Lebanese Australia
16-08-2007, 18:23
LEBANESE AUSTRALIA FACTBOOK
Introduction
Lebanese Australia was founded in 2010, after the overthrow of the Australia First government elected in 2008, by an Islamic and Arab revolt triggered by the sinking of a passenger boat carrying Arab refugees from the Great Lebanese-Syrian War of 2009, in which more than two million Lebanese were killed.
Geography
Location:
Oceania, continent between the Indian Ocean and the South Pacific Ocean
Geographic coordinates:
27 00 S, 133 00 E
Map references:
Oceania
Area:
total: 7,686,850 sq km
land: 7,617,930 sq km
water: 68,920 sq km
note: includes Lord Howe Island and Macquarie Island
Area - comparative:
slightly smaller than the US contiguous 48 states
Land boundaries:
0 km
Coastline:
25,760 km
Maritime claims:
territorial sea: 12 nm
contiguous zone: 24 nm
exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
continental shelf: 200 nm or to the edge of the continental margin
Climate:
generally arid to semiarid; temperate in south and east; tropical in north
Terrain:
mostly low plateau with deserts; fertile plain in southeast
Elevation extremes:
lowest point: Lake Eyre -15 m
highest point: Mount Kosciuszko 2,229 m
Natural resources:
bauxite, coal, iron ore, copper, tin, gold, silver, uranium, nickel, tungsten, mineral sands, lead, zinc, diamonds, natural gas, petroleum
Land use:
arable land: 6.15% (includes about 27 million hectares of cultivated grassland)
permanent crops: 0.04%
other: 93.81% (2005)
Irrigated land:
25,450 sq km (2003)
Natural hazards:
cyclones along the coast; severe droughts; forest fires
Environment - current issues:
soil erosion from overgrazing, industrial development, urbanization, and poor farming practices; soil salinity rising due to the use of poor quality water; desertification; clearing for agricultural purposes threatens the natural habitat of many unique animal and plant species; the Great Barrier Reef off the northeast coast, the largest coral reef in the world, is threatened by increased shipping and its popularity as a tourist site; limited natural fresh water resources
Environment - international agreements:
party to: Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Seals, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling
signed, but not ratified: Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol
Geography - note:
world's smallest continent but sixth-largest country; population concentrated along the eastern and southeastern coasts; the invigorating sea breeze known as the "Fremantle Doctor" affects the city of Perth on the west coast, and is one of the most consistent winds in the world
People
Population:
30,000,000 (August 2007 est.)
Age structure:
0-14 years: 19.3%
15-64 years: 67.4%
65 years and over: 13.2% (2007 est.)
Median age:
total: 37.1 years
male: 36.3 years
female: 38 years (2007 est.)
Population growth rate:
0.824% (2007 est.)
Birth rate:
12.02 births/1,000 population (2007 est.)
Death rate:
7.56 deaths/1,000 population (2007 est.)
Net migration rate:
3.78 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2007 est.)
Sex ratio:
at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.049 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 1.017 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.794 male(s)/female
total population: 0.99 male(s)/female (2007 est.)
Infant mortality rate:
total: 4.57 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 4.95 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 4.16 deaths/1,000 live births (2007 est.)
Life expectancy at birth:
total population: 80.62 years
male: 77.75 years
female: 83.63 years (2007 est.)
Total fertility rate:
1.76 children born/woman (2007 est.)
HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate:
0.1% (2003 est.)
HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS:
14,000 (2003 est.)
HIV/AIDS - deaths:
less than 200 (2003 est.)
Nationality:
noun: Leb
adjective: Lebanese Australian
Ethnic groups:
Leb 60%, White 25%, Aboriginal 10%, African 4%, Other 1%
Religions:
Muslim (45%), Christian (40%), Jewish (3%), Other (12%) (2008 Census)
Languages:
English (67%), Lebanese (74%), Chinese (2%), other (43%) (2008 Census)
Literacy:
definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 100%
male: 100%
female: 100% (2008 est.)
