NationStates Jolt Archive


Peoples Republic of China (E5, Factbook)

Tristan Providence
18-02-2008, 19:46
http://www.essex.ac.uk/armedcon/images/country/headings/flags/china_flag_large.bmp

Peoples Republic of China

History:

"On October 1, 1949, the People's Republic of China was formally established, with its national capital at Beijing. "The Chinese people have stood up!" declared Mao as he announced the creation of a "people's democratic dictatorship." The people were defined as a coalition of four social classes: the workers, the peasants, the petite bourgeoisie, and the national-capitalists. The four classes were to be led by the CCP, as the vanguard of the working class. At that time the CCP claimed a membership of 4.5 million, of which members of peasant origin accounted for nearly 90 percent. The party was under Mao's chairmanship, and the government was headed by Zhou Enlai ( 1898-1976) as premier of the State Administrative Council (the predecessor of the State Council).

The Soviet Union recognized the People's Republic on October 2, 1949. Earlier in the year, Mao had proclaimed his policy of "leaning to one side" as a commitment to the socialist bloc. In February 1950, after months of hard bargaining, China and the Soviet Union signed the Treaty of Friendship, Alliance, and Mutual Assistance, valid until 1980. The pact also was intended to counter Japan or any power's joining Japan for the purpose of aggression.

For the first time in decades a Chinese government was met with peace, instead of massive military opposition, within its territory. The new leadership was highly disciplined and, having a decade of wartime administrative experience to draw on, was able to embark on a program of national integration and reform. In the first year of Communist administration, moderate social and economic policies were implemented with skill and effectiveness. The leadership realized that the overwhelming and multitudinous task of economic reconstruction and achievement of political and social stability required the goodwill and cooperation of all classes of people. Results were impressive by any standard, and popular support was widespread."- www-chaos.umd.edu


CONSTITUTION OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7e/National_Emblem_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.png

China is one of the countries with the longest histories in the world. The people of all nationalities in China have jointly created a splendid culture and have a glorious revolutionary tradition. Feudal China was gradually reduced after 1840 to a semi-colonial and semi-feudal country. The Chinese people waged wave upon wave of heroic struggles for national independence and liberation and for democracy and freedom. Great and earth-shaking historical changes have taken place in China in the 20th century. The Revolution of 1911, led by Dr Sun Yat-sen, abolished the feudal monarchy and gave birth to the Republic of China. But the Chinese people had yet to fulfil their historical task of overthrowing imperialism and feudalism. After waging hard, protracted and tortuous struggles, armed and otherwise, the Chinese people of all nationalities led by the Communist Party of China with Chairman Mao Zedong as its leader ultimately, in 1949, overthrew the rule of imperialism, feudalism and bureaucrat capitalism, won the great victory of the new-democratic revolution and founded the People's Republic of China. Thereupon the Chinese people took state power into their own hands and became masters of the country.

After the founding of the People's Republic, the transition of Chinese society from a new- democratic to a socialist society was effected step by step. The socialist transformation of the private ownership of the means of production was completed, the system of exploitation of man by man eliminated and the socialist system established. The people's democratic dictatorship led by the working class and based on the alliance of workers and peasants, which is in essence the dictatorship of the proletariat, has been consolidated and developed. The Chinese people and the Chinese People's Liberation Army have thwarted aggression, sabotage and armed provocations by imperialists and hegemonists,safeguarded China's national independence and security and strengthened its national defence. Major successes have been achieved in economic development. An independent and fairly comprehensive socialist system of industry has in the main been established. There has been a marked increase in agricultural production. Significant progress has been made in educational, scientific, cultural and other undertakings, and socialist ideological education has yielded noteworthy results. The living standards of the people have improved considerably. Both the victory of China's new-democratic revolution and the successes of its socialist cause have been achieved by the Chinese people of all nationalities under the leadership of the Communist Party of China and the guidance of Marxism-Leninism and Mao Zedong Thought, and by upholding truth, correcting errors and overcoming numerous difficulties and hardships.

