Magdha
17-03-2008, 10:44
{OOC: BM = Before Magdha, i.e. before the country was renamed. The year 18 BM is 1990 A.D./C.E.}
Preamble
We, the free and sovereign people of Maghda, imploring the aid of Divine Providence, in order to establish a government that shall embody the ideals of the Revolution of June 4, 18 BM, do hereby promulgate this Constitution, that we may secure to ourselves and our posterity the blessings of justice, peace, liberty, and equality as ordained under the enlightened philosophy of Generalissimo J.L.
Article I
Declaration of Principles and State Policies
Section 1. The Revolutionary People's State of Magdha is a republican state which embodies the idea of and guidance by the Father of the Nation, Generalissimo J.L., representing the interests of all the Magdhan people. We recognize and acknowledge that Generalissimo J.L. is the loving father of all our people, and that he loves each of us individually for who we are.
Section 2. There exists a single institution in Magdha, the National Movement for the Cultural and Social Revolution, incarnated by its President, who is ex officio President of the Revolutionary People's State and holds the plenitude of power exercise.
Section 3. J.L.ism, a philosophy incorporating the ideals of Generalissimo J.L. as outlined in the Manifesto of the Revolution and its Principles (http://forums.jolt.co.uk/showpost.php?p=13561961&postcount=1), is a revolutionary force which binds the nation together and provides guidance propitious for the political and spiritual development of the people. J.L.ism shall be the official doctrine of the Nation and its people; deviationism from, and revisionism of, J.L.ism is proscribed.
Section 4. The State shall strengthen the family as a basic social institution. The natural right and duty of parents in the rearing of the youth for civic efficiency and the development of moral character shall receive the support of the government.
Section 5. The State recognizes the vital role of the youth in nation-building and shall promote their physical, intellectual and social well-being.
Section 6. The State shall promote social justice to ensure the dignity, welfare, and security of all the people.
Section 7. The State shall promote the maintenance of traditional values and mores in the interest of providing a stable environment propitious for the development of the spirits and character of the people.
Section 8. The State shall pursue an independent foreign policy. In its relations with other states, the paramount consideration shall be national sovereignty, territorial integrity, national interest, and the right to self-determination.
Section 9. Military authority is at all times supreme over the State.
Article II
Duties and Obligations of Citizens
Section 1. All Magdhan citizens are, from birth, automatically members of the National Movement for the Cultural and Social Revolution. Membership is lifelong, and citizens are obligated to fulfill the Movement's mandate by promoting and adhering to the philosophy of J.L.ism and combatting deviationism and subversion within the Movement.
Section 2. It is the duty of citizens of Magdha to safeguard the unity of the Nation and defend the Revolution.
Section 3. Citizens of Magdha must abide by the Constitution and the law, keep state secrets, observe public order, respect social ethics, and cooperate with the duly constituted authorities in the attainment and preservation of a just and orderly society.
Section 4. The rights of the individual impose upon him the correlative duty to exercise them responsibly and with due regard for the rights of others.
Section 5. It is the duty of citizens of Magdha to safeguard the security, honor, and interests of the Nation; they must not commit acts detrimental to the security, honor, and interests of the Nation.
Section 6. It shall be the obligation of every citizen of Magdha to defend the Nation and resist aggression. It is the honorable duty of citizens to render personal military or civil service in accordance with the law. Citizens shall constantly increase their revolutionary vigilance and devotedly fight for the security of the State.
Section 7. It shall be the obligation of every citizen qualified to vote to register and cast his vote. Suffrage shall be exercised by citizens not otherwise disqualified by law, who are eighteen years of age or over and who shall have resided in Magdha for at least one year and in the place wherein they propose to vote for at least six months preceding the election. A citizen who has been disenfranchised by a Court decision and a person legally certified insane do not have the right to elect or to be elected.
Section 8. It shall be the duty of every citizen to engage in gainful work to assure himself and his family a life worthy of human dignity.
Article III
Bill of Rights
Section 1. Citizens enjoy equal rights in all spheres of State and public activities. The State respects and guarantees human rights. Every citizen is entitled to the rights and at the same time must perform the duties prescribed by the Constitution and the law.
Section 2. No person shall be deprived of life, liberty, or property without due process of law, nor shall any person be denied the equal protection of the laws.
Section 3. The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects against unreasonable searches and seizures of whatever nature and whatever purpose shall not be violated, and no search warrant or warrant of arrest shall issue except upon probable cause to be determined by the judge, or such other responsible officer as maybe authorized by law, except when public safety warrants it.
Section 4. The privacy of communication and correspondence shall be inviolable except in cases where, to meet the needs of state security or of criminal investigation, public security or procuratorial organs are permitted to censor correspondence in accordance with procedures prescribed by law.
Section 5. The liberty of abode and of travel shall not be impaired except upon lawful order of the court, or when necessary in the interest of national security, public safety, or public health.
Section 6. The right to form non-political associations or societies for purposes not contrary to the law shall not be abridged. Citizens are entitled to submit complaints and petitions. Complaints and petitions shall be investigated and dealt with according to procedure and within the period fixed by law.
Section 7. The right of the people to information on matters of public concern shall be recognized. Access to official records, and to documents and papers pertaining to official acts, transactions, or decisions, shall be afforded the citizen subject to such limitations as may be provided by law.
Section 8. No law shall be made respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof. The free exercise and enjoyment of religious profession and worship, without discrimination or preference, is inviolable, excepting religions or cults constituting a threat to public order and safety. No one may make use of religion to engage in activities that disrupt public order, impair the health of citizens, interfere with the educational system of the State, or as a pretext for drawing in foreign forces.
Section 9. No law shall be passed abridging the freedom of speech, or the press, or the right of the people peaceably to assemble and petition the government for redress of grievances, unless the public safety warrants it. Defamatory remarks, insults, or libelous statements about the President are proscribed by law.
Section 10. The right to keep and bear arms for self-defense shall not be infringed except upon lawful order of the court, or when necessary in the interest of national security, public safety, or public health.
Section 11. The right to private property ownership and freedom of commerce is inviolable. Private property shall not be taken for public use without just compensation and written consent of the owner.
Section 12. No law impairing the obligation of contracts shall be passed.
Section 13. No ex post facto law or bill of attainder shall be enacted.
Section 14. No involuntary servitude in any form shall exist except as a punishment for a crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted.
Section 15. No bill of attainder, ex post facto law, or law denying or impairing the right of property in Shooban slaves shall be passed.
Section 16. The privilege of the writ of habeas corpus shall not be suspended except in cases of invasion, insurrection, or rebellion, or imminent danger thereof, when the public safety requires it.