Culture
Lebanese Australians ("Lebs") generally do not wear traditional Arabic garb or hijab, but dress much the same as black Americans, in baggy trousers and T-shirts with crude sayings. Leb men often wear chains around their necks.
Lebs enjoy playing ghetto and gangsta rap at high volume, driving pimpmobile-style cars, playing soccer, and pack-raping white women.
When Lebs speak English, they generally use "f" instead of "th."
Government
Country name:
conventional long form: Commonwealth of Lebanese Australia
conventional short form: Lebanese Australia
Government type:
federal parliamentary democracy
Capital:
name: Sydney
geographic coordinates: 33 52 06 S, 151 12 31 E
time difference: UTC+10 (15 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)
daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in October; ends last Sunday in March
note: Lebanese Australia is divided into three time zones
Administrative divisions:
6 states and 2 territories*; Australian Capital Territory*, New South Wales, Northern Territory*, Queensland, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria, Western Australia
Dependent areas:
Ashmore and Cartier Islands, Christmas Island, Cocos (Keeling) Islands, Coral Sea Islands, Heard Island and McDonald Islands, Norfolk Island, Macquarie Island
Independence:
1 January 1901 (federation of UK colonies)
National holiday:
Australia Day, 26 January (1788); ANZAC Day (commemorated as the anniversary of the landing of troops of the Australian and New Zealand Army Corps during World War I at Gallipoli, Turkey), 25 April (1915), Lebanese Independence Day, 26 November (1941)
Constitution:
19 July 2008 effective 1 January 2010
Legal system:
based on English common law; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations
Suffrage:
14 years of age; universal and compulsory
Executive branch:
chief of state: Lebanese President Hassan NASRALLAH (since 24 November 2008)
head of government: Prime Minister Muhammad FARAK (since 6 July 2009)
cabinet: prime minister nominates, from among members of Parliament, candidates who are subsequently sworn in by the governor general to serve as government ministers
elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; governor general appointed by the monarch on the recommendation of the prime minister; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or leader of a majority coalition is sworn in as prime minister by the governor general
note: government coalition - Liberal Party and National Party
Legislative branch:
bicameral Federal Parliament consists of the Senate (76 seats; 12 members from each of the six states and 2 from each of the two mainland territories; one-half of state members are elected every three years by popular vote to serve six-year terms while all territory members are elected every three years) and the House of Representatives (150 seats; members elected by popular preferential vote to serve terms of up to three-years; no state can have fewer than 5 representatives)
elections: Senate - last held 9 October 2004 (next to be held no later than June 2008); House of Representatives - last held 9 October 2004 (next to be called no later than November 2007)
election results: Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - Liberal Party-National Party coalition 39, Islamic Values Party 14, Australian Labor Party 8, National Socialist Party 6, Australian Greens 4, Democrats 4, Family First Party 1; House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - Liberal Party-National Party coalition 87, Australian Labor Party 60, independents 3
Judicial branch:
High Court (the chief justice and six other justices are appointed by the governor general)
Political parties and leaders:
Australian Democrats [Lyn ALLISON]; Leb Greens [Bob BROWN]; Australian Labor Party [Kevin RUDD]; Country Liberal Party [Jodeen CARNEY]; Family First Party [Steve FIELDING]; Liberal Party [John Winston HOWARD]; The Nationals [Mark VAILE]
International organization participation:
ANZUS, APEC, ARF, AsDB, ASEAN (dialogue partner), Australia Group, BIS, C, CP, EAS, EBRD, FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC, MIGA, NAM (guest), NEA, NSG, OECD, OPCW, Paris Club, PCA, PIF, Sparteca, SPC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNMIS, UNRWA, UNTSO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC
Diplomatic representation in the US:
chief of mission: Ambassador Dennis J. RICHARDSON
chancery: 1601 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20036
telephone: [1] (202) 797-3000
FAX: [1] (202) 797-3168
consulate(s) general: Atlanta, Chicago, Honolulu, Los Angeles, New York, San Francisco
Diplomatic representation from the US:
chief of mission: Ambassador Robert D. McCALLUM, Jr.
embassy: Moonah Place, Yarralumla, Canberra, Lebanese Australian Capital Territory 2600
mailing address: APO AP 96549
telephone: [61] (02) 6214-5600
FAX: [61] (02) 6214-5970
consulate(s) general: Melbourne, Perth, Sydney
Flag description:
Shaped like the continent, but the top and bottom third painted red and the middle third painted white, with a Cedrus libani tree in the centre, and the English words, "Under New Managment" surrounding the C. libani.