The basic task of the nation in the years to come is to concentrate its effort on socialist modernization. Under the leadership of the Communist Party of China and the guidance of Marxism- Leninism and Mao ZedongThought, the Chinese people of all nationalities will continue to adhere to the people's democratic dictatorship and follow the socialist road, steadily improve socialist institutions, develop socialist democracy, improve the socialist legal system and work hard and self-reliantly to modernize industry, agriculture, national defence and science and technology step by step to turn China into a socialist country with a high level of culture and democracy. The exploiting classes as such have been eliminated in our country. However, class struggle will continue to exist within certain limits for a long time to come. The Chinese people must fight against those forces and elements, both at home and abroad, that are hostile to China's socialist system and try to undermine it. Taiwan is part of the sacred territory of the People's Republic of China. It is the lofty duty of the entire Chinese people, including our compatriots in Taiwan, to accomplish the great task of reunifying the motherland. In building socialism it is imperative to rely on the workers, peasants and intellectuals and unite with all the forces that can be united. In the long years of revolution and construction, there has been formed under the leadership of the Communist Party of China a broad patriotic united front that is composed of democratic parties and people's organizations and embraces all socialist working people, all patriots who support socialism and all patriots who stand for reunification of the motherland. This united front will continue to be consolidated and developed. The Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference is a broadly representative organization of the united front, which has played a significant historical role and will continue to do so in the political and social life of the country, in promoting friendship with the people of other countries and in the struggle for socialist modernization and for the reunification and unity of the country. The People's Republic of China is a unitary multi-national state built up jointly by the people of all its nationalities. Socialist relations of equality, unity and mutual assistance have been established among them and will continue to be strengthened. In the struggle to safeguard the unity of the nationalities, it is necessary to combat big-nation chauvinism, mainly Han chauvinism, and also necessary to combat local-national chauvinism. The state does its utmost to promote the common prosperity of all nationalities in the country. China's achievements in revolution and construction are inseparable from support by the people of the world. The future of China is closely linked with that of the whole world. China adheres to an independent foreign policy as well as to the five principles of mutual respect for sovereignty and territorial integrity, mutual non-aggression, non-interference in each other's internal affairs, equality and mutual benefit, and peaceful coexistence in developing diplomatic relations and economic and cultural exchanges with other countries; China consistently opposes imperialism, hegemonism and colonialism, works to strengthen unity with the people of other countries, supports the oppressed nations and the developing countries in their just struggle to win and preserve national independence and develop their national economies, and strives to safeguard world peace and promote the cause of human progress. This Constitution affirms the achievements of the struggles of the Chinese people of all nationalities and defines the basic system and basic tasks of the state in legal form; it is the fundamental law of the state and has supreme legal authority. The people of all nationalities, all state organs, the armed forces, all political parties and public organizations and all enterprises and undertakings in the country must take the Constitution as the basic norm of conduct, and they have the duty to uphold the dignity of the Constitution and ensure its implementation.
Tristan Providence
18-02-2008, 19:46
http://i220.photobucket.com/albums/dd199/jamessavvy/chinese_map-4.gif

Facts:

