NationStates Jolt Archive

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/36/Flag_of_Albania.svg

THE KINGDOM OF ROMANIA

I. Overview (http://forums.jolt.co.uk/showpost.php?p=13671294&postcount=2)
II. Geography (http://forums.jolt.co.uk/showpost.php?p=13672406&postcount=3)
III. Government (http://forums.jolt.co.uk/showpost.php?p=13672422&postcount=4)
IV. Economics (http://forums.jolt.co.uk/showpost.php?p=13672433&postcount=5)
V. History: World War II (http://forums.jolt.co.uk/showpost.php?p=13672442&postcount=6)
VI. History: Expansion of the Kingdom; Greco-Romanian War (http://forums.jolt.co.uk/showpost.php?p=13672471&postcount=7)
VII. Foreign Relations (http://forums.jolt.co.uk/showpost.php?p=13672533&postcount=8)
VIII. Military: Army (http://forums.jolt.co.uk/showpost.php?p=13672534&postcount=9)
IX. Military: Navy (http://forums.jolt.co.uk/showpost.php?p=13672535&postcount=10)
X. Military: Air Force (http://forums.jolt.co.uk/showpost.php?p=13672537&postcount=11)

CAPITAL CITY: Bucharest
LARGEST CITY: Bucharest
OTHER MAJOR CITIES: Constanţa, Braşov, Beslan, Iaşi, Oradea, Tirana, Durrës, Elbasan, Shkodër, Gjirokastër, Vlorë, Korçë, Kukës, Podgorica, Cetinje

OFFICIAL LANGUAGE: Romansh, though natives of the region are often fluent in Italian, Latin, Greek, German, and English.
OFFICIAL RELIGION: None.
DENONYM: Romanian or Roman

ESTABLISHMENT:
AREA: 280,952 sq. km.
POPULATION: 26,532,121
Population Density: 92.3/sq. km.
CURRENCY: Leu
GDP (PPP): $288,603,000,000
GDP (per capita): $6,397.90

GOVERNMENT TYPE: Absolute Monarchy
WA REPRESENTATIVE: Super-Chechnya
Head of State: King Aleksander II

The Kingdom of Romania is separated into two parts; Romania Proper and the King Michael Territories. Romania Proper is situated on the Northeastern point of the Balkan Peninsula, while the King Michael Territories lie on the southwest of the peninsula.

Romanian geography varies greatly from the main body of the Kingdom to the territories on the eastern coast, spanning high mountainous peeks to sprawling lowlands and coastlines. Romania Proper is bordered by Maldova and the Russian Federation to the North, The Austrian Empire and Serbia to the east, and Bulgaria to the south. The two territories of Albania and Montenegro are Bosnia and Serbia to the north, Macedonia and Kosovo to the east, and the Mediterranean Province of Greece to the south. The kingdom itself is separated by Serbia and Kosovo.

Romania Proper

Romania's natural landscape is almost evenly divided among mountains (31 percent), hills (33 percent), and plains (36 percent). These varied relief forms spread rather symmetrically from the Carpathian Mountains, which reach elevations of more than 2,500 meters, to the Danube Delta, which is just a few meters above sea level.
The arc of the Carpathians extends over 1,000 kilometers through the center of the country, covering an area of 70,000 square kilometers. These mountains are of low to medium altitude and are no wider than 100 kilometers. They are deeply fragmented by longitudinal and transverse valleys and crossed by several major rivers. These features and the fact that there are many summit passes--some at altitudes up to 2,256 metres--have made the Carpathians less of a barrier to movement than have other European ranges. Another distinguishing feature is the many eroded platforms that provide tableland at relatively high altitudes. There are permanent settlements here at above 1,200 meters.
Beyond the Carpathian foothills and tablelands, the plains spread south and west. In the southern parts of the country, the lower Danube Plain is divided by the Olt River; east of the river lies the Romanian Plain, and to the west is the Oltenian or Western Plain. The land here is rich with chernozemic soils and forms Romania's most important farming region. Irrigation is widely used, and marshlands in the Danube's floodplain have been diked and drained to provide additional tillable land.
After entering the country in the southwest at Bazias, the Danube travels some 1,075 kilometers (almost 40% of its entire length) through or along Romanian territory, forming the southern frontier with Yugoslavia and Bulgaria. Virtually all of the country's rivers are tributaries of the Danube, either directly or indirectly, and by the time the Danube's course ends in the Black Sea, they account for nearly 40 percent of the total discharge. The most important of these rivers are the Mureş River, the Olt River, the Prut, the Siret River, the Ialomiţa River, the Someş River, and the Argeş River. Romania's rivers primarily flow east, west, and south from the central crown of the Carpathians. They are fed by rainfall and melting snow, which causes considerable fluctuation in discharge and occasionally catastrophic flooding. In the east, river waters are collected by the Siret and the Prut. In the south, the rivers flow directly into the Danube, and in the west, waters are collected by the Tisza on Hungarian territory.

