in lethality provided by the LY410 restricts it's use to those nations who have earned the trust of the Free Republic of Lamoni. All other purchasers of the M-21A1 MBT will receive the LY402 120 mm ETC main gun at no extra charge.
The turret of the M-21A1 was designed around the need to house both the 140 mm ammunition, and the LY410 itself. The M-21A1's turret resembles that of the Russian Black Eagle MBT. Starting from the higher box like shape of the rear of the turret, the turret generally progresses forward until it slopes downward in a semi-circle, until it is met by the bottom part of the turret, which slopes upward until it connects with the top half of the turret. With the Black Eagle being designed to possibly carry a 152 mm main gun, it was decided that this turret could easily accommodate the LY410 140 mm ETC main gun; as well as the 140 mm ammunition, and other systems. Please note that the 140 mm main gun is restricted to those nations in a position of trust with The Free Republic of Lamoni, all others will receive the 120 mm main gun for their M-21A1 MBTs.
Coaxial Armament
The primary coaxial weapon used on the M-21A1 is the Sumerian/Lyran LY106. The LY106 is a compact medium autocannon, which fires the increasingly common Fedalan 50x300 mm caseless telescoping round, which was first seen as the primary weapon of the Sumerian PIV-30 AICV. The LY106 is chain operated, and externally powered by a 4 hp motor from the failed LY105 30 mm cannon. The LY106 uses a system of sprockets, groves, and clutches to feed, load, and fire rounds from either of two ammunition drums. The choice was made to only use two (instead of four) ammunition drums in order to save both space and weight for the M-21A1. Available ammunition types for the LY106 include APFSDS-T, HEI-T, HEDP-T, Illumination, and practice rounds.
Much of the LY106 is made of Titanium, which is expensive, but is also considerably lighter than it's steel volume/strength equivalent, which allows for the weapon's mounting to be considerably lighter. With the weapon being firmly secured the the M-21A1's turret while used in the coaxial role, the lighter elements of the receiver assembly don't adversely affect the weapon's recoil characteristics. AS with all weapons on the M-21A1, the LY106 is linked to the WARRIOR II BMS, and thus benefits from the Sensory and Ballistic Calculatory suite.
The barrel of the LY106 is 50 caliber, putting it 2.25 m from the end of the receiver, and it is chrome-lined in order to improve durability, and allow for the provision of higher-pressure propellant charges. Three rates of fire can be selected; including Semi-Automatic, Low Rate Automatic, and High-Rate Automatic. These allow single shot, ~50 rpm, and ~100 rpm for the Automatic modes.
The LY106 is designed to provide the M-21A1 with effective, reliable, and accurate firepower for the destruction of most medium-armored threats, including helicopters, IFVs, APCs, and even many MBTs outside of the frontal arc. In the anti-armor role, the LY106 is considerably more potent than the Bushmaster series autocannons previously in use by LAIX ARMS designs.
Tank Launched ATGMs
The M-21A1 holds four forward facing box launchers on the sides of the turret (2 box launchers on each side of the turret). These box launchers are capable of firing the LA-420 Havik tank launched ATGM.
With the need for a tank launched ATGM becoming apparent to LAIX Arms; they set off to create one. It was decided to use the Joint Common Missile's body as the basis of the Havik; as it was called, due to the simple design of the missile. Where the original JCM was designed to be launched from helicopters and aircraft; the Havik would be launched from MBT's first, with later possible modification to allow it be launched from helicopters and aircraft.
Guidance for the Havik is provided by multiple means, making the missile harder to combat with ECM. The IR + 320×240 pixel dual waveband electro-optical imaging guidance method can be used either independently, or combined with the MMW for 95% accuracy. Additionally, the missile can use SALH guidance, in addition to WARRIOR II (or other BMS) data inputs given through a fiber optic guidance wire. Use of the fiber optic guidance limits the missile's range to 5 km, but can be useful when the other guidance methods are jammed, and can even be used to imprint initial targeting co-ordinates before missile launch.
The Havik also uses an INS/GPS system to compute where it is located in relation to the target. This enables the missile to know which direction to go in order to impact the target.
The Havik can be fired from MBT mounted missile box launchers, where it uses a booster rocket for launch, with the ramjet taking over once the booster is exhausted. This enables the Havik to attain sustained speeds of Mach 2, giving the enemy a vastly reduced warning time when the missile is launched. This is enhanced with chaff bomblets that can be released in order to confuse the radar or MMW systems of enemy APS systems, allowing for a greater hit probability.
The Havik can target and hit AFV's, MBT's, and Helicopters. A typical mission profile for the Havik is to be programmed with the initial target co-ordinates before launch (often done in less than a second), launch, travel to the target, a pop-up maneuver in order to relocate a mobile target, and a top-attack. The Havik can also reattack the same target in the event of a miss, provided that there is sufficient range left in the ramjet to enable it.
Krupp Industries in The Peoples Freedom has also contributed to the Havik project by selling a high-power active radar-jamming device. This is intended to jam the NS standard radar or MMW systems that are the primary detection systems for NS grade APS.
The Havik can penetrate approximately 900 mm of IRHAe with it's shaped charge after the EFP defeats any potential ERA.
The Havik is a fire and forget missile, allowing multiple target engagement. When taken in combination, this makes the Havik one of the most deadly weapons in it's class; with approximately 4-6 box launchers with missiles able to fit on a single MBT.
Length: 2 m
Diameter: 0.178 m
Weight: 60 kg
Warhead: Tandem, EFP/Shaped Charge
Warhead Weight/composition: 15 kg, PBXN 103
Max Range: 18 km
Max Speed: Mach 2
Detonation Mechanism: RF Fuze
Engine: Solid Fuel, Ammonium perchlorate composite propellant (APCP) ramjet; with launch booster
Wingspan: 0.325 m
Guidance: MMW, IR + 320×240 pixel dual waveband electro-optical imaging, SALH, Fiber optic (WARRIOR II data inputs), INS/GPS
Targets: AFV's, MBT's, Helicopters
Additional LA-420 Havik missiles are available for 60,000 standard dollars per missile.
Secondary Armament
LAIX ARMS had provided assistance to Erid'lor with their upgrade of the CIS-50 HMG. The resulting 12.7x99 mm HMG (EL-3182 Beowulf) was immediately chosen for placement on the M-21A1 as the standard HMG. The Beowulf is mounted on a modified SWARM Remote Weapon System (made in conjunction with the Thales Group in the United Kingdom), utilizing the CM3 LR Optronics system from France's Sagem Défense Sécurité.
The CM3 LR was obtained under license, and uses a Thermal channel, a Visible color channel, and an "full eye-safe" Laser Range Finder in order to provide the WARRIOR II FCS/BMS with the information that it needs to make every shot from the Beowulf count. The Thermal channel alone can operate at ranges of up 8.1 km against MBTs, while the Visible color channel and laser range finder have a 5 km range.
The CM3 LR can receive external power supply from 18-32 V, and consumes merely 34 Watts after cooling down. The SWARM/CM3 LR system can operate in climatic conditions from -33 C to 60 C, and incorporates a de-icing system. The SWARM/CM3 LR system can also operate in both daylight and night time darkness, can traverse a full 360 degrees (with a minimum tracking speed of 0.01 degrees per second), and provides image stabilization. The system is controlled by the gunner, but can also be used by the tank commander while the gunner uses his other systems.
The EL-3182 Beowulf is a heavy machine gun designed by the Eridite Research and Development Commission (with help from Lamoni and Crookfur) as an upgrade to the Singaporean CIS 50MG. As with any other heavy machine gun, it provides portable heavy firepower using a variety of methods and useful in different applications, from direct fire support to co-axial weaponry to an AFV commander’s gun (and, of course, any other uses an HMG may have, among them limited anti-air capability). It’s effective against infantry, buildings and other fortifications, unarmored or lightly-armored vehicles/vessels, and low-flying aircraft such as UAVs, helicopters, and attack/close air-support aircraft, and generally killing or suppressing enemies. It has excellent accuracy at all (short, medium, long) ranges, high lethality and stopping power, and great external ballistics performance.
Mounted on a tripod, the Beowulf is a gas-operated, air-cooled and belt-fed weapon, so it’s operating with dual gas pistons located within two gas tubes on either side of the barrel, which is locked with a rotary bolt with multiple radial lugs that engages the barrel extension, thus eliminating the need for headspace adjustments. Shell ejection is directly down; a pouch may be fitted to collect the hot shells. It uses a ‘constant recoil’ mechanism which significantly reduces recoil felt; recoil is further reduced by the rugged firing mechanism, aiding accuracy, reducing wear, and eliminating the need for numerous sandbags and larger tripods. A flash suppressor and barrel shroud are incorporated into the design.
