Drunken Pagan Weirdos
12-04-2007, 19:04
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Mongol uls
Mongolian Republic
Demographics/Economy/Geography
Population: 2,832,224 (2006 estimate)
Pop. Density: 1.7 per km² (2006)
Pop. Growth Rate: 1.46%
GDP (PPP): $5.781 billion (as of 2005)
GDP per capita (PPP): $2,000 (2005)
Land Area: 1,564,116 sq km
Highest Point: Nayramadlin Orgil (Huyten Orgil) 4,374 m
Lowest Point: Hoh Nuur 518 m
Natural Resources: Oil, coal, copper, molybdenum, tungsten, phosphates, tin, nickel, zinc, fluorspar, gold, silver, iron
Currency: Togrog (MNT)
Internet TLD: .mn
Religion: Buddhist Lamaist 50%, Shamanist and Christian 6%, Muslim 4%, none 40%
Government
While the government is basically a democracy, it is controlled by a single party, the Mongolian People's Party, and as such, a sort of oligarchy has developed between powerful Party members. Major policy decisions are made in the nondescript Meeting Room #2 of the Executive Palace by the President, Prime Minister, War Minister, Foreign Affairs Minister, Internal Affairs Minister, Finance Minister, and representatives of any other Ministries needed to arrive at a particular decision. The legislature passes their decisions through mostly without complaint.
Executive Branch:
Government Type: Parliamentary Republic
Capital: Niislel Khüree (RL Ulaanbaatar/Ulan Bator)
Head of State: President Khoonbish Altangerel
Head of Government: Prime Minister Nergui Borjigin
Ministers of the State Council: Will be added later
Legislative Branch:
State Khural (unicameral parliament). There are a total of 76 seats in the State Khural, up for election every five years.
Major Political Parties:
Mongolian People’s Party: social democratic; formerly socialist-authoritarian
New Democratic Party: democratic libertarian
Motherland Party: conservative capitalist
Red Mongolia Party: Stalinist, authoritarian
History
The peoples of Mongolia are proud of their history, and rightly so. The legacy of the Mongols, conquerors of much of the known world, is not one to be taken lightly. At its greatest extent, the lands united under Temujin and his successors were the largest land empire that history has ever seen. It stretched from Korea to Hungary, from Siberia to Persia. They ruled China for a century under the Yuan Dynasty before the Han managed to drive them back in 1368.
After the slow breakdown of the Mongol Empire, the Mongol people maintained an uneasy peace with their Chinese neighbors, instead focusing on Tibet. It was during this time that Tibetan Buddhism was introduced into Mongolian lands. The Mongols were eventually conquered by the Qing Dynasty of China, and their lands were incorporated into this Manchu regime for several hundred years, until the fall of the dynasty in 1911.
Though its proclamation of independence was unrecognized by the new Republic of China, Outer Mongolia exercised de facto authority over its own people until 1919, when Chinese troops captured the capital city. Their control did not last long, however; the Russian adventurer and White Army sympathizer Baron Ungern von Sternberg led an army into Mongolia that drove the Chinese forces away, and he was instated as Mongolia’s new leader with the blessing of religious leader Bogda Khan.
It was about this time (1921) that a Communist political party, the Mongolian People’s Party, was founded. The early days of the party were marked by intense debates about the level of loyalty that the Party owed the Soviet Union, with more nationalist leaders such as Peljidiyn Genden versus the pro-Soviet faction of Horloogiyn Choibalsan. Choibalsan was in favor of inviting Red Army troops into the nation to “liberate” Mongolia; Genden believed that such actions would only be “Red imperialism”. Genden’s faction was soon triumphant, Choibalsan and his followers were banished or executed, and the planned Red Army invasion never took place. The Party laid low and strengthened its following; Genden himself began to read further into the philosophy of Dr. Sun Yat-sen, leader of the ruling Kuomintang party of China. This, along with the dire threat of Soviet invasion, served to steer the Party away from its purely Communist roots, and the Party realigned itself as a socialist, though still authoritarian, movement fully independent of Moscow.
When Bogda Khan died in 1924 with no heir, the Party took action, deposing the “Bloody Baron” and creating the Republic of Mongolia. Martial law was declared, People’s Army troops were deployed throughout the nation, and by 1928 the disparate resistance groups had been mostly pacified. Sun Yat-sen had died in 1925; when the pro-capitalist and authoritarian Chiang Kai-shek took his place as leader of the Kuomintang (and thus of the Republic of China), Genden followed. He did not view the Chinese as his direct allies, as the RoC still claimed full sovereignty over the new Mongolian nation. His subordinates within the Mongolian People’s Party weren’t so sure of his loyalty, however; many also resented the recent move away from the Party’s old socialist ideals. Some were simply jealous of his prestige and position.