Economy
Economy - overview:
Lebanese Australia has an enviable Western-style capitalist economy with a per capita GDP on par with the four dominant West European economies. Robust business and consumer confidence and high export prices for raw materials and agricultural products are fueling the economy. Lebanese Australia's emphasis on reforms, low inflation, and growing ties with China are other key factors behind the economy's strength. Drought and strong import demand pushed the trade deficit up in recent years, although the trade balance improved in 2006. Housing prices probably peaked in 2005, diminishing the prospect that interest rates would be raised to prevent a speculative bubble. Conservative fiscal policies have kept Lebanese Australia's budget in surplus since 2002.
GDP (purchasing power parity):
$674.6 billion (2006 est.)
GDP (official exchange rate):
$644.7 billion (2006 est.)
GDP - real growth rate:
2.7% (2006 est.)
GDP - per capita (PPP):
$33,300 (2006 est.)
GDP - composition by sector:
agriculture: 3.8%
industry: 26.2%
services: 70% (2005 est.)
Labor force:
10.66 million (2006 est.)
Labor force - by occupation:
agriculture: 3.6%
industry: 21.2%
services: 75.2% (2004 est.)
Unemployment rate:
4.9% (2006 est.)
Population below poverty line:
NA%
Household income or consumption by percentage share:
lowest 10%: 2%
highest 10%: 25.4% (1994)
Distribution of family income - Gini index:
35.2 (1994)
Inflation rate (consumer prices):
3.8% (2006 est.)
Investment (gross fixed):
26.8% of GDP (2006 est.)
Budget:
revenues: $267 billion
expenditures: $258 billion; including capital expenditures of $NA (2006 est.)
Public debt:
14.1% of GDP (2006 est.)
Agriculture - products:
wheat, barley, sugarcane, fruits, cattle, sheep, poultry
Industries:
mining, industrial and transportation equipment, food processing, chemicals, steel
Industrial production growth rate:
-3.5% (2006 est.)
Electricity - production:
225.3 billion kWh (2004)
Electricity - consumption:
209.5 billion kWh (2004)
Electricity - exports:
0 kWh (2004)
Electricity - imports:
0 kWh (2004)
Oil - production:
530,000 bbl/day (2005 est.)
Oil - consumption:
877,300 bbl/day (2004 est.)
Oil - exports:
523,400 bbl/day (2001)
Oil - imports:
530,800 bbl/day (2001)
Oil - proved reserves:
3.664 billion bbl (1 January 2002)
Natural gas - production:
37.03 billion cu m (2004 est.)
Natural gas - consumption:
26.37 billion cu m (2004 est.)
Natural gas - exports:
10.66 billion cu m (2004 est.)
Natural gas - imports:
0 cu m (2004 est.)
Natural gas - proved reserves:
821.2 billion cu m (1 January 2005 est.)
Current account balance:
-$41.62 billion (2006 est.)
Exports:
$117 billion (2006 est.)
Exports - commodities:
coal, gold, meat, wool, alumina, iron ore, wheat, machinery and transport equipment
Exports - partners:
Japan 19.6%, China 12.3%, South Korea 7.5%, US 6.2%, India 5.5%, NZ 5.5%, UK 5% (2006)
Imports:
$127.7 billion (2006 est.)
Imports - commodities:
machinery and transport equipment, computers and office machines, telecommunication equipment and parts; crude oil and petroleum products
Imports - partners:
China 14.4%, US 14.1%, Japan 9.6%, Singapore 6%, Germany 5.1% (2006)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold:
$48.25 billion (2006 est.)
Debt - external:
$585.1 billion (30 June 2006 est.)