The EL-3182 is constructed with rugged impact-resistant polymer alloy allowing for more reliability and less damage, distortion and droop to the weapon itself from usage together with lightweight composites to reduce weight. The bore uses a mix of the titanium alloys Grade 38 (conferring corrosion resistance with less vanadium needed together with mechanical properties close to those of the most commonly used titanium alloy Grade 5) and Grade 6 (giving strength and stability at higher temperatures).
There was a strong focus on modularity when upgrading the HMG; thus, different grips, sights, and attachments can be mounted and there is a Picatinny rail. The HMG also has a quick-detachable barrel with pre-installed sights and a carrying handle. Optimized for remote use, the sights can be configured to transmit near-instant images to the user in the vehicle and he/she can fire it using an electronic trigger without his or her having to exit the hull and thus be exposed to enemy fire.
The weapon has a manual safety with a lever that can be mounted on either side of the weapon and can easily be switched according to user preference (that is, which side it’s on). This safety has four settings- “S” (safe), “E” (single shot), “L” (low ROF- automatic fire) and “F” (high ROF- continuous fire). Thus, high and low rates of fire can also be chosen for hitting different targets (and conserving ammunition in the case of the latter), and it can fire in two general modes- single shots and automatic.
One of the more unique strengths of the EL-3182 is from the CIS 50, which itself borrows from autocannons (including the M242 Bushmaster II); the HMG features a dual-feed system with disintegrating feed belts on either side of the barrel. This allows for fast and easy switching of the multiple ammunition types used by the HMG, including the (standard) ball, SLAP, armor-piercing, incendiary, tracer, etc. rounds. The dual feeds are covered close to the barrel by a cover that can be flipped up for observation or switching of ammunition types (and which is generally kept flipped down).
Type: Heavy Machine Gun
Weight: 28kg (complete gun assembly w/o feed chute and tripod adapter)
Length: 167 cm
Barrel Length: 114.1cm
Width: 19cm
Cartridge: .50 BMG
Caliber: 12.7 x 99mm NATO
Action: Gas-operated, rotating bolt
Rate of fire: 400-600 rounds per minute
Muzzle Velocity: 884m/s
Feed System: Single-sprocket belt-fed with dual-feed chutes
Sights: Folding leaf sights
Portability: Man-Portable (2 men required), Vehicle-Portable, Vessel-Portable
Cost: $15,000 for standard version (NS standard dollars)
Active Protection System
The M-21A1 uses the LA-421 Advanced Missile Counter Measure System II (AMCMS II) APS.
While the AMCMS I system was judged to be satisfactory, it still had some drawbacks. AMCMS I could not fire against targets from above, and there was only one layer of defense before the protected vehicle's own armor. The system also had a limited supply of ammunition; which could not be reloaded until the vehicle was resupplied.
With these faults in mind, the designers at LAIX Arms were sent around the world to find ideas that could be successfully added in order to make AMCMS II into a fully mature system that could compete in the international market. The systems that had shown promise for integration into AMCMS II were Arena, Scudo, Iron Fist, and Quick Kill. The combination of the Lamonian made derivatives of these systems make for a multi-layered defense, which is needed to defend MBT’s against modern weapons; such as RPGs, ATGMs, as well as tank-fired HEAT ammunition and KE penetrators.
The first layer of defense is provided by rocket interceptors (Codenamed Adon). The casing of these interceptors is made of combustible materials; and only the blast effect of the interceptor’s warhead is used to either destroy the threat, or to knock the threat off course. The warhead is a derivative of the M151 warhead, and uses 5 kg of PBXN-103 HE. Adon is based on the 300x70 mm rocket grenades used as part of the Scudo system, and have a range of 600 m. These 300x80 mm Adon interceptors are placed in circular 6 round magazines, with one round being fired at a target.
Using data from the sensors in the MBT itself, one of the three 6 round launchers (which weighs 90 kg when carrying 6 Adon interceptors) is trained on the threat, and fires an Adon interceptor, simultaneously setting and activating a timer on the computer chip that serves as the fuse for the Adon interceptor. When the timer reaches zero, the Adon detonates, either destroying or deflecting the threat. As a safety feature, the warhead on the Adon interceptor will not arm until the Adon is 100 meters from the launcher, which takes 1/6th of a second at the Adon’s top speed of 600m/s.
The Adon launchers can traverse a full 360 degrees, with a 180 degree rotation being accomplished in 200 milliseconds. The Adon launchers can also launch their Adon interceptors in any position, from horizontal to vertical. While this is made possible via pivoting/rotating on x and y axes, (as determined by the Bellar software, and the MBT's Fire Control System) firing the Adon interceptors vertically reduces their range to 100 meters.
The Adon interceptors have an 85% first shot kill probability when the warhead is detonated within seven meters from the threat.
The Adon system uses 4 dual band (I&K band) flat-panel radar antennas with a range of 1,000 meters, as well as a web of thirty IR + 320×240 pixel dual waveband electro-optical imaging sensors adapted from those on the Python five AAM by a joint RAFAEL/LAIX Arms team. These IR/Electro-Optical sensors have a range of up to 200 meters, provided that there are no obstructions of their line of sight. The IR/Electro-Optical sensors are used as a back up to the dual band flat-panel radar antennas, and the specialized Bellar software (which is added to the MBT's fire control computer) determines the threat's range, speed, and direction; utilizing either or both sensors to do so. This data is then used by all of the layers in the AMCMS II in order to identify, and then properly counter the threat. Both the flat-panel radar antennas and the IR/Electro-Optical sensors provide 360 degree fields of view on the horizontal plane, as well as full coverage above the MBT.
The second Layer of protection is provided by special shape charges of PBXN-103 HE, which fires two hundred 3.3g Tungsten sub-projectiles out to a range of 20 m. This system is codenamed Chark, and is similar to AHEAD ammunition in principle; if not in fact. Chark is designed to combat ATGMs, HEAT rounds and RPGs; and it's effectiveness is drastically reduced against KE penetrators. The Tungsten sub-projectiles are intended to use their Kinetic Energy to penetrate the target, and either cause the target to detonate, or knock the target off course.
The third and final level of the AMCMS II APS utilizes Carbon Dioxide lasers and radar jammers that are intended to deflect threats from the protected MBT by confusing any potential enemy weapon's seeker head.
The AMCMS II system can be triggered by either the radar system, or the IR/Electro-Optical system; or even both systems at the same time. The total response time from system alert to initiating a response is .3 seconds, and the Bellar software can be made compatible with the user nation's BMS (for example: WARRIOR II, or Cromwell II), which would allow the BMS to pinpoint the location of the enemy force that launched the weapon(s) that AMCMS II is reacting to. The Carbon Dioxide lasers of the soft kill system can also be used as weapon rangefinders in conjunction with the other sensors; and can aid the IR/Electro-Optical sensors should the radar system be jammed.
The AMCMS II automatically goes from detection, to target acquisition and identification, to attack without input from human operators, ensuring faster reactions times than would normally be possible. The Bellar software is designed to regard only those weapons on an attack trajectory against it's host MBT to be hostile, unless overridden by the MBT's crew.
Networking, Sensory and Fire Control System
Designed with assistance from Lyran Arms, the WARRIOR II FCS/BMS takes the data from all of the senors on the vehicle it is being used on, and uses this data to compute a firing solution for the selected weapon. This results in extreme accuracy. WARRIOR II will also make for fewer blue on blue engagements, as the location of other friendly forces will be known to the firing platform.
Some features of WARRIOR II include:
-Peer-to-peer informational transfer.
-LOS laser datalink where possible. Satellite uplink if not. Can be relayed, of course, through other units.
-GaAs circuitry
-Sub-awareness data gathering
-Operator streamed data presentation
WARRIOR II is supported by the Joint Tactical Radio System Cluster 1 version of the AN/VRC-103 radio. Cluster 1 also includes the development of a Wideband Networking Waveform (WNW), a next-generation Internet protocol (IP)-based waveform designed to allow ad-hoc mobile networking. This was designed to both allow for a fire control and battlespace integration system; and for communications.
A separate Local Area Network variant of JTRS system (going through a second JTRS Cluster 1 enabled AN/VRC-103 radio) allows for internet access for the troops (at DSL speeds each for up to 5 users at a time) via encrypted satellite radio; with both outgoing and incoming transmissions on this system being screened by Military Intelligence experts and Communications Technicians. There are interior plug-in points for internet access for up to one (one plug-in point on the inside of the M-21A1) crew member, as well as four (two on each side of the M-21A1) exterior plug-in points. These plug in points accept a standard Ethernet cable; which can connect to a soldier's personal laptop computer; thus providing internet access to anyone with the proper software.