Climate: extremely diverse; tropical in south to subarctic in north
Terrain: mostly mountains, high plateaus, deserts in west; plains, deltas, and hills in east
Elevation extremes: lowest point: Turpan Pendi -154 m
highest point: Mount Everest 8,850 m
Natural resources: coal, iron ore, petroleum, natural gas, mercury, tin, tungsten, antimony, manganese, molybdenum, vanadium, magnetite, aluminum, lead, zinc, uranium, hydropower potential (world's largest)
Land use:arable land: 14.86%
permanent crops: 1.27%
other: 83.87% (2005)
Irrigated land: 545,960 sq km (2003)
Natural hazards: frequent typhoons (about five per year along southern and eastern coasts); damaging floods; tsunamis; earthquakes; droughts; land subsidence
Environment - current issues: air pollution (greenhouse gases, sulfur dioxide particulates) from reliance on coal produces acid rain; water shortages, particularly in the north; water pollution from untreated wastes; deforestation; estimated loss of one-fifth of agricultural land since 1949 to soil erosion and economic development; desertification; trade in endangered species
Population: 1,321,851,888
Age structure:
0-14 years: 20.4% (male 143,527,634/female 126,607,344)
15-64 years: 71.7% (male 487,079,770/female 460,596,384)
65 years and over: 7.9% (male 49,683,856/female 54,356,900) (2007 est.)
Median age:
total: 33.2 years
male: 32.7 years
female: 33.7 years (2007 est.)
Population growth rate: 0.606% (2007 est.)
Birth rate:13.45 births/1,000 population (2007 est.)
Death rate: 7 deaths/1,000 population (2007 est.)
Net migration rate: -0.39 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2007 est.)
Sex ratio:
at birth: 1.11 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.134 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 1.057 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.914 male(s)/female
total population: 1.06 male(s)/female (2007 est.)
Infant mortality rate:
total: 22.12 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 20.01 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 24.47 deaths/1,000 live births (2007 est.)
Life expectancy at birth:
total population: 72.88 years
male: 71.13 years
female: 74.82 years (2007 est.)
Total fertility rate:
1.75 children born/woman (2007 est.)
HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate: 0.1% (2003 est.)
HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS: 840,000 (2003 est.)
HIV/AIDS - deaths: 44,000 (2003 est.)
Nationality:
noun: Chinese (singular and plural)
adjective: Chinese
Ethnic groups:
Han Chinese 91.9%, Zhuang, Uygur, Hui, Yi, Tibetan, Miao, Manchu, Mongol, Buyi, Korean, and other nationalities 8.1%
Religions:
Daoist (Taoist), Buddhist, Christian 3%-4%, Muslim 1%-2%
note: officially atheist (2002 est.)
Languages:
Standard Chinese or Mandarin (Putonghua, based on the Beijing dialect), Yue (Cantonese), Wu (Shanghainese), Minbei (Fuzhou), Minnan (Hokkien-Taiwanese), Xiang, Gan, Hakka dialects, minority languages (see Ethnic groups entry)
Literacy:
definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 90.9%
male: 95.1%
female: 86.5% (2000 census)
Tristan Providence
18-02-2008, 19:47
Government:

Country name:
conventional long form: People's Republic of China
conventional short form: China
local long form: Zhonghua Renmin Gongheguo
local short form: Zhongguo
abbreviation: PRC
Government type: Communist state
Capital:
name: Beijing
geographic coordinates: 39 55 N, 116 23 E
time difference: UTC+8
National holiday: Anniversary of the Founding of the People's Republic of China, 1 October (1949)
Legal system:
based on civil law system; derived from Soviet and continental civil code legal principles; legislature retains power to interpret statutes; constitution ambiguous on judicial review of legislation; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Executive branch:
Chief of state: President Ming Ping
Head of government: Premier Tu Bai
Tristan Providence
18-02-2008, 19:47
Economy:

"Despite China's size, the abundance of its resources, and having about 20 percent of the world's population living within its borders, its role in the world economy traditionally has been relatively small. Since the late 1970s, however, the Chinese government has reformed the economy from a Soviet-type centrally planned economy that was largely closed to international trade to a more market-oriented economy that has a rapidly growing private sector and is a major player in the global economy. Since being introduced, these reforms have helped lift millions of its citizens out of poverty, bringing the poverty rate down from 53% in 1981 to 8% in 2001. This economic system has been called "Socialism with Chinese characteristics" and can be considered as a type of mixed economy. Only about a third of the economy is now directly state-controlled. As of 2005, 70% of China's GDP was in the private sector. The smaller public sector was dominated by about 200 large state enterprises concentrated mostly in utilities, heavy industries, and energy resources.

Since the late 1970s and early 1980s, the economic reforms initially began with the shift of farming work to a system of household responsibility to start the phase out of collectivized agriculture, and later expanded to include the gradual liberalization of prices; fiscal decentralization; increased autonomy for state enterprises that increased the authority of local government officials and plant managers in industry thereby permitting a wide variety of private enterprise in services and light manufacturing; the foundation of a diversified banking system; the development of stock markets; the rapid growth of the non-state sector, and the opening of the economy to increased foreign trade and foreign investment. China has generally implemented reforms in a gradualist fashion, including the sale of equity in China's largest state banks to foreign investors and refinements in foreign exchange and bond markets in mid-2000s. As its role in world trade has steadily grown, its importance to the international economy has also increased apace. China's foreign trade has grown faster than its GDP for the past 25 years. The government's decision to permit China to be used by multinational corporations as an export platform has made the country a major competitor to other Asian export-led economies, such as South Korea, Singapore, and Malaysia." WikiPedia