Section 17. All persons, shall have the right to a speedy disposition of their cases in all judicial, quasi-judicial, or administrative bodies.
Section 18. All persons, except those charged with capital offenses when evidence of guilt is strong shall, before conviction, be bailable by sufficient sureties.
Section 19. In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall be presumed innocent until the contrary is proved, and shall enjoy the right to be heard by himself and counsel, to be informed of the nature and cause of the accusation against him, to have a speedy, impartial, and public trial, to meet the witnesses face to face, and to have compulsory process to secure the attendance of witnesses and the production of evidence in his behalf. However, after arraignment, trial may proceed notwithstanding the absence of the accused provided that he has been duly notified and his failure to appear is unjustified.
Section 20. No person shall be compelled to be a witness against himself. Any person under investigation for the commission of an offense shall have the right to remain silent and to counsel, and to be informed of such right.
Section 21. No person shall be twice put in jeopardy of punishment for the same offense. If an act is punished by a law and an ordinance, conviction or acquittal under either shall constitute a bar to another prosecution for the same act.
Section 22. The enumeration in the Constitution, of certain rights, shall not be construed to deny or disparage others retained by the people, unless deemed necessary by the State for reasons pertinent to national security.
Article IV
The President and Vice-President
Section 1. The President shall be the head of state and chief executive of the Revolutionary People's State of Magdha. The President serves for life.
Section 2. The President is immune from suit and impeachment.
Section 3. The President shall have the following duties and functions:
(1) Serve as Commander-in-Chief of the armed forces.
(2) Make treaties; declare war; appoint Vice-President, the First State Commissioner, Cabinet, ambassadors, other public ministers and consuls, judges of the Supreme Court of Justice, the officers of the armed forces, and all other officers whose appointments are not herein otherwise provided for, and which shall be established by law.
(3) Dissolve the National Assembly and call for a general election as provided herein.
(4) Veto any piece of legislation if he so chooses, or override the First State Commissioner's veto.
(5) Declare a State of Emergency and rule by decree if he believes that national security warrants it.
(6) Perform such other duties and functions of State as may be provided by law.
Section 4. (1) The Vice-President shall serve as chief advisor to the President and the First State Commissioner; however, he cannot implement, change, or otherwise affect government policy. The Vice-President holds no executive power and performs only ceremonial duties, serving chiefly as a figurehead.
(2) In the event that the President becomes incapacitated or otherwise unable to carry out his duties, the Vice-President shall assume all presidential functions until the President is able to resume them.
(3) In the event of the President's death, the Vice-President shall become the President.
(4) The Vice-President serves at the pleasure of the President, and the President may remove the Vice-President from office whenever he wishes, for whatever reason he wishes.
Article V
The First State Commissioner and the Cabinet
Section 1. The Executive power shall be exercised by the First State Commissioner with the assistance of the Cabinet. The Cabinet, headed by the First State Commissioner, shall consist of the heads of commissions as provided by law. The First State Commissioner shall be the head of the government.
Section 2. The First State Commissioner and the Cabinet shall be responsible to the President for the program of government and shall determine the guidelines of national policy. The First State Commissioner serves at the pleasure of the President and may be removed by him at any time.
Section 3. The First State Commissioner shall, at the beginning of each regular session of the National Assembly, and from time to time thereafter, present the program of government and recommend for the consideration of the National Assembly such measures as he may deem necessary and proper.
Section 4. The First State Commissioner shall have control of all commissions.
Section 5. The First State Commissioner may, except in cases of impeachment grant reprieves, commutations, and pardons, remit fines and forfeitures after final conviction, and with the concurrence of the President, grant amnesty.
Section 6. The powers not delegated to the President by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it, are reserved to the First State Commissioner.
Article VI
The National Assembly
Section 1. The Legislative power shall be vested in a National Assembly.
Section 2. The National Assembly shall be composed of as many Members as may be provided by law to be appointed among the states, representative districts, and cities in accordance with the number of their respective inhabitants and on the basis of a uniform and progressive ratio. Each district shall comprise, as far as practicable, contiguous, compact, and adjacent territory. Representative districts or states already created or existing at the time of the ratification of this Constitution shall have at least one Member each.
Section 3. (1) The Members of the National Assembly shall be elected by the qualified electors in their respective districts for a term of six years which shall begin, unless otherwise provided by law, at noon on the thirtieth day of June next following their election.
(2) In case the National Assembly is dissolved, the newly elected Members shall serve the unexpired portion of the term from the time the First State Commissioner convenes the Assembly, which shall not be later than thirty days immediately following the elections.
Section 4. No person shall be a Member of the National Assembly unless he is a natural-born citizen of Magdha and, on the day of the election, is at least twenty-five years of age, able to read and write, a registered voter in the district in which he shall be elected, and a resident thereon for a period of not less than one year immediately preceding the day of the election.
Section 5. (1) Unless otherwise provided by law, the regular election of Members of the National Assembly shall be held on the second Monday of May every six years thereafter.
(2) In case a vacancy arises in the National Assembly one year or more before a regular election, the Commission on Elections shall call a special election to be held within sixty days after the vacancy occurs.
Section 6. The National Assembly shall convene once every year on the fourth Monday of July for its regular session, unless a different date is fixed by law, and shall continue to be in session until thirty days before the opening of its next regular session, exclusive of Saturdays, Sundays, and legal holidays. It may recess for periods not exceeding thirty days each, and not more than ninety days during the year. However, it may be called to session at any time by the Prime Minister to consider such subjects or legislation as he may designate.
Section 7. (1) The National Assembly, shall, by a majority vote of all its Members, elect its Speaker from the Members thereof. It shall choose such other officers as it may deem necessary.
(2) A majority of the National Assembly shall constitute a quorum to do business, but a smaller number may adjourn from day to day and may compel the attendance of absent Members in such manner, and under such penalties, as the National Assembly may provide.
(3) The National Assembly may determine the rules of its proceedings, punish its Members for disorderly behavior, and with concurrence of two-thirds of all its Members, suspend or expel a Member, but if the penalty is suspension, this shall not exceed sixty days.
(4) The National Assembly shall keep a Journal of its proceedings, and from time to time publish the same, excepting such parts as may, in its judgment, affect national security; and the yeas and nays on any question shall, at the request of one-fifth of the Members present, be entered in the Journal.
Section 8. (1) Unless otherwise provided by law, each Member of the National Assembly shall receive an annual salary of sixty thousand dollars. The Speaker of the National Assembly shall receive an annual salary of seventy-five thousand dollars. No increase in salary shall take effect until after the expiration of the term of the Members of the National Assembly approving such increase.