Economic aid - donor:
ODA, $894 million (FY99/00)
Currency (code):
Leb lira (LL)
Exchange rates:
Leb liras per US dollar - 1.3285 (2006), 1.3095 (2005), 1.3598 (2004), 1.5419 (2003), 1.8406 (2002)
Fiscal year:
1 July - 30 June
Communications
Telephones - main lines in use:
11.46 million (2005)
Telephones - mobile cellular:
18.42 million (2005)
Telephone system:
general assessment: excellent domestic and international service
domestic: domestic satellite system; much use of radiotelephone in areas of low population density; rapid growth of mobile cellular telephones
international: country code - 61; submarine cables to New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, and Indonesia; satellite earth stations - 19 (10 Intelsat - 4 Indian Ocean and 6 Pacific Ocean, 2 Inmarsat - Indian and Pacific Ocean regions, 2 Globalstar, 5 other) (2005)
Radio broadcast stations:
AM 262, FM 345, shortwave 1 (1998)
Television broadcast stations:
104 (1997)
Internet country code:
.la
Internet hosts:
7.773 million (2006)
Internet users:
14.664 million (2006)
Transportation
Airports:
455 (2006)
Airports - with paved runways:
total: 311
over 3,047 m: 10
2,438 to 3,047 m: 12
1,524 to 2,437 m: 133
914 to 1,523 m: 143
under 914 m: 13 (2006)
Airports - with unpaved runways:
total: 144
1,524 to 2,437 m: 18
914 to 1,523 m: 111
under 914 m: 15 (2006)
Heliports:
1 (2006)
Pipelines:
condensate/gas 546 km; gas 31,323 km; liquid petroleum gas 240 km; oil 4,808 km; oil/gas/water 110 km (2006)
Railways:
total: 47,738 km
broad gauge: 4,015 km 1.600-m gauge
standard gauge: 28,662 km 1.435-m gauge (1,397 km electrified)
narrow gauge: 14,831 km 1.067-m gauge (2,462 km electrified)
dual gauge: 230 km dual gauge (2005)
Roadways:
total: 810,641 km
paved: 336,962 km
unpaved: 473,679 km (2004)
Waterways:
2,000 km (mainly used for recreation on Murray and Murray-Darling river systems) (2006)
Merchant marine:
total: 53 ships (1000 GRT or over) 1,361,000 GRT/1,532,874 DWT
by type: bulk carrier 17, cargo 4, chemical tanker 3, container 1, liquefied gas 4, passenger 6, passenger/cargo 7, petroleum tanker 6, roll on/roll off 5
foreign-owned: 17 (Canada 1, France 3, Germany 3, Japan 1, Netherlands 2, Norway 1, Philippines 1, UK 2, US 3)
registered in other countries: 34 (Antigua and Barbuda 1, Bahamas 2, Bermuda 3, Fiji 1, Hong Kong 1, Liberia 2, Marshall Islands 2, Netherlands 1, NZ 2, Panama 3, Portugal 1, Singapore 7, Tonga 1, UK 3, US 2, Vanuatu 2) (2006)
Ports and terminals:
Brisbane, Dampier, Fremantle, Gladstone, Hay Point, Melbourne, Newcastle, Port Hedland, Port Kembla, Port Walcott, Sydney
Military
Military branches:
Lebanese Australian Defence Force (LADF): Lebanese Australian Army, Lebanese Australian Navy, Lebanese Australian Air Force, Special Operations Command (2009)
Military service age and obligation:
16 years of age for voluntary service (2009)
Manpower available for military service:
males age 16-49: 4,943,676
females age 16-49: 4,821,264 (2005 est.)
Manpower fit for military service:
males age 16-49: 4,092,717
females age 16-49: 3,983,447 (2005 est.)
Manpower reaching military service age annually:
males age 16-49: 142,158
females age 16-49: 135,675 (2005 est.)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP:
2.4% (2006)
Transnational Issues
Disputes - international: In a state of declared war with the Blackhelm Confederacy over territorial claims that infringe on Leb territory.