When Genden died of a sudden heart attack in 1931, there was a brief Party squabble to determine the new leader, and the man that came out on top was Muunokhoi Dzoldzaya. Dzoldzaya was an old member of the Party, having joined it in its beginning stages, and he too believed in a strong and independent Mongolia. He did not, however, share Genden’s anti-socialistic tendencies. Under his long control, Mongolia stagnated, as his economic policies were little good and the nation was surrounded by hostile powers. His was hardly a psychotic dictatorship, with little of the brutalities and abuses that were being carried out under Stalin or Mao, but the Mongolian People’s Party under Dzoldzaya was hardly a benevolent organization, and Mongolia was hardly free or democratic. Still, Dzoldzaya somehow managed to maintain Mongolia’s sovereignty with the Russian juggernaut to its north, which is commendable.
Dzoldzaya passed away in 1973, and the Party elected Batuldzii Medekhgui to the position of Party leader. Medekhgui reversed many of his predecessor’s failing economic policies and relaxed the Party’s grip on social affairs, introducing democratic elections at the local level. Before he retired in 1989, Medekhgui declared martial law, which had been in effect since the nation’s founding in 1924, to finally be over. Medekhgui is today seen as the grandfather of the modern Republic.
If Medekhgui was the grandfather, then Khongordzol Bat, his successor, was the father. In 1993, Bat initiated sweeping economic reforms meant to encourage business without losing all of the socialist customs Mongolians were now used to. They, for the most part, succeeded, and although there was no magical economic boom, it can be said that Mongolia finally began to prosper. The following year, the forming of other legal political parties was finally allowed, though only members of the Mongolian People’s Party held seats in the rubber-stamp State Khural, and Bat maintained his control over the nation for roughly six more years. In 1999, at Bat’s urging, the constitution was completely rewritten, and the Mongolian Republic was born. The President and members of the State Khural were now elected directly by the people, with multiple parties formed to compete in the 2000 elections. The authorities tried to guarantee free and fair elections (on the surface, at least).
Though the Party retained a clear hold on both the Presidency and the State Khural, democracy, for what it was worth, had finally arrived in Mongolia. New elections were held in 2005, and the Party retained its hold on power, though only barely, facing opposition primarily from the libertarian New Democratic Party.
Today, the Mongolian Republic is a peaceful and democratic nation, hesitant in the use of force to solve international disputes. Still, the citizens of the Republic remember the conquests and glories of the Mongol Empire in days gone by. They remember the long, hard struggle to keep Mongolia free in the modern era. And if necessary, today, they will gladly defend their homeland with their lives. Let any nation that dares to challenge the dearly-held sovereignty of the Mongolian people face the wrath of the descendants of the Khans.
Mongol uls
Mongolian Republic
Demographics/Economy/Geography
Population: 2,832,224 (2006 estimate)
Pop. Density: 1.7 per km² (2006)
Pop. Growth Rate: 1.46%
GDP (PPP): $5.781 billion (as of 2005)
GDP per capita (PPP): $2,000 (2005)
Land Area: 1,564,116 sq km
Highest Point: Nayramadlin Orgil (Huyten Orgil) 4,374 m
Lowest Point: Hoh Nuur 518 m
Natural Resources: Oil, coal, copper, molybdenum, tungsten, phosphates, tin, nickel, zinc, fluorspar, gold, silver, iron
Currency: Togrog (MNT)
Internet TLD: .mn
Religion: Buddhist Lamaist 50%, Shamanist and Christian 6%, Muslim 4%, none 40%
Government
While the government is basically a democracy, it is controlled by a single party, the Mongolian People's Party, and as such, a sort of oligarchy has developed between powerful Party members. Major policy decisions are made in the nondescript Meeting Room #2 of the Executive Palace by the President, Prime Minister, War Minister, Foreign Affairs Minister, Internal Affairs Minister, Finance Minister, and representatives of any other Ministries needed to arrive at a particular decision. The legislature passes their decisions through mostly without complaint.
Executive Branch:
Government Type: Parliamentary Republic
Capital: Niislel Khüree (RL Ulaanbaatar/Ulan Bator)
Head of State: President Khoonbish Altangerel
Head of Government: Prime Minister Nergui Borjigin
Ministers of the State Council: Will be added later
Legislative Branch:
State Khural (unicameral parliament). There are a total of 76 seats in the State Khural, up for election every five years.
Major Political Parties:
Mongolian People’s Party: social democratic; formerly socialist-authoritarian
New Democratic Party: democratic libertarian
Motherland Party: conservative capitalist
Red Mongolia Party: Stalinist, authoritarian
History
The peoples of Mongolia are proud of their history, and rightly so. The legacy of the Mongols, conquerors of much of the known world, is not one to be taken lightly. At its greatest extent, the lands united under Temujin and his successors were the largest land empire that history has ever seen. It stretched from Korea to Hungary, from Siberia to Persia. They ruled China for a century under the Yuan Dynasty before the Han managed to drive them back in 1368.