(2) The records and books of accounts of the National Assembly shall be open to the public in accordance with law, and such books shall be audited by the Commission on Audit which shall publish annually the itemized expenditures for each Member.
Section 9. A Member of the National Assembly shall, in all offenses punishable by not more than six years imprisonment, be privileged from arrest during his attendance at its sessions, and in going to and returning from the same; but the National Assembly shall surrender the Member involved to the custody of the law within twenty-four hours after its adjournment for a recess or its next session, otherwise such privilege shall cease upon its failure to do so. A Member shall not be questioned or held liable in any other place for any speech or debate in the Assembly or in any committee thereof.
Section 10. No Member of the National Assembly shall appear as counsel before any court inferior to a court with appellate jurisdiction, before any court in any civil case wherein the government, or any subdivision, agency, or instrumentality thereof is the adverse party, or before any administrative body. Neither shall he, directly or indirectly, be interested financially in any contract with, or in any franchise or special privilege granted by, the government, or any subdivision, agency, or instrumentality thereof, including any government-owned or controlled corporation, during his term of office. He shall not intervene in any matter before any office of the government for his pecuniary benefit.
Section 12. (1) There shall be a question hour at least once a month or as often as the rules of the National Assembly may provide, which shall be included in its agenda. Written questions shall be submitted to the Speaker at least three days before a scheduled question hour. Interpellations shall not be limited to the written questions, but may cover matters related thereto. The agenda shall specify the subjects of the question hour. When the security of the State so requires and the First State Commissioner so states in writing, the question hour shall be conducted in executive session.
(2) The National Assembly or any of its committees may conduct inquiries in aid of legislation in accordance with its duly published rules of procedure. The rights of persons appearing in such inquiries shall be respected.
Section 13. (1) The First State Commissioner shall submit to the National Assembly within thirty days from the opening of each regular session, as the basis of the general appropriations bill, a budget of receipts based on existing and proposed revenue measures, and of expenditures. The form, content, and manner of preparation of the budget shall be prescribed by law.
(2) No provision or enactment shall be embraced in the general appropriations bill unless it relates specifically to some particular appropriation therein. Any such provision or enactment shall be limited in its operation to the appropriation to which it relates.
(3) The procedure in approving appropriations for the National Assembly shall strictly follow the procedure for approving appropriations for other departments and agencies.
(4) A special appropriations bill shall specify the purpose for which it is intended, and shall be supported by funds actually available as certified to by the National Treasurer, or to be raised by a corresponding revenue proposal included therein.
No law shall be passed authorizing any transfer of appropriations; however, the First State Commissioner, the Speaker, the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Justice, and the heads of Constitutional Commissions may by law be authorized to augment any item in the general appropriations law for their respective offices from saving in other items of their respective appropriations.
(5) If, by the end of the fiscal year, the National Assembly shall have failed to pass the general appropriations bill for the ensuing fiscal year, the general appropriations law for the preceding fiscal year shall be deemed re-enacted and shall remain in force and effect until the general appropriations bill is passed by the National Assembly.
Section 14. (1) The rule of taxation shall be uniform and equitable.
Section 15. (1) Every bill shall become a law unless it has passed three readings on separate days, and printed copies thereof in its final form have been distributed to the Members three days before its passage, except when the First State Commissioner certifies to the necessity of its immediate enactment to meet a public calamity or emergency. Upon the last reading of a bill, no amendment thereto shall be allowed, and the vote thereon shall be taken immediately thereafter, and the yeas and nays entered in the Journal.
(2) No bill except those of local application shall be calendared without the prior recommendation of the Cabinet.
Section 16. (1) Every bill passed by the National Assembly shall, before it becomes a law, be presented to the First State Commissioner. If he approves the same he shall sign it; otherwise, he shall veto it and return the same with his objections to the National Assembly. The bill may be reconsidered by the National Assembly and, if approved by two-thirds of all its Members, shall become a law. The First State Commissioner shall act on every bill passed by the National Assembly within thirty days after the date of receipt thereof; otherwise, it shall become a law as if he had signed it.
(2) The First State Commissioner shall have the power to veto any particular item or items in appropriation, but the veto shall not affect the item or items to which he does not object.
Article VII
The Supreme Court of Justice
Section 1. The Judicial power shall be vested in one Supreme Court of Justice and in such inferior courts as may be established by law.
Section 2. (1) The Supreme Court of Justice shall be composed of a Chief Justice and fourteen Associate Justices. It may sit en banc or in two divisions.
(2) All cases involving the constitutionality of a law shall be heard and decided by the Supreme Court of Justice en banc, and no law may be declared unconstitutional without the concurrence of at least ten Members. All other cases, which under its rules are required to be heard en banc, shall be decided with the concurrence of at least eight Members.
(3) Cases heard by a division shall be decided with the concurrence of at least five Members, but if such required number is not obtained, the case shall be decided en banc: Provided, that no doctrine or principle of law laid down by the Court in a decision rendered en banc or in a division may be modified or reversed except by the Court sitting en banc.
Section 3. The Members of the Supreme Court of Justice and judges of inferior courts shall be appointed by the President.
Section 4. The Supreme Court of Justice shall have the following powers:
(1) Exercise original jurisdiction over petitions for certiorari, prohibition, mandamus, quo warranto, and habeas corpus.
(2) Review and revise, reverse, modify, or affirm on appeal or certiorari, as the law or the rules of court may provide, final judgments and decrees of inferior courts in:
(a) All cases in which the constitutionality or validity of any law, ordinance, or regulation is in question.
(b) All cases involving the legality of any tax, impost, assessment, or toll, or any penalty imposed in relation thereto.
(c) All cases in which the jurisdiction of any inferior court is in issue.
(d) All criminal cases in which the penalty imposed is death or life imprisonment.
(e) All cases in which only an error or question of law is involved.
(3) Assign temporarily judges of inferior courts to other stations as public interest may require. Such temporary assignment shall not last longer than six months without the consent of the judge concerned.
(4) Order a change of venue or place of trial to avoid a miscarriage of justice.
(5) Promulgate rules concerning pleading, practice, and procedure in all courts, the admission to the practice of law, and the integration of the bar, which, however, may be repealed, altered or supplemented by the National Assembly. Such rules shall provide a simplified and inexpensive procedure for the speedy disposition of cases, shall be uniform for all courts of the same grade, and shall not diminish, increase, or modify substantive rights.
(6) Appoint its officials and employees in accordance with the Civil Service Law.