The Danube is by far Romania's most important river, not only for transportation, but also for the production of hydroelectric power. One of Europe's largest hydroelectric stations is located at the Iron Gates, where the Danube surges through the Carpathian gorges. The Danube is an important water route for domestic shipping, as well as international trade. It is navigable for river vessels along its entire Romanian course and for seagoing ships as far as the port of Brăila. An obvious problem with the use of the Danube for inland transportation is its remoteness from most of the major industrial centers. Moreover, marshy banks and perennial flooding impede navigation in some areas.

Montenegro and Albania: The King Michael Territories

The 70% of Albania that is mountainous is rugged and often inaccessible. The remainder, an alluvial plain, receives precipitation seasonally, is poorly drained, and is alternately arid or flooded. Much of the plain's soil is of poor quality. Far from offering a relief from the difficult interior terrain, the alluvial plain is often as inhospitable as the mountains. Good soil and dependable precipitation, however, are found in intermontane river basins, in the lake district along the eastern frontier, and in a narrow band of slightly elevated land between the coastal plains and the interior mountains.

The government of Romania consists of a Royal Family. As an absolute Monarchy, there is no legislative body of government or cabinet. The King - Alexander II - keeps a small body of advisers that specialize in various subjects that is comparative to a presidential cabinet. Each adviser is given the title of "Knight" and hence, the prefix, "Sir".

Knight of Romania* - Constantin Blaga
Knight of King Carol* - Edi Deljanin
Knight of Internal - Nicolae Ene
Knight of Education - Ana Glaca
Knight of Military - Ion Kreanga
Knight of Economics - Simion Mondragon
Knight of Finances - Mariana Lior
Knight of Foreign Relations - Lazarus Urzica

All affairs, however, are conducted by the Royal Family. The governing body of the Royal Family is as follows:

King Aleksander II
Queen Maria
Prince Traian

The royal family is not an oppressive monarchy, and indeed, are mostly benevolent and Romanians enjoy extensive civil freedoms comparable to nations in the western area of the world. The primary focus of the Romanian Royal Family is economics, set on improving Romania's Economic growth and increase trade and diplomacy with other nations.

GDP: $292.84 billion
Per Capita: $6,800
Real Growth Rate: 5.6%

GDP Composition by Sector:
Agriculture: 11.8%
Industry: 18%
Services: 57.3%

Labor Force: 10,699,100 (Sept. 2006)

Agriculture Products: grains, tobacco, wheat, corn, barley, potatoes, sunflower seed, vegetables, fruits, sugar beets, grapes, citrus fruits, olives; meat, dairy products; eggs, sheep, sheep-herding; commercial fishing negligible

Industries: food processing, textiles and clothing, footwear; lumber, oil, cement, chemicals, mining, basic metals, hydropower, steelmaking, construction materials, aluminum, metallurgy, petroleum refining; agricultural processing, consumer goods; tourism; electric machinery and equipment, light machinery and auto assembly