The increase in the internet speeds from the system used in the original M-21 was achieved by reducing the amount of coding needed to perform the same task, as well as with more mature security and transmission technologies.
Encryption strength on the communications systems (radio, BMS, and internet) are rated at 512 bits, and the radio systems are also frequency agile, for further communications security.
There is a specialized intercom system mounted in a special compartment in the rear for use by dismounted troops when they need to talk to the tank crew. A bullhorn is also used to signal nearby infantry when the tank crew wishes to converse with them.
Borrowing from fire control measures designed by the Koreans and Lyran Arms for the K2 Black Panther, and implemented in the LY7 and LY4A2, Lyran Arms and the Varessan Commonwealth's VMRDB developed a built-in trigger-delay mechanism. Other contemporary tanks, up to and including the LY4A1, but not including the K2, M-21A1, LY4A2, and LY7, can be found to, despite all other fire control methods, miss their target when they fire their gun/s and hit a slight bump at the same time, a problem exacerbated, as would be expected, by movement at high speeds and/or across uneven terrain. The designers of the K2 anticipated this situation, and generated a solution for it by installing a laser emitter-receiver assembly linked to the FCS, a concept that was brought across for implementation in the main gun on the LY7, and is now integrated into the LY410 main gun and LY106 secondary of M-21A1.
The emitter is fitted near the top of the barrel, with the receiver being placed at the barrel's base. The weapon can only be fired when the laser receiver array is exactly aligned with the emitted laser. To illustrate, if at the point of firing, when the gunner presses the trigger, linked as it is to the fire control system, the vehicle comes upon an irregularity in the terrain at the same moment, the laser will find itself pushed off the receiver by the sudden movement, and the FCS will delay the round's ignition until the beam reorients to the receiver again. As the barrel shakes up and down, the FCS will automatically fire off the gun when the laser finds its mark, and the barrel is judged to be on target. This system, combined with both an advanced gyro-stabilizer, static pendulum cant sensor and powerful fire control system, dramatically improves the tank's capacity to engage targets while moving at speed, even across broken terrain. These systems have been licensed for use in the M-21A1 by Lyran Arms, and VMRDB with no export restrictions.
The crew stations of the M-21A1 incorporate RVM10-WCT compact (264 mm diagonal) XGA LCD color video displays; which have a resolution of 1024x768 pixels (XGA autoscaling). These displays from France's Sagem Défense Sécurité are used as multi-function displays. This use was influenced from the LCD "glass cockpit" concept used in fighter aircraft. Many of the tank's electronically controlled functions can be controlled from these displays, where simply pressing an on-screen button, or one of the more traditional buttons along the sides and bottom of the screen will produce the desired result. A joint effort of LAIX ARMS and Sagem Défense Sécurité makes this use of the system possible.
All integrated circuits used in the M-21A1 utilize Gallium Arsenide; while all of the transistors used in the M-21A1 are composed of Indium Phosphide and Indium Gallium Arsenide. These transistors are capable of operations on the order of 604 GHz.
Added together with the use of Fiber Optic cabling for data transfer between the computers of the M-21A1, the use of these materials in the circuits and transistors of the M-21A1 gives the MBT major resistance to Electro-Magnetic Pulses (whether natural, or man made). While these material additions to the circuitry and transistors will make the M-21A1 more expensive, it was judged to be worth it because of the resistance to EMP effects.
The M-21A1 incorporates a new LAIX ARMS multi-function radar system. Designated the LA-16, this radar takes software and hardware features from the LA-135 Cutlass, British (DRS Technologies) MSTAR, and Chinese SLC-2 firefinder radars. By making hardware and software changes to the LA-135's fire finder radar, LAIX ARMS engineers were then able to miniaturize the LA-135 to a size that was workable on the M-21A1 MBT. This new radar was then designated the LA-16. The LA-16 radar can be used in all weather conditions and is a J band doppler radar.
The LA-16 radar weighs 30 kg, and has a maximum effective range of 42 km. The LA-16 can detect incoming artillery fire (artillery, rocket, and mortar types), low flying aircraft (fixed wing, helicopters, UAVs), as well as ground vehicles, and troops. The LA-16 can also observe the fall of shot of friendly artillery systems; thus improving their accuracy.
The LA-16 can be (and is) used as the M-21A1's radar rangefinder. In addition to the LA-16, the Carbon Dioxide lasers of the AMCMS II APS can also serve double duty as laser rangefinders. Both of the systems serve as part of the M-21A1's fire control system when used in this role.
The LA-16 has the following detection ranges:
Maximum Range: 42 km
Walking soldier: 14 km
Small vehicle, UAV, fixed wing aircraft, helicopter: 24 km
MBT: 42 km
Artillery/MBT's main gun: 30 km (but the WARRIOR II BMS can use the round's trajectory on a map to come up with a position of initial fire accurate to 10 m at ranges of up to 50 km)
Armor
The armor scheme on the M-21A1 is the most ambitious yet fielded on a Lamonian MBT.
The first armor layer is based off of the Ukrainian Nozh ERA. Called Hedgehog ERA, each explosive brick creates it's own individual shaped charge that is used to defeat penetration by enemy weapons that are missed by the APS systems for whatever reason. The ERA bricks are Confined between two layers of Titanium.
Behind the Hedgehog ERA, is the second armor layer, which is a composite of Titanium, tungsten and plastic filler with Boron Carbide Ceramic. This composite armor is backed by another layer of Titanium, behind which lies a Tungsten Disulfide/Boron Carbide gradient encased in an Aluminum-Silicon Carbide Metal Matrix Composite. These encased gradient "bricks" are a derivative of the Rising Shield armor made in Mondoth. This derivative was made with the full co-operation of Mondoth.
Encasement in the Al-SiC MMC improves the ability of the WS2/Boron Carbide ceramics to withstand hits even after the plate has been cracked as long as the reinforced matrix confines the ceramic pieces. This is in turn followed by a Titanium plate, with Titanium filler keeping nuggets of tungsten in place in order to deflect or stop KE penetrators. Another Titanium plate behind this layer also helps to hold the Tungsten nuggets in place, and behind this layer is the M-21A1's chasis.
Behind the chasis is the anti-spall liner, which is license produced Lyran semi-synthetic anciniform spider silk. Despite its unusual origins, once threads are manufactured, the silk is woven in the same manner as fibrous material anywhere. The fibres mesh well, and fibrous internal friction is low while elasticity and tensile strength both remain very high, allowing for exceptionally good resistance, particularly so when compared to other similar substances, such as aramids. The fibres, unusually, become proportionally stronger as they get thinner, and research and implementation quickly established what spiders established millions of years ago, that weaving 100 thin fibres into a silken strand is almost 60% stronger than an equivalent width single strand, while utilising (approximately) only 80% of the material mass. Also, critically, spider silk has a biphasic modulus – when initially subjected to force it is very stiff, like Kevlar, but just before the yield point it becomes very elastic. It also undergoes hysteresis, so if released from tension it comes back into shape.
In essence, while offering only very slightly improved protection-to-weight ratios than kevlar, anciniform spider silk is dramatically thinner, allowing notably more material to be packed into the same space. As a consequence, while the protection per unit weight may be similar to kevlar, the protection per unit volume is considerably higher, and it is this consideration that lead to its adoption as anti-spalling on the M-21A1 MBT, at the cost of an additional 400 kg of weight.
Propulsion
The main engine of the M-21A1 is an air-cooled diesel 1,300 kW flat-12 multi-fuel engine. A "flat" engine contains pistons that are all relatively horizontal. There are two banks of 6 pistons, one of the banks located on each side of the single crankshaft.
This configuration allows for the flat-12 to be wider, yet lower in height, compared to a standard V12 engine. This is somewhat offset by the need for a higher mounting height in the engine bay to provide clearance for the exhaust system (6 runners on either side).
Most flat-12 engines are classified as a 180 degree V engine instead of a Boxer engine, because flat-12 engines have two pistons sharing a single crank pin.
While flat-12 engines have been used in Formula One and Endurance racing in the past, the design was largely abandoned for those uses because of the properties of wing-cars. The wide and flat layout of the engines obstructed the airflow, and was considered "obsolete."
Other than the layout of flat engines, they are generally considered to function at the same levels as their V layout counterparts.
Similarly, an air-cooled diesel 102 kW multi-fuel flat-4 engine is used as the M-21A1's APU. This APU can power essential systems should the main engine fail; allowing the M-21A1 to limp out of the line of fire. When not needed in this role, the APU provides power to move the turret, as well as the 240 V outlet inside of the tank. This outlet allows the user to charge equipment ranging from gun sights, to the Lyran Arms BALCOTH helmet, to any other rechargeable device.