Section 5. The Supreme Court of Justice shall have administrative supervision over all courts and the personnel thereof.
Section 6. The Members of the Supreme Court of Justice and judges of inferior courts shall hold office during good behavior until they reach the age of seventy years or become incapacitated to discharge the duties of their office. The Supreme Court of Justice shall have the power to discipline judges of inferior courts and, by a vote of at least eight Members, order their dismissal.
Section 7. The conclusions of the Supreme Court in any case submitted to it for decision en banc or in division shall be reached in consultation before the case is assigned to a Member for the writing of opinion of the Court. Any Member dissenting from a decision shall state the reasons for his dissent. The same requirement shall be observed by all inferior collegiate courts.
Section 8. Every decision of a court of record shall clearly and distinctly state the facts and the law on which it is based. The Rules of Court shall govern the promulgation of minute resolutions.
Section 9. (1) Upon the effectivity of this Constitution, the maximum period within which a case or matter shall be decided or resolved from the date of its submission, shall be eighteen months for the Supreme Court of Justice, unless reduced by the Supreme Court of Justice, twelve months for all inferior collegiate courts, and three months for all other inferior courts.
(2) With respect to the Supreme Court of Justice and other collegiate appellate courts, when the applicable maximum period shall have lapsed without the rendition of the corresponding decision or resolution, because the necessary vote cannot be had, the judgment, order, or resolution appealed from shall be deemed affirmed except in those cases where a qualified majority is required and in appeals from judgments of conviction in criminal cases, and in original special civil actions and proceedings for habeas corpus, the petition in such cases shall be deemed dismissed, and a certification to this effect signed by the Chief Magistrate of the court shall be issued and a copy thereof attached to the record of the case.
Section 10. The Supreme Court of Justice shall, within thirty days from the opening of each regular session of the National Assembly, submit to the President, the First State Commissioner, and the National Assembly an annual report on the operations and activities of the Judiciary.
Section 11. The President shall have the right to override any decision made by the Supreme Court of Justice or declare its rulings null and void.
Article VIII
General Provisions
Section 1. (1) This Constitution shall be officially promulgated in English, Thai, Tagalog, and Vietnamese, and translated into each dialect spoken by over five hundred thousand people. In case of conflict, the English text shall prevail.
(2) The National Assembly shall take steps towards the development and formal adoption of a common national language to be known as Maghdese.
(3) Until otherwise provided by law, English, Thai, Tagalog, and Vietnamese shall be the official languages.
Section 2. All public officers and employees and members of the armed forces shall take an oath of loyalty to the President.
Section 3. No elective or appointive public officer or employee shall receive additional or double compensation unless specifically authorized by law, nor accept, without the consent of the National Assembly, any present, emolument, office or title of any kind from any foreign state.
Section 4. (1) All educational institutions shall be under the supervision of and subject to regulation by the State. The State shall establish and maintain a complete, adequate, and integrated system of education relevant to goals of national development.
(2) The study of J.L.ism shall be part of the curricula in all schools.
(3) All educational institutions shall aim to inculcate love of country, teach the duties of citizenship, and develop moral character, personal discipline, and scientific, technological, and vocational efficiency.
Section 5. (1) The State shall promote scientific research and invention pertinent to national defense. The advancement of science and technology for purposes of national defense shall have priority in the national development.
(2) Magdhan culture shall be preserved and developed for national identity.
Section 6. The State shall consider the customs, traditions, beliefs, and interests of national cultural communities in the formulation and implementation of State policies.
Section 7. The State shall establish and maintain an integrated national police force whose organization, administration, and operation, shall be provided by law.
Section 8. (1) The armed forces of Magdha shall include a citizen army composed of all able-bodied citizens of Magdha who shall undergo military training as provided by law. It shall keep a regular force necessary for the security of the State.
(2) The citizen army shall have a corps of trained officers and men in active duty status as may be necessary to train, service, and keep it in reasonable preparedness at all times.
Section 9. The separation of church and state shall be inviolable.
Section 10. The State may not be sued without its consent.
Section 11. The powers not delegated to the national government by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to state or local governments, are reserved to the state and local governments.
Article IX
Amending the Constitution
Section 1. (1) Any amendment to, or revision of, this Constitution may be proposed by the National Assembly upon a vote of three-fourths of all its Members, or by a constitutional convention.
(2) The National Assembly may, by a vote of two-thirds of all its Members, call a constitutional convention, or by a majority vote of all its Members, submit the question of calling such a convention to the electorate in an election.
Section 2. Any amendment to or revision of this Constitution shall be valid when ratified by a majority of the votes cast in the plebiscite which shall be held not later than three months after the approval of such amendment or revision.
Section 3. The President may propose or enact any amendment to the Constitution he wishes, or repeal any amendment thereof.
Article X
Constitutional Amendments
Amendment 1. The right to life of the unborn is sacrosanct and protected by law. Abortion is heretofore proscribed, except when the mother's life depends upon it.
Amendment 2. Marriage shall forever be defined as a contractual civil union between one man and one woman. No other form of "marriage" shall be sanctioned or endorsed by the State or by any religious institution. Marriage between more than two persons, or between persons of the same gender, is forever proscribed.
Amendment 3. Buggery, constituting carnal knowledge of another against the order of nature, is proscribed by law. This includes sodomy, bestiality, incest, pedophilia, and any other form of sexuality that is against legal, cultural, or social norms, or otherwise contrary to human nature.
Amendment 4. Discrimination on the basis of gender, ethnicity, religion, social or economic status, nation of origin, physical or mental condition, etc., by either the State or the public, is prohibited.
Amendment 5. No law shall be passed establishing or regulating wages, prices, or conditions under which businesses may operate, provided businesses do not conduct actions contrary to the law.
Amendment 6. Providing for the health and well-being of others is a moral duty, not a public right. Therefore, no forms of social welfare, of any kind or for any purpose, shall be implemented by the State.
Amendment 7. Citizens may receive exemption from compulsory military service if their religion requires it, and if they agree to provide non-military service in return.
Amendment 8. There shall be a uniform flat poll tax of 1,000 Magdhan dollars, paid by each citizen. All other forms of taxation are proscribed. Those who are unable to pay the tax must provide a form of public service, to be decided at the court's discretion, in return.
Amendment 9. No execution may be carried out without a death warrant signed by the President. The President shall have the power to commute any sentence as he deems necessary.
Amendment 10. All forms of media contrary to norms of public decency and morality may be proscribed by law if the government believes that the public interest warrants it.