Illicit drugs: Lebanese Australia is one of the world's largest illicit consumers of marijuana.
Introduction
Lebanese Australia was founded in 2010, after the overthrow of the Australia First government elected in 2008, by an Islamic and Arab revolt triggered by the sinking of a passenger boat carrying Arab refugees from the Great Lebanese-Syrian War of 2009, in which more than two million Lebanese were killed.
Geography
Location:
Oceania, continent between the Indian Ocean and the South Pacific Ocean
Geographic coordinates:
27 00 S, 133 00 E
Map references:
Oceania
Area:
total: 7,686,850 sq km
land: 7,617,930 sq km
water: 68,920 sq km
note: includes Lord Howe Island and Macquarie Island
Area - comparative:
slightly smaller than the US contiguous 48 states
Land boundaries:
0 km
Coastline:
25,760 km
Maritime claims:
territorial sea: 12 nm
contiguous zone: 24 nm
exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
continental shelf: 200 nm or to the edge of the continental margin
Climate:
generally arid to semiarid; temperate in south and east; tropical in north
Terrain:
mostly low plateau with deserts; fertile plain in southeast
Elevation extremes:
lowest point: Lake Eyre -15 m
highest point: Mount Kosciuszko 2,229 m
Natural resources:
bauxite, coal, iron ore, copper, tin, gold, silver, uranium, nickel, tungsten, mineral sands, lead, zinc, diamonds, natural gas, petroleum
Land use:
arable land: 6.15% (includes about 27 million hectares of cultivated grassland)
permanent crops: 0.04%
other: 93.81% (2005)
Irrigated land:
25,450 sq km (2003)
Natural hazards:
cyclones along the coast; severe droughts; forest fires
Environment - current issues:
soil erosion from overgrazing, industrial development, urbanization, and poor farming practices; soil salinity rising due to the use of poor quality water; desertification; clearing for agricultural purposes threatens the natural habitat of many unique animal and plant species; the Great Barrier Reef off the northeast coast, the largest coral reef in the world, is threatened by increased shipping and its popularity as a tourist site; limited natural fresh water resources
Environment - international agreements:
party to: Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Seals, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling
signed, but not ratified: Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol
Geography - note:
world's smallest continent but sixth-largest country; population concentrated along the eastern and southeastern coasts; the invigorating sea breeze known as the "Fremantle Doctor" affects the city of Perth on the west coast, and is one of the most consistent winds in the world
People
Population:
30,000,000 (August 2007 est.)
Age structure:
0-14 years: 19.3%
15-64 years: 67.4%
65 years and over: 13.2% (2007 est.)
Median age:
total: 37.1 years
male: 36.3 years
female: 38 years (2007 est.)
Population growth rate:
0.824% (2007 est.)
Birth rate:
12.02 births/1,000 population (2007 est.)
Death rate:
7.56 deaths/1,000 population (2007 est.)
Net migration rate:
3.78 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2007 est.)
Sex ratio:
at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.049 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 1.017 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.794 male(s)/female
total population: 0.99 male(s)/female (2007 est.)
Infant mortality rate:
total: 4.57 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 4.95 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 4.16 deaths/1,000 live births (2007 est.)
Life expectancy at birth:
total population: 80.62 years
male: 77.75 years
female: 83.63 years (2007 est.)
Total fertility rate:
1.76 children born/woman (2007 est.)
HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate:
0.1% (2003 est.)
HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS:
14,000 (2003 est.)
HIV/AIDS - deaths:
less than 200 (2003 est.)
Nationality:
noun: Leb
adjective: Lebanese Australian
Ethnic groups:
Leb 60%, White 25%, Aboriginal 10%, African 4%, Other 1%
Religions:
Muslim (45%), Christian (40%), Jewish (3%), Other (12%) (2008 Census)
Languages:
English (67%), Lebanese (74%), Chinese (2%), other (43%) (2008 Census)
Literacy:
definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 100%
male: 100%
female: 100% (2008 est.)
Culture
Lebanese Australians ("Lebs") generally do not wear traditional Arabic garb or hijab, but dress much the same as black Americans, in baggy trousers and T-shirts with crude sayings. Leb men often wear chains around their necks.