Export Commodities: textiles and footwear; asphalt, metals and metallic ores, crude oil; vegetables, fruits, tobacco, machinery and equipment, metals and metal products, machinery and equipment, minerals and fuels, chemicals, agricultural products

During the Second World War, Romania tried again to remain neutral, but on June 28, 1940, it received a Soviet ultimatum with an implied threat of invasion in the event of non-compliance. Under pressure from Moscow and Berlin, the Romanian administration and the army were forced to retreat from Bessarabia as well from Northern Bukovina to avoid war. This, in combination with other factors, prompted the government to join the Axis. Thereafter, southern Dobruja was awarded to Bulgaria, while Hungary received Northern Transylvania as result of an Axis arbitration. The authoritarian King Carol II abdicated in 1940, succeeded by the National Legionary State, in which power was shared by Ion Antonescu and the Iron Guard. Within months, Antonescu had crushed the Iron Guard, and the subsequent year Romania entered the war on the side of the Axis powers. During the war, Romania was the most important source of oil for Nazi Germany, which attracted multiple bombing raids by the Allies. By means of the Axis invasion of the Soviet Union, Romania recovered Bessarabia and northern Bukovina from the Soviet Russia, under the leadership of general Ion Antonescu. The Antonescu regime played a major role in the Holocaust, following to a lesser extent the Nazi policy of oppression and massacre of the Jews, and Romas, primarily in the Eastern territories Romania recovered or occupied from the Soviet Union (Transnistria) and in Moldavia.

In August 1944, Antonescu was toppled and arrested by King Michael I of Romania. Romania changed sides and joined the Allies, but its role in the defeat of Nazi Germany was not recognized by the Paris Peace Conference of 1947. By the end of the war, the Romanian army had suffered about 300,000 casualties.

After Antonescu was arrested and turned over the Allied parties, King Michael, the successor of the second King Carol, declared Romania once again a Monarchy and turned against Germany after a pact with Soviet Russia, the United Kingdom and The United States. Romania played a large part in the turning of the tide in the latter half of WW2, particularly in Nazi forces' advance east and accessibility to Russia. After the war, King Michael was awarded the "Legion of Merit" by then-US President Harry Truman, and the highest award, The Order of Victory" by Josef Stalin of Russia.

During the war, Fascist Italy occupied the fabricated nations of Montenegro and Albania. The two nations were created as an expansion of Italy's power in the east, and declared official protectorates of the Italian government. Albania, in particular was of keen interest, as a former territory of Greece. Albania was ultimately used as a springboard for Italian forces during the Greco-Italian War in 1940.

After Axis defeat, Italy was forced to relinquish both nations as part of the Paris Peace Conference. Greece staked first claim to the two regions, but Greece was, at the time, occupied by largely Communist regimes, causing international powers to be wary of the spread of Communism if Greece were awarded Albania back. Seeking an alternative and impartial-appearing route, the two territories were awarded to King Michael I of Romania, and nicknamed the King Michael Territories. Prince Micha, one of two Princes, was appointed Lord Protector of the two territories. The name "King Michael Territories" became officially recognized by the Romanian Royal Family after the death of King Michael in 1981.

Communist forces in Greece, resentful of the Greek government's passiveness in allowing Albania to be declared Romanian territories, issued the Albanian Ultimatum to King Michael I in 1951. The ultimatum declared that Romania was to relinquish Albania to Greece or face Communist invasion. King Michael's response was to order the Romanian Royal Army to set up border defenses along the Albanian border, replying that any hostile movement by Greece would be considered an act of war. On December 5th, 1951, Greek Communist forces marched into Albania.
Italy, under a new Republican government and whom had just formed the Southern European Alliance with Switzerland, condemned the Greek Communists and though had a defunct military as a result of World War 2, urged the Greek Democratic government to act. Under international pressure, the Greek Democratic Army declared war on the Greek Communist Forces, thus starting the Greek Civil War.
The Greco-Romanian War was short lived. Greek Communist forces pushed the border defense back into the center of the territory, claiming the cities of Vlorë, Gjirokastër and Korçë. The invasion was shortly followed by Greek Democratic Army advance behind Greek Communist forces, effectively encircling the Communist Army in the north of Greece.