A bank of Lithium-Ion batteries are also used in the M-21A1, for those times when more electrical power is needed.
Energy/weight: 160 Wh/kg
Energy/size: 270 Wh/l
Power/weight: 1800 W/kg
Charge/discharge efficiency: 99.9%
Energy/consumer-price: 2.8-5 Wh/US$
Self-discharge rate: 5%-10%/month
Time durability: (24-36) months
Cycle durability: ~1200 cycles
Nominal Cell Voltage: 3.6 / 3.7 V
As a matter of course, the M-21A1 uses treads, with six road wheels and two drive rollers. The M-21A1 can also can also ford waterways at a depth of 2 meters.
Signature Reduction
There is a second air intake that is used to force outside air through a forced air radiator, where it is mixed with the exhaust in order to reduce the IR signature of the engine's exhaust. This system can be switched off in NBC conditions in order to preserve crew health, and the serviceability of the tank.
The forced air cooling of the exhaust evenly reduces the temperature of the exhaust, thus making the M-21A1's IR signature harder to detect.
Properties of SAAB ULCANS and Ukrainian Kontrast camouflage netting are used to protect the M-21A1 from detection. Both Kontrast and ULCANS are multi-spectral (Radar, IR, and Near-IR) camouflage netting, which makes detection more difficult both by those means, and visually, as well. The result is called HELLHOUND.
Generally, coatings are used on military grade camouflage netting in order to hide modern AFVs. The technical requirements (and monetary costs) of such coatings are very high - their reflection capacity must be below 20 dB in a wide range of bands.
The textile pieces used in the HELLHOUND netting are made of threads soaked in a dielectric polymer that can absorb and scatter electromagnetic waves. This drastically reduces the ability of methods utilizing EM radiation (Radar, IR, Laser) to detect the protected object.
ULCANS is modular, and comes in two shapes. These shapes are hexagon, and rhombus. These shapes can be made to an object of any size and shape. ULCANS is designed to be snag-free. To compare, Kontrast is a type of netting, which can be made to hug an AFV, instead of providing an immobile shelter; like ULCANS is designed to do.
Lamonian Modifications to ULCANS and Kontrast include making each side of the netting display different camo patterns (woodland, and desert), so that the same net can be used in multiple environments. The netting is also directly secured to the M-21A1, instead of the ground around the tank, which allows for mobile protection at range for the protected platform. The HELLHOUND netting includes features of the Ukrainian Kontrast system, combining the no snag design of ULCANS with the detection defeating properties of Kontrast.
HELLHOUND weighs 43.09 kg, and requires periodic maintenance in order to maintain the stealth properties at their highest levels.
These measures are intended to vastly reduce any possible detectable signature, making the M-21A1 a deadly predator.
Countermeasures
Self-Sealing Fuel Tank
The fuel tank of the M-21A1 is designed to seal itself when penetrated; most often by enemy weapons. The M-21A1's Self-sealing tanks have three layers of rubber, one of vulcanized rubber and two of untreated rubber that can absorb oil and expand when wet. In between these untreated rubber layers is a layer of a composite foam for improved absorption and sealing performance. When a fuel tank is punctured, the fuel will spill on to the layers, causing the swelling of the untreated layers, thus sealing the puncture.
This makes a fuel tank explosion caused by enemy weapons fire less likely, therefore providing a further safety margin for the crew.
AR-AFFF Fire-Suppression System
The role of AR-AFFF is to cool the fire and to coat the fuel, preventing its contact with oxygen, resulting in suppression of the combustion. AR-AFFF is a fire-fighting foam that will still form a protective film in the presence of alcohols, being resistant to alcohols.
The system can be activated by either pushing a button on any of the consoles, or automatically; allowing for maximum flexibility.
Suspended Seating
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AMAP-MPS is used for seating in the crew compartments of the M-21A1. AMAP-MPS was designed by IBD-Deisenroth Engineering, from whom usage rights were purchased.
AMAP-MPS (Multi-Purpose Seat concept) is a seat that can be mounted in the vehicle to support the non-injury of personnel. It is decoupled from the bottom and supports the body. The 5 point safety harness of the seat is adjustable and is equipped with a quick release.
M-21A1(E)
The M-21A1(E) variant is for export to those nations who do not occupy a significant position of trust with the Free Republic of Lamoni. The main difference from the standard M-21A1 is the replacement of the LY410 (140 mm) main gun with the LY402 (120 mm) main gun.
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M-21A1's sold:
Lynion - 300 M-21A1
Kewen - 30,000 M-21A1(E)
Anghele - 855,000 (& DPRs) M-21A1(E)
Greal - 500 M-21A1(E)
Falkasia - DPRs M-21A1(E)
The State of Monavia - DPRs M-21A1
Kraveska - 10 (loaned) M-21A1(E)
The Fanboyists - 5,500 M-21A1 + 66 M-21 conversions
Wessia - 132 M-21A1
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M-21A1 Image
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M-21A1 in Woodland Camo
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LY402 Main Gun for the M-21A1(E)
Height: 3 m
Length (overall): 10 m
Length (hull): 7.5 m
Width (hull+track): 4 m
Width (track): 609 mm
Weight: 76 tons
Crew: 3 (Commander, Driver, Gunner)
Engine: 1x WMC-501 Multi-fuel Flat-12 Diesel Engine; 1,300 kW
APU: 1x WMC-222 Multi-fuel Flat-4 Diesel Engine, 102 kW
Power/Weight: 23.26 hp/ton
Transmission: WMC-54 epicyclical transmission (5 fwd gears, 2 rvse)
Suspension: hydropneumatic
Ground Clearance: .40 m
Maximum onroad Range: 600 km
Max Onroad speed: 80 km/h
Max offroad speed: 60 km/h
Armor: Titanium, Composite of Titanium, tungsten and plastic filler with ceramic component; WS2/Boron Carbide gradient encased in Al-SiC MMC, Titanium, Tungsten nuggets (with Titanium filler), Titanium, tank chasis, anti-spall
Anti-spall: Lyran Anciniform Spider Silk
Countermeasures: Active Missile Counter Measure System II (AMCMS II), Self-Sealing Fuel Tank, Internal Foam Fire-Suppression System
Autoloader: 1x AGS52A Autoloader; allows for twelve 140 mm rounds per minute -or- 1x AGS52B Autoloader, allows for twelve 120 mm rounds per minute
Main Armament: 1x LY410 140 mm 50 caliber dynamic gas assisted, successive fire projectile assisted, ETC smoothbore -or- LY402 120 mm ETC smoothbore
Coaxial Armament: 1x 50 mm LY106 compact autocannon
Secondary Armament: 4x LA-420 Havik ATGMs
Tertiary Armament: 1x 12.7x99 mm EL-3182 Beowulf HMG
NBC system: 1x AeroSekur NBC Filtering system
Space per crew member: .35 m^2
Fording Depth: 2 m
Unit Price: 15 million standard dollars
DPR Price: 150 billion standard dollars
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OOC note: please calculate your own prices. Thank you.
Background
Designed as an evolution of the original M-21 Valkyrie MBT; the M-21A1 is designed to compete with such modern MBT's as the LY4A2. While the original M-21 was perfectly capable against the Nakil, LY4A1, and the MCA-7 series, the Lyran development of the LY4A2 left LAIX ARMS worried that they would lose force overmatch capabilities in tank on tank engagements.
The capabilities of the LY4A2 in particular represented a shift in tank evolution from mobile guns with "other" weapons wrapped in an armor "shell," to a fully armed and armored mobile fortress that could also share information with other friendly forces. These mobile fortresses would be capable of claiming the field of battle almost on it's own. All it needed was information, logistics, and an exceptional design. The LY4A2 provides these qualities (in differing quantities) on it's own.
The M-21A1 was designed to be able to take on the LY4A2 and other possible future threats. Not just to hold them off, but to press on and win. The M-21A1 was a massive upgrade of the original M-21, and like the LY4A2, represents a standard for other AFV's to follow.
Main Armament
With the admittance of Lamoni to the Fedala Accords, steps were taken to ensure that the M-21A1 design would be able to fit the standardized armaments of the Fedala Accord nations. Some of these steps included working very closely with Lyran Arms in order to standardize weapons and other systems on the M-21A1 with those of other Fedala nations.
Thus, the 140 mm LY410 was selected as the main gun of the M-21A1 for Lamonian and trusted purchasers. All others would receive the 120 mm LY402 main gun. LAIX ARMS purchased full production rights to both main guns, and there are no export restrictions, save on the size of the gun.