Amendment 11. Any organization subscribing to beliefs that constitute extremism or subversion, as defined by the President, shall be banned, and membership of said organization shall be punishable by death.
Preamble
We, the free and sovereign people of Maghda, imploring the aid of Divine Providence, in order to establish a government that shall embody the ideals of the Revolution of June 4, 18 BM, do hereby promulgate this Constitution, that we may secure to ourselves and our posterity the blessings of justice, peace, liberty, and equality as ordained under the enlightened philosophy of Generalissimo J.L.
Article I
Declaration of Principles and State Policies
Section 1. The Revolutionary People's State of Magdha is a republican state which embodies the idea of and guidance by the Father of the Nation, Generalissimo J.L., representing the interests of all the Magdhan people. We recognize and acknowledge that Generalissimo J.L. is the loving father of all our people, and that he loves each of us individually for who we are.
Section 2. There exists a single institution in Magdha, the National Movement for the Cultural and Social Revolution, incarnated by its President, who is ex officio President of the Revolutionary People's State and holds the plenitude of power exercise.
Section 3. J.L.ism, a philosophy incorporating the ideals of Generalissimo J.L. as outlined in the Manifesto of the Revolution and its Principles (http://forums.jolt.co.uk/showpost.php?p=13561961&postcount=1), is a revolutionary force which binds the nation together and provides guidance propitious for the political and spiritual development of the people. J.L.ism shall be the official doctrine of the Nation and its people; deviationism from, and revisionism of, J.L.ism is proscribed.
Section 4. The State shall strengthen the family as a basic social institution. The natural right and duty of parents in the rearing of the youth for civic efficiency and the development of moral character shall receive the support of the government.
Section 5. The State recognizes the vital role of the youth in nation-building and shall promote their physical, intellectual and social well-being.
Section 6. The State shall promote social justice to ensure the dignity, welfare, and security of all the people.
Section 7. The State shall promote the maintenance of traditional values and mores in the interest of providing a stable environment propitious for the development of the spirits and character of the people.
Section 8. The State shall pursue an independent foreign policy. In its relations with other states, the paramount consideration shall be national sovereignty, territorial integrity, national interest, and the right to self-determination.
Section 9. Military authority is at all times supreme over the State.
Article II
Duties and Obligations of Citizens
Section 1. All Magdhan citizens are, from birth, automatically members of the National Movement for the Cultural and Social Revolution. Membership is lifelong, and citizens are obligated to fulfill the Movement's mandate by promoting and adhering to the philosophy of J.L.ism and combatting deviationism and subversion within the Movement.
Section 2. It is the duty of citizens of Magdha to safeguard the unity of the Nation and defend the Revolution.
Section 3. Citizens of Magdha must abide by the Constitution and the law, keep state secrets, observe public order, respect social ethics, and cooperate with the duly constituted authorities in the attainment and preservation of a just and orderly society.
Section 4. The rights of the individual impose upon him the correlative duty to exercise them responsibly and with due regard for the rights of others.
Section 5. It is the duty of citizens of Magdha to safeguard the security, honor, and interests of the Nation; they must not commit acts detrimental to the security, honor, and interests of the Nation.
Section 6. It shall be the obligation of every citizen of Magdha to defend the Nation and resist aggression. It is the honorable duty of citizens to render personal military or civil service in accordance with the law. Citizens shall constantly increase their revolutionary vigilance and devotedly fight for the security of the State.
Section 7. It shall be the obligation of every citizen qualified to vote to register and cast his vote. Suffrage shall be exercised by citizens not otherwise disqualified by law, who are eighteen years of age or over and who shall have resided in Magdha for at least one year and in the place wherein they propose to vote for at least six months preceding the election. A citizen who has been disenfranchised by a Court decision and a person legally certified insane do not have the right to elect or to be elected.
Section 8. It shall be the duty of every citizen to engage in gainful work to assure himself and his family a life worthy of human dignity.
Article III
Bill of Rights
Section 1. Citizens enjoy equal rights in all spheres of State and public activities. The State respects and guarantees human rights. Every citizen is entitled to the rights and at the same time must perform the duties prescribed by the Constitution and the law.
Section 2. No person shall be deprived of life, liberty, or property without due process of law, nor shall any person be denied the equal protection of the laws.
Section 3. The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects against unreasonable searches and seizures of whatever nature and whatever purpose shall not be violated, and no search warrant or warrant of arrest shall issue except upon probable cause to be determined by the judge, or such other responsible officer as maybe authorized by law, except when public safety warrants it.
Section 4. The privacy of communication and correspondence shall be inviolable except in cases where, to meet the needs of state security or of criminal investigation, public security or procuratorial organs are permitted to censor correspondence in accordance with procedures prescribed by law.
Section 5. The liberty of abode and of travel shall not be impaired except upon lawful order of the court, or when necessary in the interest of national security, public safety, or public health.
Section 6. The right to form non-political associations or societies for purposes not contrary to the law shall not be abridged. Citizens are entitled to submit complaints and petitions. Complaints and petitions shall be investigated and dealt with according to procedure and within the period fixed by law.
Section 7. The right of the people to information on matters of public concern shall be recognized. Access to official records, and to documents and papers pertaining to official acts, transactions, or decisions, shall be afforded the citizen subject to such limitations as may be provided by law.
Section 8. No law shall be made respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof. The free exercise and enjoyment of religious profession and worship, without discrimination or preference, is inviolable, excepting religions or cults constituting a threat to public order and safety. No one may make use of religion to engage in activities that disrupt public order, impair the health of citizens, interfere with the educational system of the State, or as a pretext for drawing in foreign forces.
Section 9. No law shall be passed abridging the freedom of speech, or the press, or the right of the people peaceably to assemble and petition the government for redress of grievances, unless the public safety warrants it. Defamatory remarks, insults, or libelous statements about the President are proscribed by law.
Section 10. The right to keep and bear arms for self-defense shall not be infringed except upon lawful order of the court, or when necessary in the interest of national security, public safety, or public health.
Section 11. The right to private property ownership and freedom of commerce is inviolable. Private property shall not be taken for public use without just compensation and written consent of the owner.
Section 12. No law impairing the obligation of contracts shall be passed.
Section 13. No ex post facto law or bill of attainder shall be enacted.
Section 14. No involuntary servitude in any form shall exist except as a punishment for a crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted.
Section 15. No bill of attainder, ex post facto law, or law denying or impairing the right of property in Shooban slaves shall be passed.
Section 16. The privilege of the writ of habeas corpus shall not be suspended except in cases of invasion, insurrection, or rebellion, or imminent danger thereof, when the public safety requires it.