Spread out between a dual front, the Communists were forced to send aid and supplies South to fight the powerful Democratic Army, diminishing forces in the north and allowing Romanian forces to reclaim much of the lost land. While the Communists in the south were winning the battles, they became spread too thin, unable to effectively navigate supplies to both the northern and southern fronts. While they succeeded against Greek forces in the south, the result was defeat on the Albanian front, pushing the battle further into Greece. Ultimately, all Communist military was forced out of Albania entirely, thus ending the Greco-Romanian War.

Relations with the world (KEY):
Supreme Ally
Allied
Friendly
Neutral
Wary
Hostile
At War


The American Federated Republic: United States of America, Cuba, Jamaica
The Russian Federation (Candistan): Russia, Belarus, Ukraine
The United Kingdom (Wanderjar): Britain, Ireland, Canada
The Federal Dominion of Germany (Greal): Germany, France, Netherlands
Mediterranean Alliance (Ka-Spel): Italy, Switzerland
Grand Mongolian Empire (DPW): China, Mongolia, Kazakhstan
Kulivokia: Poland, Czech Republic, Slovakia
South-Asian Indian Confederacy (Honako): India, Pakistan, Bangladesh
The Austrian Empire (Moorington): Austria, Hungary, Croatia
Kansiovan Federation: Japan, South Korea, Taiwan
The Second Great and Bountiful Israeli Empire (Animarnia): Israel, Jordan, Saudi Arabia
North Atlantic Federation (Ausfall): Greenland, Iceland, Denmark
Kingdom of Southern Arabia (Indonesian States): UAE, Oman, Yemen
Xaristan: Libya, Egypt, Syria
Pyekan Kuogu (Pyeki): Indonesia, Burma, Thailand
Kenavt: Brazil, Argentina, Uruguay
Mussleburgh: Turkey
Federated Straits Settlements (Questers): Malaysia, Singapore, Brunei
Corbournne: Belgium, South Africa, Australia
Republic of Indochina (Uiri): Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia
Shamanistic Peoples of Sudeth-Kya (Neo-Ishtaria): Ethiopia, Sudan, Kenya
Nosovia: Namibia, Angola, Botswana
Franberry: Malta, Monaco, Andorra
Midlauthia: Chile, Bolivia, Peru
Astater: New Zealand, North Korea, Sri Lanka
Tokyoni: Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Afghanistan
Super-Chechnya: Chechnya
Charlotte Ryberg: Athens and Charlotte Ireland
Charlotte Antje: Self-explanatory
Aveni: Athens - Hungarian sector
The Kosovo: Kosovo
New Ferrium: Athens - Ionian sector

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/d8/Stema_Statului_Major_al_Fortelor_Terestre.JPG/150px-Stema_Statului_Major_al_Fortelor_Terestre.JPG