After the slow breakdown of the Mongol Empire, the Mongol people maintained an uneasy peace with their Chinese neighbors, instead focusing on Tibet. It was during this time that Tibetan Buddhism was introduced into Mongolian lands. The Mongols were eventually conquered by the Qing Dynasty of China, and their lands were incorporated into this Manchu regime for several hundred years, until the fall of the dynasty in 1911.
Though its proclamation of independence was unrecognized by the new Republic of China, Outer Mongolia exercised de facto authority over its own people until 1919, when Chinese troops captured the capital city. Their control did not last long, however; the Russian adventurer and White Army sympathizer Baron Ungern von Sternberg led an army into Mongolia that drove the Chinese forces away, and he was instated as Mongolia’s new leader with the blessing of religious leader Bogda Khan.
It was about this time (1921) that a Communist political party, the Mongolian People’s Party, was founded. The early days of the party were marked by intense debates about the level of loyalty that the Party owed the Soviet Union, with more nationalist leaders such as Peljidiyn Genden versus the pro-Soviet faction of Horloogiyn Choibalsan. Choibalsan was in favor of inviting Red Army troops into the nation to “liberate” Mongolia; Genden believed that such actions would only be “Red imperialism”. Genden’s faction was soon triumphant, Choibalsan and his followers were banished or executed, and the planned Red Army invasion never took place. The Party laid low and strengthened its following; Genden himself began to read further into the philosophy of Dr. Sun Yat-sen, leader of the ruling Kuomintang party of China. This, along with the dire threat of Soviet invasion, served to steer the Party away from its purely Communist roots, and the Party realigned itself as a socialist, though still authoritarian, movement fully independent of Moscow.
When Bogda Khan died in 1924 with no heir, the Party took action, deposing the “Bloody Baron” and creating the Republic of Mongolia. Martial law was declared, People’s Army troops were deployed throughout the nation, and by 1928 the disparate resistance groups had been mostly pacified. Sun Yat-sen had died in 1925; when the pro-capitalist and authoritarian Chiang Kai-shek took his place as leader of the Kuomintang (and thus of the Republic of China), Genden followed. He did not view the Chinese as his direct allies, as the RoC still claimed full sovereignty over the new Mongolian nation. His subordinates within the Mongolian People’s Party weren’t so sure of his loyalty, however; many also resented the recent move away from the Party’s old socialist ideals. Some were simply jealous of his prestige and position.
When Genden died of a sudden heart attack in 1931, there was a brief Party squabble to determine the new leader, and the man that came out on top was Muunokhoi Dzoldzaya. Dzoldzaya was an old member of the Party, having joined it in its beginning stages, and he too believed in a strong and independent Mongolia. He did not, however, share Genden’s anti-socialistic tendencies. Under his long control, Mongolia stagnated, as his economic policies were little good and the nation was surrounded by hostile powers. His was hardly a psychotic dictatorship, with little of the brutalities and abuses that were being carried out under Stalin or Mao, but the Mongolian People’s Party under Dzoldzaya was hardly a benevolent organization, and Mongolia was hardly free or democratic. Still, Dzoldzaya somehow managed to maintain Mongolia’s sovereignty with the Russian juggernaut to its north, which is commendable.
Dzoldzaya passed away in 1973, and the Party elected Batuldzii Medekhgui to the position of Party leader. Medekhgui reversed many of his predecessor’s failing economic policies and relaxed the Party’s grip on social affairs, introducing democratic elections at the local level. Before he retired in 1989, Medekhgui declared martial law, which had been in effect since the nation’s founding in 1924, to finally be over. Medekhgui is today seen as the grandfather of the modern Republic.
If Medekhgui was the grandfather, then Khongordzol Bat, his successor, was the father. In 1993, Bat initiated sweeping economic reforms meant to encourage business without losing all of the socialist customs Mongolians were now used to. They, for the most part, succeeded, and although there was no magical economic boom, it can be said that Mongolia finally began to prosper. The following year, the forming of other legal political parties was finally allowed, though only members of the Mongolian People’s Party held seats in the rubber-stamp State Khural, and Bat maintained his control over the nation for roughly six more years. In 1999, at Bat’s urging, the constitution was completely rewritten, and the Mongolian Republic was born. The President and members of the State Khural were now elected directly by the people, with multiple parties formed to compete in the 2000 elections. The authorities tried to guarantee free and fair elections (on the surface, at least).
Though the Party retained a clear hold on both the Presidency and the State Khural, democracy, for what it was worth, had finally arrived in Mongolia. New elections were held in 2005, and the Party retained its hold on power, though only barely, facing opposition primarily from the libertarian New Democratic Party.
Today, the Mongolian Republic is a peaceful and democratic nation, hesitant in the use of force to solve international disputes. Still, the citizens of the Republic remember the conquests and glories of the Mongol Empire in days gone by. They remember the long, hard struggle to keep Mongolia free in the modern era. And if necessary, today, they will gladly defend their homeland with their lives. Let any nation that dares to challenge the dearly-held sovereignty of the Mongolian people face the wrath of the descendants of the Khans.