Section 17. All persons, shall have the right to a speedy disposition of their cases in all judicial, quasi-judicial, or administrative bodies.
Section 18. All persons, except those charged with capital offenses when evidence of guilt is strong shall, before conviction, be bailable by sufficient sureties.
Section 19. In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall be presumed innocent until the contrary is proved, and shall enjoy the right to be heard by himself and counsel, to be informed of the nature and cause of the accusation against him, to have a speedy, impartial, and public trial, to meet the witnesses face to face, and to have compulsory process to secure the attendance of witnesses and the production of evidence in his behalf. However, after arraignment, trial may proceed notwithstanding the absence of the accused provided that he has been duly notified and his failure to appear is unjustified.
Section 20. No person shall be compelled to be a witness against himself. Any person under investigation for the commission of an offense shall have the right to remain silent and to counsel, and to be informed of such right.
Section 21. No person shall be twice put in jeopardy of punishment for the same offense. If an act is punished by a law and an ordinance, conviction or acquittal under either shall constitute a bar to another prosecution for the same act.
Section 22. The enumeration in the Constitution, of certain rights, shall not be construed to deny or disparage others retained by the people, unless deemed necessary by the State for reasons pertinent to national security.
Article IV
The President and Vice-President
Section 1. The President shall be the head of state and chief executive of the Revolutionary People's State of Magdha. The President serves for life.
Section 2. The President is immune from suit and impeachment.
Section 3. The President shall have the following duties and functions:
(1) Serve as Commander-in-Chief of the armed forces.
(2) Make treaties; declare war; appoint Vice-President, the First State Commissioner, Cabinet, ambassadors, other public ministers and consuls, judges of the Supreme Court of Justice, the officers of the armed forces, and all other officers whose appointments are not herein otherwise provided for, and which shall be established by law.
(3) Dissolve the National Assembly and call for a general election as provided herein.
(4) Veto any piece of legislation if he so chooses, or override the First State Commissioner's veto.
(5) Declare a State of Emergency and rule by decree if he believes that national security warrants it.
(6) Perform such other duties and functions of State as may be provided by law.
Section 4. (1) The Vice-President shall serve as chief advisor to the President and the First State Commissioner; however, he cannot implement, change, or otherwise affect government policy. The Vice-President holds no executive power and performs only ceremonial duties, serving chiefly as a figurehead.
(2) In the event that the President becomes incapacitated or otherwise unable to carry out his duties, the Vice-President shall assume all presidential functions until the President is able to resume them.
(3) In the event of the President's death, the Vice-President shall become the President.
(4) The Vice-President serves at the pleasure of the President, and the President may remove the Vice-President from office whenever he wishes, for whatever reason he wishes.
Article V
The First State Commissioner and the Cabinet
Section 1. The Executive power shall be exercised by the First State Commissioner with the assistance of the Cabinet. The Cabinet, headed by the First State Commissioner, shall consist of the heads of commissions as provided by law. The First State Commissioner shall be the head of the government.
Section 2. The First State Commissioner and the Cabinet shall be responsible to the President for the program of government and shall determine the guidelines of national policy. The First State Commissioner serves at the pleasure of the President and may be removed by him at any time.
Section 3. The First State Commissioner shall, at the beginning of each regular session of the National Assembly, and from time to time thereafter, present the program of government and recommend for the consideration of the National Assembly such measures as he may deem necessary and proper.
Section 4. The First State Commissioner shall have control of all commissions.
Section 5. The First State Commissioner may, except in cases of impeachment grant reprieves, commutations, and pardons, remit fines and forfeitures after final conviction, and with the concurrence of the President, grant amnesty.
Section 6. The powers not delegated to the President by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it, are reserved to the First State Commissioner.
Article VI
The National Assembly
Section 1. The Legislative power shall be vested in a National Assembly.
Section 2. The National Assembly shall be composed of as many Members as may be provided by law to be appointed among the states, representative districts, and cities in accordance with the number of their respective inhabitants and on the basis of a uniform and progressive ratio. Each district shall comprise, as far as practicable, contiguous, compact, and adjacent territory. Representative districts or states already created or existing at the time of the ratification of this Constitution shall have at least one Member each.
Section 3. (1) The Members of the National Assembly shall be elected by the qualified electors in their respective districts for a term of six years which shall begin, unless otherwise provided by law, at noon on the thirtieth day of June next following their election.
(2) In case the National Assembly is dissolved, the newly elected Members shall serve the unexpired portion of the term from the time the First State Commissioner convenes the Assembly, which shall not be later than thirty days immediately following the elections.
Section 4. No person shall be a Member of the National Assembly unless he is a natural-born citizen of Magdha and, on the day of the election, is at least twenty-five years of age, able to read and write, a registered voter in the district in which he shall be elected, and a resident thereon for a period of not less than one year immediately preceding the day of the election.
Section 5. (1) Unless otherwise provided by law, the regular election of Members of the National Assembly shall be held on the second Monday of May every six years thereafter.
(2) In case a vacancy arises in the National Assembly one year or more before a regular election, the Commission on Elections shall call a special election to be held within sixty days after the vacancy occurs.
Section 6. The National Assembly shall convene once every year on the fourth Monday of July for its regular session, unless a different date is fixed by law, and shall continue to be in session until thirty days before the opening of its next regular session, exclusive of Saturdays, Sundays, and legal holidays. It may recess for periods not exceeding thirty days each, and not more than ninety days during the year. However, it may be called to session at any time by the Prime Minister to consider such subjects or legislation as he may designate.
Section 7. (1) The National Assembly, shall, by a majority vote of all its Members, elect its Speaker from the Members thereof. It shall choose such other officers as it may deem necessary.
(2) A majority of the National Assembly shall constitute a quorum to do business, but a smaller number may adjourn from day to day and may compel the attendance of absent Members in such manner, and under such penalties, as the National Assembly may provide.
(3) The National Assembly may determine the rules of its proceedings, punish its Members for disorderly behavior, and with concurrence of two-thirds of all its Members, suspend or expel a Member, but if the penalty is suspension, this shall not exceed sixty days.
(4) The National Assembly shall keep a Journal of its proceedings, and from time to time publish the same, excepting such parts as may, in its judgment, affect national security; and the yeas and nays on any question shall, at the request of one-fifth of the Members present, be entered in the Journal.
Section 8. (1) Unless otherwise provided by law, each Member of the National Assembly shall receive an annual salary of sixty thousand dollars. The Speaker of the National Assembly shall receive an annual salary of seventy-five thousand dollars. No increase in salary shall take effect until after the expiration of the term of the Members of the National Assembly approving such increase.