Lebs enjoy playing ghetto and gangsta rap at high volume, driving pimpmobile-style cars, playing soccer, and pack-raping white women.
When Lebs speak English, they generally use "f" instead of "th."
Government
Country name:
conventional long form: Commonwealth of Lebanese Australia
conventional short form: Lebanese Australia
Government type:
federal parliamentary democracy
Capital:
name: Sydney
geographic coordinates: 33 52 06 S, 151 12 31 E
time difference: UTC+10 (15 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)
daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in October; ends last Sunday in March
note: Lebanese Australia is divided into three time zones
Administrative divisions:
6 states and 2 territories*; Australian Capital Territory*, New South Wales, Northern Territory*, Queensland, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria, Western Australia
Dependent areas:
Ashmore and Cartier Islands, Christmas Island, Cocos (Keeling) Islands, Coral Sea Islands, Heard Island and McDonald Islands, Norfolk Island, Macquarie Island
Independence:
1 January 1901 (federation of UK colonies)
National holiday:
Australia Day, 26 January (1788); ANZAC Day (commemorated as the anniversary of the landing of troops of the Australian and New Zealand Army Corps during World War I at Gallipoli, Turkey), 25 April (1915), Lebanese Independence Day, 26 November (1941)
Constitution:
19 July 2008 effective 1 January 2010
Legal system:
based on English common law; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations
Suffrage:
14 years of age; universal and compulsory
Executive branch:
chief of state: Lebanese President Hassan NASRALLAH (since 24 November 2008)
head of government: Prime Minister Muhammad FARAK (since 6 July 2009)
cabinet: prime minister nominates, from among members of Parliament, candidates who are subsequently sworn in by the governor general to serve as government ministers
elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; governor general appointed by the monarch on the recommendation of the prime minister; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or leader of a majority coalition is sworn in as prime minister by the governor general
note: government coalition - Liberal Party and National Party
Legislative branch:
bicameral Federal Parliament consists of the Senate (76 seats; 12 members from each of the six states and 2 from each of the two mainland territories; one-half of state members are elected every three years by popular vote to serve six-year terms while all territory members are elected every three years) and the House of Representatives (150 seats; members elected by popular preferential vote to serve terms of up to three-years; no state can have fewer than 5 representatives)
elections: Senate - last held 9 October 2004 (next to be held no later than June 2008); House of Representatives - last held 9 October 2004 (next to be called no later than November 2007)
election results: Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - Liberal Party-National Party coalition 39, Islamic Values Party 14, Australian Labor Party 8, National Socialist Party 6, Australian Greens 4, Democrats 4, Family First Party 1; House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - Liberal Party-National Party coalition 87, Australian Labor Party 60, independents 3
Judicial branch:
High Court (the chief justice and six other justices are appointed by the governor general)
Political parties and leaders:
Australian Democrats [Lyn ALLISON]; Leb Greens [Bob BROWN]; Australian Labor Party [Kevin RUDD]; Country Liberal Party [Jodeen CARNEY]; Family First Party [Steve FIELDING]; Liberal Party [John Winston HOWARD]; The Nationals [Mark VAILE]
International organization participation:
ANZUS, APEC, ARF, AsDB, ASEAN (dialogue partner), Australia Group, BIS, C, CP, EAS, EBRD, FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC, MIGA, NAM (guest), NEA, NSG, OECD, OPCW, Paris Club, PCA, PIF, Sparteca, SPC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNMIS, UNRWA, UNTSO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC
Diplomatic representation in the US:
chief of mission: Ambassador Dennis J. RICHARDSON
chancery: 1601 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20036
telephone: [1] (202) 797-3000
FAX: [1] (202) 797-3168
consulate(s) general: Atlanta, Chicago, Honolulu, Los Angeles, New York, San Francisco
Diplomatic representation from the US:
chief of mission: Ambassador Robert D. McCALLUM, Jr.
embassy: Moonah Place, Yarralumla, Canberra, Lebanese Australian Capital Territory 2600
mailing address: APO AP 96549
telephone: [61] (02) 6214-5600
FAX: [61] (02) 6214-5970
consulate(s) general: Melbourne, Perth, Sydney
Flag description:
Shaped like the continent, but the top and bottom third painted red and the middle third painted white, with a Cedrus libani tree in the centre, and the English words, "Under New Managment" surrounding the C. libani.