Perhaps the most immediately noticeable external changes resulting from the upgrade of the M-21 to A1 standard is the provision of a new main gun, the LY410; and the new turret shape. The -410 is not simply a rehash of existing weapon systems, but on its own represents a marked advancement in the state-of-the-art, when it comes to MBT armament.
Issues with pushing the potency of the tank's main gun have been ever more pronounced in recent years, with still-commonplace conventionally-fired rounds being less and less effective against the ever-progressing armour schemes of leading edge AFVs. LAIX ARMS looked at ways of increasing the lethality of the MBT's main gun, and later discovered that the Lyran Protectorate had devised a solution for nations allied to it. With Lamoni being among this number, they had their units that fielded the LY4A1 upgraded to the LY4A2 standard. This gave LAIX ARMS engineers a chance to look at the best that the Protectorate of Lyras had to offer.
The LY410 had the advantages that it was compatible with Fedalan ammunition, and that it possessed a higher lethality than 120 mm ETC guns. The LY410 is a 140 mm ETC gun, which uses an adaptive plasma-based flashboard large area emitter (FLARE). Like the Lyran Protectorate, Lamoni had noted that 120 mm tank rounds were proving inadequate to the task of penetrating the heavy frontal armor of first rate NS-grade tanks. This had lead to the decision to upgrade to a 140 mm main gun. Such a gun was being manufactured by LAIX ARMS; but was shelved when Lamoni joined the Fedala Accords, as weapons systems would now need to be made compatible with other Fedala weapons systems.
While the larger size of the 140 mm round means that fewer rounds overall can be carried by a tank, it was considered that if a single tank could not neutralize a threat with it's onboard main gun rounds, then that tank had bigger things to worry about; especially if said threat returns fire. First shot threat neutralization was seen as being key to any future tank on tank engagement; and the LY410 delivers both accuracy and penetration, especially when linked with the WARRIOR II Fire Control and Battle Management System.
At heart, the LY410 main gun is an 140 mm ETC smoothbore. Using Dynamic Gas Assistance, range and power are increased, while recoil is reduced. This is important because it assists with reducing wear on components, increasing barrel life, and allowing for higher rates of fire by the larger and high-powered 140 mm weapon. The gun is autofrettaged and stress hardened, which increases durability over extended firing periods.
The LY410 also uses Successive Fire Projectile Assist to temporarily increase fire rates. With the turret and autoloader designs of the M-21A1, the LY410 can burst fire six rounds in twenty seconds, with a sustained rate of fire of 12 rounds per minute afterward. This can be considered superior to many existing 105, 120, and 125 mm systems. This is the first Lamonian MBT with the burst fire capability, and assistance from Lyran Arms on this part of the M-21A1's design enabled the smooth use of this vital technology.
The transition from a 120 mm main gun to a 140 mm main gun produced a predicted increase in the weapon's recoil. While the Dynamic Gas Assist system reduces weapon recoil, the LY410's recoil was still considerably higher than that of a 120 mm weapon. Lyran innovations were again used, with a larger muzzle break and 600 mm recoil mechanism being fitted.
The LY4A2's use of a removable magazine of 140 mm ammunition was extensively researched, and permission was granted from Lyran Arms to use this system on the M-21A1. Manual round loading/unloading is also available. The magazine is housed in the turret bustle, and accounts for much of the boxy shape of the turret's rear. There is a capacity of forty 140 mm rounds, and forty five 120 mm rounds.
The LY402 main gun uses many of the same systems, but reduced to fit on a 120 mm ETC weapon. The sheer increase in lethality provided by the LY410 restricts it's use to those nations who have earned the trust of the Free Republic of Lamoni. All other purchasers of the M-21A1 MBT will receive the LY402 120 mm ETC main gun at no extra charge.
The turret of the M-21A1 was designed around the need to house both the 140 mm ammunition, and the LY410 itself. The M-21A1's turret resembles that of the Russian Black Eagle MBT. Starting from the higher box like shape of the rear of the turret, the turret generally progresses forward until it slopes downward in a semi-circle, until it is met by the bottom part of the turret, which slopes upward until it connects with the top half of the turret. With the Black Eagle being designed to possibly carry a 152 mm main gun, it was decided that this turret could easily accommodate the LY410 140 mm ETC main gun; as well as the 140 mm ammunition, and other systems. Please note that the 140 mm main gun is restricted to those nations in a position of trust with The Free Republic of Lamoni, all others will receive the 120 mm main gun for their M-21A1 MBTs.
Coaxial Armament
The primary coaxial weapon used on the M-21A1 is the Sumerian/Lyran LY106. The LY106 is a compact medium autocannon, which fires the increasingly common Fedalan 50x300 mm caseless telescoping round, which was first seen as the primary weapon of the Sumerian PIV-30 AICV. The LY106 is chain operated, and externally powered by a 4 hp motor from the failed LY105 30 mm cannon. The LY106 uses a system of sprockets, groves, and clutches to feed, load, and fire rounds from either of two ammunition drums. The choice was made to only use two (instead of four) ammunition drums in order to save both space and weight for the M-21A1. Available ammunition types for the LY106 include APFSDS-T, HEI-T, HEDP-T, Illumination, and practice rounds.
Much of the LY106 is made of Titanium, which is expensive, but is also considerably lighter than it's steel volume/strength equivalent, which allows for the weapon's mounting to be considerably lighter. With the weapon being firmly secured the the M-21A1's turret while used in the coaxial role, the lighter elements of the receiver assembly don't adversely affect the weapon's recoil characteristics. AS with all weapons on the M-21A1, the LY106 is linked to the WARRIOR II BMS, and thus benefits from the Sensory and Ballistic Calculatory suite.
The barrel of the LY106 is 50 caliber, putting it 2.25 m from the end of the receiver, and it is chrome-lined in order to improve durability, and allow for the provision of higher-pressure propellant charges. Three rates of fire can be selected; including Semi-Automatic, Low Rate Automatic, and High-Rate Automatic. These allow single shot, ~50 rpm, and ~100 rpm for the Automatic modes.
The LY106 is designed to provide the M-21A1 with effective, reliable, and accurate firepower for the destruction of most medium-armored threats, including helicopters, IFVs, APCs, and even many MBTs outside of the frontal arc. In the anti-armor role, the LY106 is considerably more potent than the Bushmaster series autocannons previously in use by LAIX ARMS designs.
Tank Launched ATGMs
The M-21A1 holds four forward facing box launchers on the sides of the turret (2 box launchers on each side of the turret). These box launchers are capable of firing the LA-420 Havik tank launched ATGM.
With the need for a tank launched ATGM becoming apparent to LAIX Arms; they set off to create one. It was decided to use the Joint Common Missile's body as the basis of the Havik; as it was called, due to the simple design of the missile. Where the original JCM was designed to be launched from helicopters and aircraft; the Havik would be launched from MBT's first, with later possible modification to allow it be launched from helicopters and aircraft.
Guidance for the Havik is provided by multiple means, making the missile harder to combat with ECM. The IR + 320×240 pixel dual waveband electro-optical imaging guidance method can be used either independently, or combined with the MMW for 95% accuracy. Additionally, the missile can use SALH guidance, in addition to WARRIOR II (or other BMS) data inputs given through a fiber optic guidance wire. Use of the fiber optic guidance limits the missile's range to 5 km, but can be useful when the other guidance methods are jammed, and can even be used to imprint initial targeting co-ordinates before missile launch.
The Havik also uses an INS/GPS system to compute where it is located in relation to the target. This enables the missile to know which direction to go in order to impact the target.
The Havik can be fired from MBT mounted missile box launchers, where it uses a booster rocket for launch, with the ramjet taking over once the booster is exhausted. This enables the Havik to attain sustained speeds of Mach 2, giving the enemy a vastly reduced warning time when the missile is launched. This is enhanced with chaff bomblets that can be released in order to confuse the radar or MMW systems of enemy APS systems, allowing for a greater hit probability.
The Havik can target and hit AFV's, MBT's, and Helicopters. A typical mission profile for the Havik is to be programmed with the initial target co-ordinates before launch (often done in less than a second), launch, travel to the target, a pop-up maneuver in order to relocate a mobile target, and a top-attack. The Havik can also reattack the same target in the event of a miss, provided that there is sufficient range left in the ramjet to enable it.
Krupp Industries in The Peoples Freedom has also contributed to the Havik project by selling a high-power active radar-jamming device. This is intended to jam the NS standard radar or MMW systems that are the primary detection systems for NS grade APS.