Chief General: Teodor Meleşcanu
Manpower: 103,300

Equipment

Weapons


Rifles
AIM (rifle)
Puşca Semiautomată cu Lunetă sniper rifle
AK-47, AKS, Model 56
Dragunov SVT (Sniper Rifle 7.62 x 54 mm)
RPK (AK-47)
Zastava Shotguns
M70A/M70B1 Assault Rifles 7.62 mm
M21S Assault Rifle
M93 Black Arrow Long Range Rifle
M76 7.9 mm Sniper rifle
M91 7.62 mm Sniper rifle
M85 Assault rifle
M90 Assault rifle
M77 Assault rifle
M-60 Recoilless rifle
Machine Guns
RPK - Ak-47
7.62 mm heavy machine gun
7.62 mm tank machine gun
DP-27, RP-46 (Light Machine Gun 7.62 x 54 mm)
DShKM (Heavy Machine Gun 12.7 x 109 mm)
KPVT (Heavy Machine Gun/Air Defence 14.5 x 115 mm)
M72 7.62 mm Machine gun
M84 7.62 mm Machine gun
M87 12.7 mm Heavy Machine gun
Heckler & Koch MP5
Pistols
Makarov PM (Pistol 9 x 18 mm)
TT-33 (Pistol 7.62 x 25 mm)
Beretta 92 (Pistol 9 x 19 mm)
MP-5 (Maschine Pistol 9 x 19 mm)
CZ-99 Pistol 9 mm
Automatic gun 7.65 mm M84
Miscellaneous
RPG-7 (Light Antitank Grenade Launcher)
60 mm, 82 mm Type-67 Mortar
PK, PKM, PKSMN, (GPMG 7.62 x 54 mm)
Type 65 (Antiaircraft gun 37 mm self-propelled)
Antitank HJ-8 Missile
Antiaircraft HN-5 MANPAD
Type 66 Howitzer 152 mm Artillery
BGA (grenade launcher)

Main Battle Tanks


56 TR-85 M1 "Bison"
261 TR-85
184 TR-77-580
30 T-72
3 TR-125
55 T-55
373 Type 59 Main Battle Tanks
212 M-84
65 T-72M1

Armored Personnel Carriers


TAB B33 Zimbru - 70
TAB-77 - 170
TAB-71 - 970
TAB-79 - 390
M113 - 130
BRDM-2- 28
BTR-50 - 20
BOV M-86 - 58
BOV-1 - 84 (Anti-tank guided missile)
BTR-90 - 200


Infantry Fighting Vehicles


MLI-84 - 400
Piranha IIIC - 31
M-80A - 562


Artillery

General Artillery
122mm M30 howitzer - 258
152mm M85 howitzer - 114
152mm M81 howitzer - 330
122mm 2S1 howitzer vehicle - 6
122mm Mod.89 howitzer vehicle - 42
120mm M82 mortar - 360
M-72 82 mm - 1700
M-74 and M-75 120 mm - 560
M-46 - 180[4]
M84 "NORA A" - 36
D-30 - 303
D-20 - 25
2S1 Gvozdika - 72 with 50 MT-LBu's Fitted with folding SNAR-10 Big Fred artillery/mortar locating radar.[6]
Nora B-52 - 28

Multiple Rocket Launchers

LAROM - 24
PR 40 - 128
M-94 "Plamen S" - 48
M-77 "Oganj" - 100
M-87 "Orkan" - 4
Antitank Weapons

Bumbar
9M14 Malyutka
9K111 Fagot - 250
9K115 Metis
9M119 Svir
M79 "Osa" 90 mm
M80 "Zolja" 64 mm rocket grenade launcher
M90 "Stršljen" 120 mm
BRDM-3 9P148 AT-5 "Konkurs" Launcher Vehicle - 54



Air Defense Weapons and Artillery

Bofors 40 mm gun L/70 - guided by GIRAFFE Radar
BOV-3 - 65
ZSU-57-2 - 54
M53/59 Praga - 50
2K12 Kub / SA-6 -
9K33M3 Osa-AKM / SA-8B -
CA-95 - (native made air defense vehicle)
CA-94 - (native made SAM)
9K31 Strela-1 (SA-9) - 90
9K31 Strela-10 (SA-13) - 18
Strela 2 (SA-7)
9K34 Strela-3 (SA-14)
9K38 Igla (SA-18 Grouse)

Aircraft

33 Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-21 Fishbed (Fighter, Trainer, Recon)
5 Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-29 Fulcrum (Fighter, Trainer)
33 SOKO J-22 Orao (Ground Attack, Trainer, Rece, Rece-Trainer)
17 SOKO G-2 Galeb (Fighter, Bomber & Trainer)
34 SOKO G-4 Super Galeb (Fighter, Bomber & Trainer, Unarmed Trainer, Target puller, Prototyp)
12 Lola Utva 75 (Trainer)
1 Antonov An-2 Colt (Cargo Aircraft)
8 Antonov An-26 Curl (Cargo Aircraft)
3 Yakovlev Yak-40 Codling (VIP Aircraft)
29 Mil Mi-8 Hip (Transport Helicopter, Multirole Helicopter)
3 Mil Mi-14 Haze (Anti-Submarine Helicopter)
4 Kamov Ka-25 Hormone (Anti-Submarine Helicopter)
62 Aérospatiale SA-341/-342 Gazelle (Utility, Recon, Attack Helicopter)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/72/Stema_Statului_Major_al_Fortelor_Navale.jpg