(2) The records and books of accounts of the National Assembly shall be open to the public in accordance with law, and such books shall be audited by the Commission on Audit which shall publish annually the itemized expenditures for each Member.
Section 9. A Member of the National Assembly shall, in all offenses punishable by not more than six years imprisonment, be privileged from arrest during his attendance at its sessions, and in going to and returning from the same; but the National Assembly shall surrender the Member involved to the custody of the law within twenty-four hours after its adjournment for a recess or its next session, otherwise such privilege shall cease upon its failure to do so. A Member shall not be questioned or held liable in any other place for any speech or debate in the Assembly or in any committee thereof.
Section 10. No Member of the National Assembly shall appear as counsel before any court inferior to a court with appellate jurisdiction, before any court in any civil case wherein the government, or any subdivision, agency, or instrumentality thereof is the adverse party, or before any administrative body. Neither shall he, directly or indirectly, be interested financially in any contract with, or in any franchise or special privilege granted by, the government, or any subdivision, agency, or instrumentality thereof, including any government-owned or controlled corporation, during his term of office. He shall not intervene in any matter before any office of the government for his pecuniary benefit.
Section 12. (1) There shall be a question hour at least once a month or as often as the rules of the National Assembly may provide, which shall be included in its agenda. Written questions shall be submitted to the Speaker at least three days before a scheduled question hour. Interpellations shall not be limited to the written questions, but may cover matters related thereto. The agenda shall specify the subjects of the question hour. When the security of the State so requires and the First State Commissioner so states in writing, the question hour shall be conducted in executive session.
(2) The National Assembly or any of its committees may conduct inquiries in aid of legislation in accordance with its duly published rules of procedure. The rights of persons appearing in such inquiries shall be respected.
Section 13. (1) The First State Commissioner shall submit to the National Assembly within thirty days from the opening of each regular session, as the basis of the general appropriations bill, a budget of receipts based on existing and proposed revenue measures, and of expenditures. The form, content, and manner of preparation of the budget shall be prescribed by law.
(2) No provision or enactment shall be embraced in the general appropriations bill unless it relates specifically to some particular appropriation therein. Any such provision or enactment shall be limited in its operation to the appropriation to which it relates.
(3) The procedure in approving appropriations for the National Assembly shall strictly follow the procedure for approving appropriations for other departments and agencies.
(4) A special appropriations bill shall specify the purpose for which it is intended, and shall be supported by funds actually available as certified to by the National Treasurer, or to be raised by a corresponding revenue proposal included therein.
No law shall be passed authorizing any transfer of appropriations; however, the First State Commissioner, the Speaker, the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Justice, and the heads of Constitutional Commissions may by law be authorized to augment any item in the general appropriations law for their respective offices from saving in other items of their respective appropriations.
(5) If, by the end of the fiscal year, the National Assembly shall have failed to pass the general appropriations bill for the ensuing fiscal year, the general appropriations law for the preceding fiscal year shall be deemed re-enacted and shall remain in force and effect until the general appropriations bill is passed by the National Assembly.
Section 14. (1) The rule of taxation shall be uniform and equitable.
Section 15. (1) Every bill shall become a law unless it has passed three readings on separate days, and printed copies thereof in its final form have been distributed to the Members three days before its passage, except when the First State Commissioner certifies to the necessity of its immediate enactment to meet a public calamity or emergency. Upon the last reading of a bill, no amendment thereto shall be allowed, and the vote thereon shall be taken immediately thereafter, and the yeas and nays entered in the Journal.
(2) No bill except those of local application shall be calendared without the prior recommendation of the Cabinet.
Section 16. (1) Every bill passed by the National Assembly shall, before it becomes a law, be presented to the First State Commissioner. If he approves the same he shall sign it; otherwise, he shall veto it and return the same with his objections to the National Assembly. The bill may be reconsidered by the National Assembly and, if approved by two-thirds of all its Members, shall become a law. The First State Commissioner shall act on every bill passed by the National Assembly within thirty days after the date of receipt thereof; otherwise, it shall become a law as if he had signed it.
(2) The First State Commissioner shall have the power to veto any particular item or items in appropriation, but the veto shall not affect the item or items to which he does not object.
Article VII
The Supreme Court of Justice
Section 1. The Judicial power shall be vested in one Supreme Court of Justice and in such inferior courts as may be established by law.
Section 2. (1) The Supreme Court of Justice shall be composed of a Chief Justice and fourteen Associate Justices. It may sit en banc or in two divisions.
(2) All cases involving the constitutionality of a law shall be heard and decided by the Supreme Court of Justice en banc, and no law may be declared unconstitutional without the concurrence of at least ten Members. All other cases, which under its rules are required to be heard en banc, shall be decided with the concurrence of at least eight Members.
(3) Cases heard by a division shall be decided with the concurrence of at least five Members, but if such required number is not obtained, the case shall be decided en banc: Provided, that no doctrine or principle of law laid down by the Court in a decision rendered en banc or in a division may be modified or reversed except by the Court sitting en banc.
Section 3. The Members of the Supreme Court of Justice and judges of inferior courts shall be appointed by the President.
Section 4. The Supreme Court of Justice shall have the following powers:
(1) Exercise original jurisdiction over petitions for certiorari, prohibition, mandamus, quo warranto, and habeas corpus.
(2) Review and revise, reverse, modify, or affirm on appeal or certiorari, as the law or the rules of court may provide, final judgments and decrees of inferior courts in:
(a) All cases in which the constitutionality or validity of any law, ordinance, or regulation is in question.
(b) All cases involving the legality of any tax, impost, assessment, or toll, or any penalty imposed in relation thereto.
(c) All cases in which the jurisdiction of any inferior court is in issue.
(d) All criminal cases in which the penalty imposed is death or life imprisonment.
(e) All cases in which only an error or question of law is involved.
(3) Assign temporarily judges of inferior courts to other stations as public interest may require. Such temporary assignment shall not last longer than six months without the consent of the judge concerned.
(4) Order a change of venue or place of trial to avoid a miscarriage of justice.
(5) Promulgate rules concerning pleading, practice, and procedure in all courts, the admission to the practice of law, and the integration of the bar, which, however, may be repealed, altered or supplemented by the National Assembly. Such rules shall provide a simplified and inexpensive procedure for the speedy disposition of cases, shall be uniform for all courts of the same grade, and shall not diminish, increase, or modify substantive rights.
(6) Appoint its officials and employees in accordance with the Civil Service Law.
Section 5. The Supreme Court of Justice shall have administrative supervision over all courts and the personnel thereof.