The Havik can penetrate approximately 900 mm of IRHAe with it's shaped charge after the EFP defeats any potential ERA.
The Havik is a fire and forget missile, allowing multiple target engagement. When taken in combination, this makes the Havik one of the most deadly weapons in it's class; with approximately 4-6 box launchers with missiles able to fit on a single MBT.
Length: 2 m
Diameter: 0.178 m
Weight: 60 kg
Warhead: Tandem, EFP/Shaped Charge
Warhead Weight/composition: 15 kg, PBXN 103
Max Range: 18 km
Max Speed: Mach 2
Detonation Mechanism: RF Fuze
Engine: Solid Fuel, Ammonium perchlorate composite propellant (APCP) ramjet; with launch booster
Wingspan: 0.325 m
Guidance: MMW, IR + 320×240 pixel dual waveband electro-optical imaging, SALH, Fiber optic (WARRIOR II data inputs), INS/GPS
Targets: AFV's, MBT's, Helicopters
Additional LA-420 Havik missiles are available for 60,000 standard dollars per missile.
Secondary Armament
LAIX ARMS had provided assistance to Erid'lor with their upgrade of the CIS-50 HMG. The resulting 12.7x99 mm HMG (EL-3182 Beowulf) was immediately chosen for placement on the M-21A1 as the standard HMG. The Beowulf is mounted on a modified SWARM Remote Weapon System (made in conjunction with the Thales Group in the United Kingdom), utilizing the CM3 LR Optronics system from France's Sagem Défense Sécurité.
The CM3 LR was obtained under license, and uses a Thermal channel, a Visible color channel, and an "full eye-safe" Laser Range Finder in order to provide the WARRIOR II FCS/BMS with the information that it needs to make every shot from the Beowulf count. The Thermal channel alone can operate at ranges of up 8.1 km against MBTs, while the Visible color channel and laser range finder have a 5 km range.
The CM3 LR can receive external power supply from 18-32 V, and consumes merely 34 Watts after cooling down. The SWARM/CM3 LR system can operate in climatic conditions from -33 C to 60 C, and incorporates a de-icing system. The SWARM/CM3 LR system can also operate in both daylight and night time darkness, can traverse a full 360 degrees (with a minimum tracking speed of 0.01 degrees per second), and provides image stabilization. The system is controlled by the gunner, but can also be used by the tank commander while the gunner uses his other systems.
The EL-3182 Beowulf is a heavy machine gun designed by the Eridite Research and Development Commission (with help from Lamoni and Crookfur) as an upgrade to the Singaporean CIS 50MG. As with any other heavy machine gun, it provides portable heavy firepower using a variety of methods and useful in different applications, from direct fire support to co-axial weaponry to an AFV commander’s gun (and, of course, any other uses an HMG may have, among them limited anti-air capability). It’s effective against infantry, buildings and other fortifications, unarmored or lightly-armored vehicles/vessels, and low-flying aircraft such as UAVs, helicopters, and attack/close air-support aircraft, and generally killing or suppressing enemies. It has excellent accuracy at all (short, medium, long) ranges, high lethality and stopping power, and great external ballistics performance.
Mounted on a tripod, the Beowulf is a gas-operated, air-cooled and belt-fed weapon, so it’s operating with dual gas pistons located within two gas tubes on either side of the barrel, which is locked with a rotary bolt with multiple radial lugs that engages the barrel extension, thus eliminating the need for headspace adjustments. Shell ejection is directly down; a pouch may be fitted to collect the hot shells. It uses a ‘constant recoil’ mechanism which significantly reduces recoil felt; recoil is further reduced by the rugged firing mechanism, aiding accuracy, reducing wear, and eliminating the need for numerous sandbags and larger tripods. A flash suppressor and barrel shroud are incorporated into the design.
The EL-3182 is constructed with rugged impact-resistant polymer alloy allowing for more reliability and less damage, distortion and droop to the weapon itself from usage together with lightweight composites to reduce weight. The bore uses a mix of the titanium alloys Grade 38 (conferring corrosion resistance with less vanadium needed together with mechanical properties close to those of the most commonly used titanium alloy Grade 5) and Grade 6 (giving strength and stability at higher temperatures).
There was a strong focus on modularity when upgrading the HMG; thus, different grips, sights, and attachments can be mounted and there is a Picatinny rail. The HMG also has a quick-detachable barrel with pre-installed sights and a carrying handle. Optimized for remote use, the sights can be configured to transmit near-instant images to the user in the vehicle and he/she can fire it using an electronic trigger without his or her having to exit the hull and thus be exposed to enemy fire.
The weapon has a manual safety with a lever that can be mounted on either side of the weapon and can easily be switched according to user preference (that is, which side it’s on). This safety has four settings- “S” (safe), “E” (single shot), “L” (low ROF- automatic fire) and “F” (high ROF- continuous fire). Thus, high and low rates of fire can also be chosen for hitting different targets (and conserving ammunition in the case of the latter), and it can fire in two general modes- single shots and automatic.
One of the more unique strengths of the EL-3182 is from the CIS 50, which itself borrows from autocannons (including the M242 Bushmaster II); the HMG features a dual-feed system with disintegrating feed belts on either side of the barrel. This allows for fast and easy switching of the multiple ammunition types used by the HMG, including the (standard) ball, SLAP, armor-piercing, incendiary, tracer, etc. rounds. The dual feeds are covered close to the barrel by a cover that can be flipped up for observation or switching of ammunition types (and which is generally kept flipped down).
Type: Heavy Machine Gun
Weight: 28kg (complete gun assembly w/o feed chute and tripod adapter)
Length: 167 cm
Barrel Length: 114.1cm
Width: 19cm
Cartridge: .50 BMG
Caliber: 12.7 x 99mm NATO
Action: Gas-operated, rotating bolt
Rate of fire: 400-600 rounds per minute
Muzzle Velocity: 884m/s
Feed System: Single-sprocket belt-fed with dual-feed chutes
Sights: Folding leaf sights
Portability: Man-Portable (2 men required), Vehicle-Portable, Vessel-Portable
Cost: $15,000 for standard version (NS standard dollars)
Active Protection System
The M-21A1 uses the LA-421 Advanced Missile Counter Measure System II (AMCMS II) APS.
While the AMCMS I system was judged to be satisfactory, it still had some drawbacks. AMCMS I could not fire against targets from above, and there was only one layer of defense before the protected vehicle's own armor. The system also had a limited supply of ammunition; which could not be reloaded until the vehicle was resupplied.
With these faults in mind, the designers at LAIX Arms were sent around the world to find ideas that could be successfully added in order to make AMCMS II into a fully mature system that could compete in the international market. The systems that had shown promise for integration into AMCMS II were Arena, Scudo, Iron Fist, and Quick Kill. The combination of the Lamonian made derivatives of these systems make for a multi-layered defense, which is needed to defend MBT’s against modern weapons; such as RPGs, ATGMs, as well as tank-fired HEAT ammunition and KE penetrators.
The first layer of defense is provided by rocket interceptors (Codenamed Adon). The casing of these interceptors is made of combustible materials; and only the blast effect of the interceptor’s warhead is used to either destroy the threat, or to knock the threat off course. The warhead is a derivative of the M151 warhead, and uses 5 kg of PBXN-103 HE. Adon is based on the 300x70 mm rocket grenades used as part of the Scudo system, and have a range of 600 m. These 300x80 mm Adon interceptors are placed in circular 6 round magazines, with one round being fired at a target.
Using data from the sensors in the MBT itself, one of the three 6 round launchers (which weighs 90 kg when carrying 6 Adon interceptors) is trained on the threat, and fires an Adon interceptor, simultaneously setting and activating a timer on the computer chip that serves as the fuse for the Adon interceptor. When the timer reaches zero, the Adon detonates, either destroying or deflecting the threat. As a safety feature, the warhead on the Adon interceptor will not arm until the Adon is 100 meters from the launcher, which takes 1/6th of a second at the Adon’s top speed of 600m/s.
The Adon launchers can traverse a full 360 degrees, with a 180 degree rotation being accomplished in 200 milliseconds. The Adon launchers can also launch their Adon interceptors in any position, from horizontal to vertical. While this is made possible via pivoting/rotating on x and y axes, (as determined by the Bellar software, and the MBT's Fire Control System) firing the Adon interceptors vertically reduces their range to 100 meters.
The Adon interceptors have an 85% first shot kill probability when the warhead is detonated within seven meters from the threat.