Gross Domestic Product: $31,758,315,338,654.46

Income Tax Rate: 34%

Administration: $1,536,746,812,175.63
Social Welfare: $0
Healthcare: $614,698,724,870.25
Education: $153,674,681,217.56
Religion & Spirituality: $0
Defence: $3,841,867,030,439.07
Law & Order: $6,454,336,611,137.64
Commerce: $1,690,421,493,393.19
Public Transport: $1,075,722,768,522.93
The Environment: $0
Social Equality: $0
Tristan Providence
18-02-2008, 19:48
People's Liberation Army

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Roundel_of_the_Peoples_Liberation_Army_Air_Force.svg/800px-Roundel_of_the_Peoples_Liberation_Army_Air_Force.svg.png

Total Manpower: 2,370,000 Personal

Military Facilities (http://www.sinodefence.com/organisation/facilities/default.asp)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e9/China_military_regions.jpg

Defense Budegt:

Total: $3,841,867,030,439.07

Total PLAN Upkeep: $480,000,000,000
Total PLAGF Upkeep: $520,000,000,000
Total PLAAF Upkeep: $424,863,605,608
Total PLASAC Upkeep: $155,000,000,000
Total: PLATC Upkeep: $406,675,576,831.07
Research And Development: $555,163,924,000
*Project Night Light Program (ARMT)
*Carrier Development Program (Dalian Shipyard) (http://forums.jolt.co.uk/showpost.php?p=13433680&postcount=134)
*J-13 4th Next-Generation Fighter Aircraft Program (Chengdu Aircraft Design)
*J-12 4th Next-Generation Fighter Aircraft Program (Shenyang) (http://forums.jolt.co.uk/showpost.php?p=13474882&postcount=146)
*Digitised Army Programme (NORINCO) (http://www.sinodefence.com/electronics/c3i/digitisedarmy.asp)
*Future Military Transport Aircraft Programme (http://forums.jolt.co.uk/showpost.php?p=13474802&postcount=145)
* Splash Down Program
*Future Bomber Program
*Luyang-III Program
Personal Cost: $1,100,163,924,000, $464,204.19 Per Solider
Production Budget: $100,000,000,000 Total, Used: $17,486,600,000

Still Under Construction:
13 Type 094 Jin Class Nuclear-Powered Missile Submarine
14 Type 093 Shang Class Nuclear-Powered Attack Submarine
5 Type 071 Landing Platform Dock
5 Type 052C Luyang-II Class Missile Destroyer
Tristan Providence
18-02-2008, 19:49
People's Liberation Army Ground Force

http://content.answers.com/main/content/wp/en-commons/thumb/1/12/200px-Ground_Force_Flag_of_the_People's_Republic_of_China.svg.png

Total Manpower: 1,610,000


Beijing Military Region (http://forums.jolt.co.uk/showpost.php?p=13387049&postcount=88)
Shenyang Military Region (http://forums.jolt.co.uk/showpost.php?p=13387851&postcount=92)
Jinan Military Region (http://forums.jolt.co.uk/showpost.php?p=13388070&postcount=96)
Lanzhou Military Region (http://forums.jolt.co.uk/showpost.php?p=13388319&postcount=100)
Nanjing Military Region (http://forums.jolt.co.uk/showpost.php?p=13388363&postcount=103)
Guangzhou Military Region (http://forums.jolt.co.uk/showpost.php?p=13388480&postcount=107)
Chengdu Military Region (http://forums.jolt.co.uk/showpost.php?p=13388542&postcount=110)
Tristan Providence
18-02-2008, 19:49
Peoples Liberation Army Air Force

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Air_Force_Flag_of_the_People's_Republic_of_China.svg/200px-Air_Force_Flag_of_the_People's_Republic_of_China.svg.png