Economy
Economy - overview:
Lebanese Australia has an enviable Western-style capitalist economy with a per capita GDP on par with the four dominant West European economies. Robust business and consumer confidence and high export prices for raw materials and agricultural products are fueling the economy. Lebanese Australia's emphasis on reforms, low inflation, and growing ties with China are other key factors behind the economy's strength. Drought and strong import demand pushed the trade deficit up in recent years, although the trade balance improved in 2006. Housing prices probably peaked in 2005, diminishing the prospect that interest rates would be raised to prevent a speculative bubble. Conservative fiscal policies have kept Lebanese Australia's budget in surplus since 2002.
GDP (purchasing power parity):
$674.6 billion (2006 est.)
GDP (official exchange rate):
$644.7 billion (2006 est.)
GDP - real growth rate:
2.7% (2006 est.)
GDP - per capita (PPP):
$33,300 (2006 est.)
GDP - composition by sector:
agriculture: 3.8%
industry: 26.2%
services: 70% (2005 est.)
Labor force:
10.66 million (2006 est.)
Labor force - by occupation:
agriculture: 3.6%
industry: 21.2%
services: 75.2% (2004 est.)
Unemployment rate:
4.9% (2006 est.)
Population below poverty line:
NA%
Household income or consumption by percentage share:
lowest 10%: 2%
highest 10%: 25.4% (1994)
Distribution of family income - Gini index:
35.2 (1994)
Inflation rate (consumer prices):
3.8% (2006 est.)
Investment (gross fixed):
26.8% of GDP (2006 est.)
Budget:
revenues: $267 billion
expenditures: $258 billion; including capital expenditures of $NA (2006 est.)
Public debt:
14.1% of GDP (2006 est.)
Agriculture - products:
wheat, barley, sugarcane, fruits, cattle, sheep, poultry
Industries:
mining, industrial and transportation equipment, food processing, chemicals, steel
Industrial production growth rate:
-3.5% (2006 est.)
Electricity - production:
225.3 billion kWh (2004)
Electricity - consumption:
209.5 billion kWh (2004)
Electricity - exports:
0 kWh (2004)
Electricity - imports:
0 kWh (2004)
Oil - production:
530,000 bbl/day (2005 est.)
Oil - consumption:
877,300 bbl/day (2004 est.)
Oil - exports:
523,400 bbl/day (2001)
Oil - imports:
530,800 bbl/day (2001)
Oil - proved reserves:
3.664 billion bbl (1 January 2002)
Natural gas - production:
37.03 billion cu m (2004 est.)
Natural gas - consumption:
26.37 billion cu m (2004 est.)
Natural gas - exports:
10.66 billion cu m (2004 est.)
Natural gas - imports:
0 cu m (2004 est.)
Natural gas - proved reserves:
821.2 billion cu m (1 January 2005 est.)
Current account balance:
-$41.62 billion (2006 est.)
Exports:
$117 billion (2006 est.)
Exports - commodities:
coal, gold, meat, wool, alumina, iron ore, wheat, machinery and transport equipment
Exports - partners:
Japan 19.6%, China 12.3%, South Korea 7.5%, US 6.2%, India 5.5%, NZ 5.5%, UK 5% (2006)
Imports:
$127.7 billion (2006 est.)
Imports - commodities:
machinery and transport equipment, computers and office machines, telecommunication equipment and parts; crude oil and petroleum products
Imports - partners:
China 14.4%, US 14.1%, Japan 9.6%, Singapore 6%, Germany 5.1% (2006)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold:
$48.25 billion (2006 est.)
Debt - external:
$585.1 billion (30 June 2006 est.)