The Adon system uses 4 dual band (I&K band) flat-panel radar antennas with a range of 1,000 meters, as well as a web of thirty IR + 320×240 pixel dual waveband electro-optical imaging sensors adapted from those on the Python five AAM by a joint RAFAEL/LAIX Arms team. These IR/Electro-Optical sensors have a range of up to 200 meters, provided that there are no obstructions of their line of sight. The IR/Electro-Optical sensors are used as a back up to the dual band flat-panel radar antennas, and the specialized Bellar software (which is added to the MBT's fire control computer) determines the threat's range, speed, and direction; utilizing either or both sensors to do so. This data is then used by all of the layers in the AMCMS II in order to identify, and then properly counter the threat. Both the flat-panel radar antennas and the IR/Electro-Optical sensors provide 360 degree fields of view on the horizontal plane, as well as full coverage above the MBT.
The second Layer of protection is provided by special shape charges of PBXN-103 HE, which fires two hundred 3.3g Tungsten sub-projectiles out to a range of 20 m. This system is codenamed Chark, and is similar to AHEAD ammunition in principle; if not in fact. Chark is designed to combat ATGMs, HEAT rounds and RPGs; and it's effectiveness is drastically reduced against KE penetrators. The Tungsten sub-projectiles are intended to use their Kinetic Energy to penetrate the target, and either cause the target to detonate, or knock the target off course.
The third and final level of the AMCMS II APS utilizes Carbon Dioxide lasers and radar jammers that are intended to deflect threats from the protected MBT by confusing any potential enemy weapon's seeker head.
The AMCMS II system can be triggered by either the radar system, or the IR/Electro-Optical system; or even both systems at the same time. The total response time from system alert to initiating a response is .3 seconds, and the Bellar software can be made compatible with the user nation's BMS (for example: WARRIOR II, or Cromwell II), which would allow the BMS to pinpoint the location of the enemy force that launched the weapon(s) that AMCMS II is reacting to. The Carbon Dioxide lasers of the soft kill system can also be used as weapon rangefinders in conjunction with the other sensors; and can aid the IR/Electro-Optical sensors should the radar system be jammed.
The AMCMS II automatically goes from detection, to target acquisition and identification, to attack without input from human operators, ensuring faster reactions times than would normally be possible. The Bellar software is designed to regard only those weapons on an attack trajectory against it's host MBT to be hostile, unless overridden by the MBT's crew.
Networking, Sensory and Fire Control System
Designed with assistance from Lyran Arms, the WARRIOR II FCS/BMS takes the data from all of the senors on the vehicle it is being used on, and uses this data to compute a firing solution for the selected weapon. This results in extreme accuracy. WARRIOR II will also make for fewer blue on blue engagements, as the location of other friendly forces will be known to the firing platform.
Some features of WARRIOR II include:
-Peer-to-peer informational transfer.
-LOS laser datalink where possible. Satellite uplink if not. Can be relayed, of course, through other units.
-GaAs circuitry
-Sub-awareness data gathering
-Operator streamed data presentation
WARRIOR II is supported by the Joint Tactical Radio System Cluster 1 version of the AN/VRC-103 radio. Cluster 1 also includes the development of a Wideband Networking Waveform (WNW), a next-generation Internet protocol (IP)-based waveform designed to allow ad-hoc mobile networking. This was designed to both allow for a fire control and battlespace integration system; and for communications.
A separate Local Area Network variant of JTRS system (going through a second JTRS Cluster 1 enabled AN/VRC-103 radio) allows for internet access for the troops (at DSL speeds each for up to 5 users at a time) via encrypted satellite radio; with both outgoing and incoming transmissions on this system being screened by Military Intelligence experts and Communications Technicians. There are interior plug-in points for internet access for up to one (one plug-in point on the inside of the M-21A1) crew member, as well as four (two on each side of the M-21A1) exterior plug-in points. These plug in points accept a standard Ethernet cable; which can connect to a soldier's personal laptop computer; thus providing internet access to anyone with the proper software.
The increase in the internet speeds from the system used in the original M-21 was achieved by reducing the amount of coding needed to perform the same task, as well as with more mature security and transmission technologies.
Encryption strength on the communications systems (radio, BMS, and internet) are rated at 512 bits, and the radio systems are also frequency agile, for further communications security.
There is a specialized intercom system mounted in a special compartment in the rear for use by dismounted troops when they need to talk to the tank crew. A bullhorn is also used to signal nearby infantry when the tank crew wishes to converse with them.
Borrowing from fire control measures designed by the Koreans and Lyran Arms for the K2 Black Panther, and implemented in the LY7 and LY4A2, Lyran Arms and the Varessan Commonwealth's VMRDB developed a built-in trigger-delay mechanism. Other contemporary tanks, up to and including the LY4A1, but not including the K2, M-21A1, LY4A2, and LY7, can be found to, despite all other fire control methods, miss their target when they fire their gun/s and hit a slight bump at the same time, a problem exacerbated, as would be expected, by movement at high speeds and/or across uneven terrain. The designers of the K2 anticipated this situation, and generated a solution for it by installing a laser emitter-receiver assembly linked to the FCS, a concept that was brought across for implementation in the main gun on the LY7, and is now integrated into the LY410 main gun and LY106 secondary of M-21A1.
The emitter is fitted near the top of the barrel, with the receiver being placed at the barrel's base. The weapon can only be fired when the laser receiver array is exactly aligned with the emitted laser. To illustrate, if at the point of firing, when the gunner presses the trigger, linked as it is to the fire control system, the vehicle comes upon an irregularity in the terrain at the same moment, the laser will find itself pushed off the receiver by the sudden movement, and the FCS will delay the round's ignition until the beam reorients to the receiver again. As the barrel shakes up and down, the FCS will automatically fire off the gun when the laser finds its mark, and the barrel is judged to be on target. This system, combined with both an advanced gyro-stabilizer, static pendulum cant sensor and powerful fire control system, dramatically improves the tank's capacity to engage targets while moving at speed, even across broken terrain. These systems have been licensed for use in the M-21A1 by Lyran Arms, and VMRDB with no export restrictions.
The crew stations of the M-21A1 incorporate RVM10-WCT compact (264 mm diagonal) XGA LCD color video displays; which have a resolution of 1024x768 pixels (XGA autoscaling). These displays from France's Sagem Défense Sécurité are used as multi-function displays. This use was influenced from the LCD "glass cockpit" concept used in fighter aircraft. Many of the tank's electronically controlled functions can be controlled from these displays, where simply pressing an on-screen button, or one of the more traditional buttons along the sides and bottom of the screen will produce the desired result. A joint effort of LAIX ARMS and Sagem Défense Sécurité makes this use of the system possible.
All integrated circuits used in the M-21A1 utilize Gallium Arsenide; while all of the transistors used in the M-21A1 are composed of Indium Phosphide and Indium Gallium Arsenide. These transistors are capable of operations on the order of 604 GHz.
Added together with the use of Fiber Optic cabling for data transfer between the computers of the M-21A1, the use of these materials in the circuits and transistors of the M-21A1 gives the MBT major resistance to Electro-Magnetic Pulses (whether natural, or man made). While these material additions to the circuitry and transistors will make the M-21A1 more expensive, it was judged to be worth it because of the resistance to EMP effects.
The M-21A1 incorporates a new LAIX ARMS multi-function radar system. Designated the LA-16, this radar takes software and hardware features from the LA-135 Cutlass, British (DRS Technologies) MSTAR, and Chinese SLC-2 firefinder radars. By making hardware and software changes to the LA-135's fire finder radar, LAIX ARMS engineers were then able to miniaturize the LA-135 to a size that was workable on the M-21A1 MBT. This new radar was then designated the LA-16. The LA-16 radar can be used in all weather conditions and is a J band doppler radar.
The LA-16 radar weighs 30 kg, and has a maximum effective range of 42 km. The LA-16 can detect incoming artillery fire (artillery, rocket, and mortar types), low flying aircraft (fixed wing, helicopters, UAVs), as well as ground vehicles, and troops. The LA-16 can also observe the fall of shot of friendly artillery systems; thus improving their accuracy.
The LA-16 can be (and is) used as the M-21A1's radar rangefinder. In addition to the LA-16, the Carbon Dioxide lasers of the AMCMS II APS can also serve double duty as laser rangefinders. Both of the systems serve as part of the M-21A1's fire control system when used in this role.
The LA-16 has the following detection ranges:
Maximum Range: 42 km
Walking soldier: 14 km
Small vehicle, UAV, fixed wing aircraft, helicopter: 24 km
MBT: 42 km
Artillery/MBT's main gun: 30 km (but the WARRIOR II BMS can use the round's trajectory on a map to come up with a position of initial fire accurate to 10 m at ranges of up to 50 km)
Armor
The armor scheme on the M-21A1 is the most ambitious yet fielded on a Lamonian MBT.