Total Manpower: 202,000 Personal

PLAAF HQ (http://forums.jolt.co.uk/showpost.php?p=13388696&postcount=113)
Shenyang Military Region Air Force (http://forums.jolt.co.uk/showpost.php?p=13388748&postcount=114)
Beijing Military Region Air Force (http://forums.jolt.co.uk/showpost.php?p=13389225&postcount=115)
Lanzhou Military Region Air Force (http://forums.jolt.co.uk/showpost.php?p=13389241&postcount=116)
Jinan Military Region Air Force (http://forums.jolt.co.uk/showpost.php?p=13389269&postcount=117)
Nanjing Military Region Air Force (http://forums.jolt.co.uk/showpost.php?p=13389288&postcount=118)
Guangzhou Military Region Air Force (http://forums.jolt.co.uk/showpost.php?p=13389311&postcount=119)
Chengdu Military Region Air Force (http://forums.jolt.co.uk/showpost.php?p=13389320&postcount=120)
Tristan Providence
18-02-2008, 19:52
Peoples Liberation Army Navy

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Naval_Ensign_of_the_People's_Republic_of_China.svg/200px-Naval_Ensign_of_the_People's_Republic_of_China.svg.png

Total Manpower: 276,000 Personal

North Pacific Fleet (http://forums.jolt.co.uk/showpost.php?p=13390503&postcount=122)
Indian Fleet (http://forums.jolt.co.uk/showpost.php?p=13391059&postcount=123)
South Pacific Fleet (http://forums.jolt.co.uk/showpost.php?p=13391145&postcount=124)
Tristan Providence
18-02-2008, 19:52
Second Artillery Corps

http://i220.photobucket.com/albums/dd199/jamessavvy/200px-Air_Force_Flag_of_the_Peoples.png

Total Manpower: 100,000

Base 51 (Shenyang) (http://forums.jolt.co.uk/showpost.php?p=13391635&postcount=125)
Base 52 (Qimen) (http://forums.jolt.co.uk/showpost.php?p=13391642&postcount=126)
Base 53 (Kunming) (http://forums.jolt.co.uk/showpost.php?p=13391652&postcount=126)
Base 54 (Luoyang) (http://forums.jolt.co.uk/showpost.php?p=13391659&postcount=127)
Base 55 (Huaihua) (http://forums.jolt.co.uk/showpost.php?p=13391662&postcount=129)
Base 56 (Xining) (http://forums.jolt.co.uk/showpost.php?p=13391665&postcount=130)
Tristan Providence
18-02-2008, 19:53
People's Liberation Army Tianlong Corps

http://i220.photobucket.com/albums/dd199/jamessavvy/200px-Naval_Ensign_of_the_Peoples_R.png

PLATC Total Manpower: 113,000 Personal


PLATC HQ (http://forums.jolt.co.uk/showpost.php?p=13476208&postcount=147)
1st Expeditionary Force (http://forums.jolt.co.uk/showpost.php?p=13412370&postcount=131)
2nd Expeditionary Force (http://forums.jolt.co.uk/showpost.php?p=13412391&postcount=132)
3rd Expeditionary Force (http://forums.jolt.co.uk/showpost.php?p=13412397&postcount=133)
Tristan Providence
18-02-2008, 19:53
People's Armed Police

http://www.sinodefence.com/organisation/armedpolice/images/introduction_03.jpg

Total PAP Manpower: 670,000 Personal

People's Armed Police Beijing General Corps (http://forums.jolt.co.uk/showpost.php?p=13465483&postcount=135)
People's Armed Police Internal Guards (http://forums.jolt.co.uk/showpost.php?p=13465498&postcount=136)
People's Armed Police Border Guards (http://forums.jolt.co.uk/showpost.php?p=13465537&postcount=137)
People's Armed Police Guards (http://forums.jolt.co.uk/showpost.php?p=13465546&postcount=138)
People's Armed Police Coast Guard (http://forums.jolt.co.uk/showpost.php?p=13465569&postcount=139)
People's Armed Police Fire Fighting Force (http://forums.jolt.co.uk/showpost.php?p=13466172&postcount=144)
People's Armed Police Hydropower Corps (http://forums.jolt.co.uk/showpost.php?p=13466168&postcount=143)
People's Armed Police Gold Corps (http://forums.jolt.co.uk/showpost.php?p=13466164&postcount=142)
People's Armed Police Transportation Corps (http://forums.jolt.co.uk/showpost.php?p=13466159&postcount=141)
People's Armed Police Forestry Corps (http://forums.jolt.co.uk/showpost.php?p=13466156&postcount=140)
Tristan Providence
18-02-2008, 19:55
reserved2