Section 6. The Members of the Supreme Court of Justice and judges of inferior courts shall hold office during good behavior until they reach the age of seventy years or become incapacitated to discharge the duties of their office. The Supreme Court of Justice shall have the power to discipline judges of inferior courts and, by a vote of at least eight Members, order their dismissal.
Section 7. The conclusions of the Supreme Court in any case submitted to it for decision en banc or in division shall be reached in consultation before the case is assigned to a Member for the writing of opinion of the Court. Any Member dissenting from a decision shall state the reasons for his dissent. The same requirement shall be observed by all inferior collegiate courts.
Section 8. Every decision of a court of record shall clearly and distinctly state the facts and the law on which it is based. The Rules of Court shall govern the promulgation of minute resolutions.
Section 9. (1) Upon the effectivity of this Constitution, the maximum period within which a case or matter shall be decided or resolved from the date of its submission, shall be eighteen months for the Supreme Court of Justice, unless reduced by the Supreme Court of Justice, twelve months for all inferior collegiate courts, and three months for all other inferior courts.
(2) With respect to the Supreme Court of Justice and other collegiate appellate courts, when the applicable maximum period shall have lapsed without the rendition of the corresponding decision or resolution, because the necessary vote cannot be had, the judgment, order, or resolution appealed from shall be deemed affirmed except in those cases where a qualified majority is required and in appeals from judgments of conviction in criminal cases, and in original special civil actions and proceedings for habeas corpus, the petition in such cases shall be deemed dismissed, and a certification to this effect signed by the Chief Magistrate of the court shall be issued and a copy thereof attached to the record of the case.
Section 10. The Supreme Court of Justice shall, within thirty days from the opening of each regular session of the National Assembly, submit to the President, the First State Commissioner, and the National Assembly an annual report on the operations and activities of the Judiciary.
Section 11. The President shall have the right to override any decision made by the Supreme Court of Justice or declare its rulings null and void.
Article VIII
General Provisions
Section 1. (1) This Constitution shall be officially promulgated in English, Thai, Tagalog, and Vietnamese, and translated into each dialect spoken by over five hundred thousand people. In case of conflict, the English text shall prevail.
(2) The National Assembly shall take steps towards the development and formal adoption of a common national language to be known as Maghdese.
(3) Until otherwise provided by law, English, Thai, Tagalog, and Vietnamese shall be the official languages.
Section 2. All public officers and employees and members of the armed forces shall take an oath of loyalty to the President.
Section 3. No elective or appointive public officer or employee shall receive additional or double compensation unless specifically authorized by law, nor accept, without the consent of the National Assembly, any present, emolument, office or title of any kind from any foreign state.
Section 4. (1) All educational institutions shall be under the supervision of and subject to regulation by the State. The State shall establish and maintain a complete, adequate, and integrated system of education relevant to goals of national development.
(2) The study of J.L.ism shall be part of the curricula in all schools.
(3) All educational institutions shall aim to inculcate love of country, teach the duties of citizenship, and develop moral character, personal discipline, and scientific, technological, and vocational efficiency.
Section 5. (1) The State shall promote scientific research and invention pertinent to national defense. The advancement of science and technology for purposes of national defense shall have priority in the national development.
(2) Magdhan culture shall be preserved and developed for national identity.
Section 6. The State shall consider the customs, traditions, beliefs, and interests of national cultural communities in the formulation and implementation of State policies.
Section 7. The State shall establish and maintain an integrated national police force whose organization, administration, and operation, shall be provided by law.
Section 8. (1) The armed forces of Magdha shall include a citizen army composed of all able-bodied citizens of Magdha who shall undergo military training as provided by law. It shall keep a regular force necessary for the security of the State.
(2) The citizen army shall have a corps of trained officers and men in active duty status as may be necessary to train, service, and keep it in reasonable preparedness at all times.
Section 9. The separation of church and state shall be inviolable.
Section 10. The State may not be sued without its consent.
Section 11. The powers not delegated to the national government by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to state or local governments, are reserved to the state and local governments.
Article IX
Amending the Constitution
Section 1. (1) Any amendment to, or revision of, this Constitution may be proposed by the National Assembly upon a vote of three-fourths of all its Members, or by a constitutional convention.
(2) The National Assembly may, by a vote of two-thirds of all its Members, call a constitutional convention, or by a majority vote of all its Members, submit the question of calling such a convention to the electorate in an election.
Section 2. Any amendment to or revision of this Constitution shall be valid when ratified by a majority of the votes cast in the plebiscite which shall be held not later than three months after the approval of such amendment or revision.
Section 3. The President may propose or enact any amendment to the Constitution he wishes, or repeal any amendment thereof.
Article X
Constitutional Amendments
Amendment 1. The right to life of the unborn is sacrosanct and protected by law. Abortion is heretofore proscribed, except when the mother's life depends upon it.
Amendment 2. Marriage shall forever be defined as a contractual civil union between one man and one woman. No other form of "marriage" shall be sanctioned or endorsed by the State or by any religious institution. Marriage between more than two persons, or between persons of the same gender, is forever proscribed.
Amendment 3. Buggery, constituting carnal knowledge of another against the order of nature, is proscribed by law. This includes sodomy, bestiality, incest, pedophilia, and any other form of sexuality that is against legal, cultural, or social norms, or otherwise contrary to human nature.
Amendment 4. Discrimination on the basis of gender, ethnicity, religion, social or economic status, nation of origin, physical or mental condition, etc., by either the State or the public, is prohibited.
Amendment 5. No law shall be passed establishing or regulating wages, prices, or conditions under which businesses may operate, provided businesses do not conduct actions contrary to the law.
Amendment 6. Providing for the health and well-being of others is a moral duty, not a public right. Therefore, no forms of social welfare, of any kind or for any purpose, shall be implemented by the State.
Amendment 7. Citizens may receive exemption from compulsory military service if their religion requires it, and if they agree to provide non-military service in return.
Amendment 8. There shall be a uniform flat poll tax of 1,000 Magdhan dollars, paid by each citizen. All other forms of taxation are proscribed. Those who are unable to pay the tax must provide a form of public service, to be decided at the court's discretion, in return.
Amendment 9. No execution may be carried out without a death warrant signed by the President. The President shall have the power to commute any sentence as he deems necessary.
Amendment 10. All forms of media contrary to norms of public decency and morality may be proscribed by law if the government believes that the public interest warrants it.
Amendment 11. Any organization subscribing to beliefs that constitute extremism or subversion, as defined by the President, shall be banned, and membership of said organization shall be punishable by death.