Chief of Staff: Flotilla Counter Admiral Dorin Dănilă
Manpower: 6,800

Fleet

Frigates (FFG)

Regele Ferdinand (F-221)
Regina Maria (F-222)
Mărăşeşti (F-111)

Light Frigates (FFL)

Admiral Petre Bărbureanu (Tetal-I) (F-260)
Vice-Admiral Eugen Roşca (Tetal-I) (F-263)
Rear-Admiral Eustaţiu Sebastian (Tetal-II) (F-264)
Rear-Admiral Horia Măcelaru (Tetal-II) (F-265)

Patrol Corvettes

Osa class missile boats - 6
Molniya class corvettes (Tarantul 1) - 3
Project 122bis (Kronshtadt) - 1
Shanghai II class - 1
Sea Spectre PB MK III class - 3
45ft US "Patrol Craft, Coastal" - 2
Italian Type 227 "Super Speranza" or "CP 231" class - 4
44ft Lifeboat type (US) - 1
Type 51/ "Keith Nelson-Design" harbor launches - 7

Mine Warfare

miners and minesweepers - 5
Project 254 (T-43) - 2

Auxiliary Ships

salvage and rescue ships - 5
the "Emil Racoviţă" electronic surveillance ship
Special Ships Division - 9
the Training ship "Mircea"

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/e/ef/Stema_Statului_Major_al_Fortelor_Aeriene.JPG

Chief of Staff: Lieutenant General Constantin Croitoru
Manpower: 17,650

Equipment
Air Fleet

Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-21 Fishbed (fighter) 110
Lockheed C-130 Hercules (transport) 5
Alenia C-27J Spartan (transport) 12
Antonov An-26 Curl (transport) 4
Boeing 707 (transport) 1
Antonov An-30 Clank (reconnaissance) 1
Yakovlev Yak-52 (training) 16
Aero L-39 Albatros (training) 3
IAR 99 'Şoim' (training) 22
Antonov An-2 Colt (training) 16
IAR 330 Puma (attack helicopter) 23
IAR 316 (training helicopter) 16
IAR 330 Puma (transport helicopter) 60
RQ-7 Shadow (UAV) 10
MIM-23 Hawk (surface to air missile) 224
Aerospatiale SA 316 Alouette III (Light Utility helicopter 4
Agusta A109 (VIP helicopter)1
Agusta-Bell AB205 (transport helicopter) 7
Agusta-Bell AB206 (transport helicopter) 7
MBB Bo 105 (Utility helicopter) 14
Eurocopter AS 350 Ecureuil (light utility helicopter) 3
Mil Mi-8 Hip (transport helicopter) 13
Shijiazhuang Y-5 (utility) 12
Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-29 Fulcrum (Fighter, Trainer - Fighter) 5
Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-21 (Fighter, Trainer - Fighter, Recon - Fighter) 34
Soko J-22 Orao (Ground Attack, Attack - Trainer, Recon, Recon - Trainer) 33
Antonov An-2 Colt (Utility transport/paratroop training) 1
Antonov An-26 Curl (Medium military transport) 6
Yakovlev Yak-40 Codling (VIP Transport/Navaid Calibration) 2
Soko G-4 Super Galeb (Armed Advanced Jet Trainer, Unarmed Advanced Jet Trainer, Target Puller, Prototype) 25
Lola Utva 75 (Basic/Primary Trainer) 12

(ooc: Factbook isn't quite finished yet, but the basics are down. Feel free to open diplomacy :-))