The first armor layer is based off of the Ukrainian Nozh ERA. Called Hedgehog ERA, each explosive brick creates it's own individual shaped charge that is used to defeat penetration by enemy weapons that are missed by the APS systems for whatever reason. The ERA bricks are Confined between two layers of Titanium.
Behind the Hedgehog ERA, is the second armor layer, which is a composite of Titanium, tungsten and plastic filler with Boron Carbide Ceramic. This composite armor is backed by another layer of Titanium, behind which lies a Tungsten Disulfide/Boron Carbide gradient encased in an Aluminum-Silicon Carbide Metal Matrix Composite. These encased gradient "bricks" are a derivative of the Rising Shield armor made in Mondoth. This derivative was made with the full co-operation of Mondoth.
Encasement in the Al-SiC MMC improves the ability of the WS2/Boron Carbide ceramics to withstand hits even after the plate has been cracked as long as the reinforced matrix confines the ceramic pieces. This is in turn followed by a Titanium plate, with Titanium filler keeping nuggets of tungsten in place in order to deflect or stop KE penetrators. Another Titanium plate behind this layer also helps to hold the Tungsten nuggets in place, and behind this layer is the M-21A1's chasis.
Behind the chasis is the anti-spall liner, which is license produced Lyran semi-synthetic anciniform spider silk. Despite its unusual origins, once threads are manufactured, the silk is woven in the same manner as fibrous material anywhere. The fibres mesh well, and fibrous internal friction is low while elasticity and tensile strength both remain very high, allowing for exceptionally good resistance, particularly so when compared to other similar substances, such as aramids. The fibres, unusually, become proportionally stronger as they get thinner, and research and implementation quickly established what spiders established millions of years ago, that weaving 100 thin fibres into a silken strand is almost 60% stronger than an equivalent width single strand, while utilising (approximately) only 80% of the material mass. Also, critically, spider silk has a biphasic modulus – when initially subjected to force it is very stiff, like Kevlar, but just before the yield point it becomes very elastic. It also undergoes hysteresis, so if released from tension it comes back into shape.
In essence, while offering only very slightly improved protection-to-weight ratios than kevlar, anciniform spider silk is dramatically thinner, allowing notably more material to be packed into the same space. As a consequence, while the protection per unit weight may be similar to kevlar, the protection per unit volume is considerably higher, and it is this consideration that lead to its adoption as anti-spalling on the M-21A1 MBT, at the cost of an additional 400 kg of weight.
Propulsion
The main engine of the M-21A1 is an air-cooled diesel 1,300 kW flat-12 multi-fuel engine. A "flat" engine contains pistons that are all relatively horizontal. There are two banks of 6 pistons, one of the banks located on each side of the single crankshaft.
This configuration allows for the flat-12 to be wider, yet lower in height, compared to a standard V12 engine. This is somewhat offset by the need for a higher mounting height in the engine bay to provide clearance for the exhaust system (6 runners on either side).
Most flat-12 engines are classified as a 180 degree V engine instead of a Boxer engine, because flat-12 engines have two pistons sharing a single crank pin.
While flat-12 engines have been used in Formula One and Endurance racing in the past, the design was largely abandoned for those uses because of the properties of wing-cars. The wide and flat layout of the engines obstructed the airflow, and was considered "obsolete."
Other than the layout of flat engines, they are generally considered to function at the same levels as their V layout counterparts.
Similarly, an air-cooled diesel 102 kW multi-fuel flat-4 engine is used as the M-21A1's APU. This APU can power essential systems should the main engine fail; allowing the M-21A1 to limp out of the line of fire. When not needed in this role, the APU provides power to move the turret, as well as the 240 V outlet inside of the tank. This outlet allows the user to charge equipment ranging from gun sights, to the Lyran Arms BALCOTH helmet, to any other rechargeable device.
A bank of Lithium-Ion batteries are also used in the M-21A1, for those times when more electrical power is needed.
Energy/weight: 160 Wh/kg
Energy/size: 270 Wh/l
Power/weight: 1800 W/kg
Charge/discharge efficiency: 99.9%
Energy/consumer-price: 2.8-5 Wh/US$
Self-discharge rate: 5%-10%/month
Time durability: (24-36) months
Cycle durability: ~1200 cycles
Nominal Cell Voltage: 3.6 / 3.7 V
As a matter of course, the M-21A1 uses treads, with six road wheels and two drive rollers. The M-21A1 can also can also ford waterways at a depth of 2 meters.
Signature Reduction
There is a second air intake that is used to force outside air through a forced air radiator, where it is mixed with the exhaust in order to reduce the IR signature of the engine's exhaust. This system can be switched off in NBC conditions in order to preserve crew health, and the serviceability of the tank.
The forced air cooling of the exhaust evenly reduces the temperature of the exhaust, thus making the M-21A1's IR signature harder to detect.
Properties of SAAB ULCANS and Ukrainian Kontrast camouflage netting are used to protect the M-21A1 from detection. Both Kontrast and ULCANS are multi-spectral (Radar, IR, and Near-IR) camouflage netting, which makes detection more difficult both by those means, and visually, as well. The result is called HELLHOUND.
Generally, coatings are used on military grade camouflage netting in order to hide modern AFVs. The technical requirements (and monetary costs) of such coatings are very high - their reflection capacity must be below 20 dB in a wide range of bands.
The textile pieces used in the HELLHOUND netting are made of threads soaked in a dielectric polymer that can absorb and scatter electromagnetic waves. This drastically reduces the ability of methods utilizing EM radiation (Radar, IR, Laser) to detect the protected object.
ULCANS is modular, and comes in two shapes. These shapes are hexagon, and rhombus. These shapes can be made to an object of any size and shape. ULCANS is designed to be snag-free. To compare, Kontrast is a type of netting, which can be made to hug an AFV, instead of providing an immobile shelter; like ULCANS is designed to do.
Lamonian Modifications to ULCANS and Kontrast include making each side of the netting display different camo patterns (woodland, and desert), so that the same net can be used in multiple environments. The netting is also directly secured to the M-21A1, instead of the ground around the tank, which allows for mobile protection at range for the protected platform. The HELLHOUND netting includes features of the Ukrainian Kontrast system, combining the no snag design of ULCANS with the detection defeating properties of Kontrast.
HELLHOUND weighs 43.09 kg, and requires periodic maintenance in order to maintain the stealth properties at their highest levels.
These measures are intended to vastly reduce any possible detectable signature, making the M-21A1 a deadly predator.
Countermeasures
Self-Sealing Fuel Tank
The fuel tank of the M-21A1 is designed to seal itself when penetrated; most often by enemy weapons. The M-21A1's Self-sealing tanks have three layers of rubber, one of vulcanized rubber and two of untreated rubber that can absorb oil and expand when wet. In between these untreated rubber layers is a layer of a composite foam for improved absorption and sealing performance. When a fuel tank is punctured, the fuel will spill on to the layers, causing the swelling of the untreated layers, thus sealing the puncture.
This makes a fuel tank explosion caused by enemy weapons fire less likely, therefore providing a further safety margin for the crew.
AR-AFFF Fire-Suppression System
The role of AR-AFFF is to cool the fire and to coat the fuel, preventing its contact with oxygen, resulting in suppression of the combustion. AR-AFFF is a fire-fighting foam that will still form a protective film in the presence of alcohols, being resistant to alcohols.
The system can be activated by either pushing a button on any of the consoles, or automatically; allowing for maximum flexibility.
Suspended Seating
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AMAP-MPS is used for seating in the crew compartments of the M-21A1. AMAP-MPS was designed by IBD-Deisenroth Engineering, from whom usage rights were purchased.
AMAP-MPS (Multi-Purpose Seat concept) is a seat that can be mounted in the vehicle to support the non-injury of personnel. It is decoupled from the bottom and supports the body. The 5 point safety harness of the seat is adjustable and is equipped with a quick release.
M-21A1(E)
The M-21A1(E) variant is for export to those nations who do not occupy a significant position of trust with the Free Republic of Lamoni. The main difference from the standard M-21A1 is the replacement of the LY410 (140 mm) main gun with the LY402 (120 mm) main gun.
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M-21A1's sold:
Lynion - 300 M-21A1
Kewen - 30,000 M-21A1(E)
Anghele - 855,000 (& DPRs) M-21A1(E)
Greal - 500 M-21A1(E)
Falkasia - DPRs M-21A1(E)
The State of Monavia - DPRs M-21A1
Kraveska - 10 (loaned) M-21A1(E)
The Fanboyists - 5,500 M-21A1 + 66 M-21 conversions
Wessia - 132 M-21A1