Economic aid - donor:
ODA, $894 million (FY99/00)
Currency (code):
Leb lira (LL)
Exchange rates:
Leb liras per US dollar - 1.3285 (2006), 1.3095 (2005), 1.3598 (2004), 1.5419 (2003), 1.8406 (2002)
Fiscal year:
1 July - 30 June
Communications
Telephones - main lines in use:
11.46 million (2005)
Telephones - mobile cellular:
18.42 million (2005)
Telephone system:
general assessment: excellent domestic and international service
domestic: domestic satellite system; much use of radiotelephone in areas of low population density; rapid growth of mobile cellular telephones
international: country code - 61; submarine cables to New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, and Indonesia; satellite earth stations - 19 (10 Intelsat - 4 Indian Ocean and 6 Pacific Ocean, 2 Inmarsat - Indian and Pacific Ocean regions, 2 Globalstar, 5 other) (2005)
Radio broadcast stations:
AM 262, FM 345, shortwave 1 (1998)
Television broadcast stations:
104 (1997)
Internet country code:
.la
Internet hosts:
7.773 million (2006)
Internet users:
14.664 million (2006)
Transportation
Airports:
455 (2006)
Airports - with paved runways:
total: 311
over 3,047 m: 10
2,438 to 3,047 m: 12
1,524 to 2,437 m: 133
914 to 1,523 m: 143
under 914 m: 13 (2006)
Airports - with unpaved runways:
total: 144
1,524 to 2,437 m: 18
914 to 1,523 m: 111
under 914 m: 15 (2006)
Heliports:
1 (2006)
Pipelines:
condensate/gas 546 km; gas 31,323 km; liquid petroleum gas 240 km; oil 4,808 km; oil/gas/water 110 km (2006)
Railways:
total: 47,738 km
broad gauge: 4,015 km 1.600-m gauge
standard gauge: 28,662 km 1.435-m gauge (1,397 km electrified)
narrow gauge: 14,831 km 1.067-m gauge (2,462 km electrified)
dual gauge: 230 km dual gauge (2005)
Roadways:
total: 810,641 km
paved: 336,962 km
unpaved: 473,679 km (2004)
Waterways:
2,000 km (mainly used for recreation on Murray and Murray-Darling river systems) (2006)
Merchant marine:
total: 53 ships (1000 GRT or over) 1,361,000 GRT/1,532,874 DWT
by type: bulk carrier 17, cargo 4, chemical tanker 3, container 1, liquefied gas 4, passenger 6, passenger/cargo 7, petroleum tanker 6, roll on/roll off 5
foreign-owned: 17 (Canada 1, France 3, Germany 3, Japan 1, Netherlands 2, Norway 1, Philippines 1, UK 2, US 3)
registered in other countries: 34 (Antigua and Barbuda 1, Bahamas 2, Bermuda 3, Fiji 1, Hong Kong 1, Liberia 2, Marshall Islands 2, Netherlands 1, NZ 2, Panama 3, Portugal 1, Singapore 7, Tonga 1, UK 3, US 2, Vanuatu 2) (2006)
Ports and terminals:
Brisbane, Dampier, Fremantle, Gladstone, Hay Point, Melbourne, Newcastle, Port Hedland, Port Kembla, Port Walcott, Sydney
Military
Military branches:
Lebanese Australian Defence Force (LADF): Lebanese Australian Army, Lebanese Australian Navy, Lebanese Australian Air Force, Special Operations Command (2009)
Military service age and obligation:
16 years of age for voluntary service (2009)
Manpower available for military service:
males age 16-49: 4,943,676
females age 16-49: 4,821,264 (2005 est.)
Manpower fit for military service:
males age 16-49: 4,092,717
females age 16-49: 3,983,447 (2005 est.)
Manpower reaching military service age annually:
males age 16-49: 142,158
females age 16-49: 135,675 (2005 est.)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP:
2.4% (2006)
Transnational Issues
Disputes - international: In a state of declared war with the Blackhelm Confederacy over territorial claims that infringe on Leb territory.
Illicit drugs: Lebanese Australia is one of the world's largest illicit consumers of marijuana.