The Macabees
17-03-2007, 23:41
[Not for sale Export version: Nakíl 1A1 (http://forums.jolt.co.uk/showthread.php?t=478771)
Arca. IV Nakíl Ausva. B / Nakíl 1A2 ‘Battleaxe’
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The Original Nakíl
The Nakíl 1A1s purpose was to provide a powerful, state-of-the-art main battle tank to replace Imperial Broadswords (a civil war relic – although they were upgraded around the same time production of the Nakíl 1A1 began) and the faulty Cougar (later to be re-named a heavy tank). Between September 2016 and April 2017 exactly 11,000 Nakíl 1A1s were produced for the Ejermacht, although only 600 were produced in September and 800 in October, before the full production quota of 1,200 per month was fulfilled. The Nakíl 1A1 proved to be completely superior to everything the enemy could muster, whether it was Stevidian, Havenic or imported from abroad. When compare to other Imperial tanks, such as the Broadsword and the Cougar, the Nakíl far surpassed them in capabilities in all sectors of the spectrum! Between July and October 2016 the Empire would also import 2,400 UT-1s and over 10,000 tanks of various models that were being replaced in Juumanistra by more advanced designs. The Nakíl proved superior to these, as well, both in actual live combat and in field testing. In fact, the Battle of Ishme-Dagan, hailed as the largest mechanized battle in the history of man, the Nakíl made itself a household name within the domains of all of the Empire’s enemies and allies. The success of the tank lied on its dominant characteristics, including firepower, mobility and protection. Moreover, the Nakíl included much of the small details that the Cougar didn’t, making it much more effective – crew communications was enhanced not only inside the tank, but outside, allowing tanks to communicate with each other much more efficiently. A definite advantage over enemy tanks was the inclusion of a battlefield management system, which allowed Nakíl crews to defeat numerically superior enemies due to the fact that tactical and strategic cooperation was made infinitely easier.
The tank’s success on the open market is testament to its capabilities. On February 2017, in order to make revenue to pay for some of the war costs, the Empire green lighted the sale of the tank by Kriegzimmer. Between February 2017 and May 2025 1,830,360 Nakíl 1A1s were sold to twenty-eight separate customers, making it the most widely sold and produced tank in history – all within the span of a single model. This number does not include the amount of tank surrogates produced from independently manufactured Nakíl tank chassis. Many of these tanks were resold, and the tank continues to be proliferated after 2025. The required production numbers were easily handled by huge Kriegzimmer complexes, and by factories built thereafter to accommodate new orders. Furthermore, of great importance, many Nakíl 1A1s were produced at home by the client after a memorandum of understanding between the parties concerned. Although Kriegzimmer unfortunately closed and sold its factories by May 2017 production would continue unabated and despite the many companies that purchased and broke-up the economic empire which was once Kriegzimmer orders were still taken. The final order was placed by Hamilay in May 2017, for 100,000 tanks. The largest clients included Allanea, with 300,000 tanks procured – and 100,000 later given away to Whyatica, and an unknown number to Hataria -, Uldarious with 280,000, Angelonisia with 250,000, Otagia with 126,720, Hamilay with the aforementioned number and finally, Mer des Ennuis with a total of 98,304 procured. This said, the amount of procuring was unprecedented, and remains unprecedented, as well as the amount of production undertaken.
However, the tank’s universal success proved to undermine its importance within the Ejermacht. It’s wide proliferation also made specific information on the tank widely known, despite efforts by the various designers to keep important information under wraps by limiting production of certain spare parts to Imperial factories – it should be noted that many exported tanks had several things changed in order to ease their logistics, and to avoid relying on Kriegzimmer for spare parts (this was fundamental taking into consideration the fall of Kriegzimmer – spare parts were not delivered for two to three months, although fortunately enough not many tanks had been exported the month of the fall). Nevertheless, the tank’s weaknesses were widely advertised and it was obvious that there would have to be some serious modernization efforts and modifications in order to keep ahead of the Empire’s enemies – namely tank producers such as Stevid (also a client of Clan Smoke Jaguar). As early as October 2017, during the battle of Ishme-Dagan, Fuermak General Staff asked several growing defense companies in the Empire to congregate once again, under the leadership of Kriegzimmer, to design a tank based on the Nakíl, but completely superior to it. This was easier than some think. The Nakíl 1A1’s design had been done in haste, as a replacement was urgently needed for the Cougar. Although much of the 1A1’s characteristics were based on research done during the Cougar design period, many things had to be rushed. Because of this, many things were omitted. Furthermore, Ishme-Dagan and operations thereafter gave the Empire much insight on improvements on the Nakíl design.
Experience from the battlefield reported, for example, that the gun tube lasted much less than 800 fired rounds. In actuality, it was found that gun barrels would have to be replaced as quickly as every 400 rounds, although this would fluctuate, most of the time for the better. Although even 400 rounds before replacement is considerably superior to the barrel wear rate of many other tanks this simply was not acceptable for a nation which had to cut corners logistics wise. The light-weight suspension and road wheels, although effective for what they were originally designed for, were also ordered to be replaced by more durable suspension pieces – although their break down rate was good, it was found that it could be made better at the expense of weight. There were also technological breakthroughs which would allow the next version to be clearly superior to its early-born sister. The design team was ordered to decrease weight, but to increase protection and efficiency – a seemingly impossible task. Despite the daunting work ahead of it, the team finally unveiled its product in early January 2017 and passed with flying-colors – another reason export of the 1A1 was finally allowed in February 2017. Between late January and April 2017 it would undergo significant field testing, and production began in May 2017.
Nakíl 1A2 – Significant Historical Milestones
Although the tank will be explained in much greater detail below, this section details a history of the pre-production era of the Nakíl 1A2. As said above, the Nakíl 1A2 project began on 11 October, 2016, when Emperor Fedor I dispatched his approval of a new tank project to Fuermak headquarters in Gar’tonsk – some 70 kilometers outside of Fedala. It was only the next day when orders, signed by the chief of general staff, were sent to the Ejermacht which detailed a procedure to congregate the best engineers from the most relevant defense industries in the Empire. By 17 October this team had been put together and a memorandum of understanding signed between the companies which agreed to take part in the project. The changes which were to be made to the original chassis were clear, and by and by the chassis would remain the same. Changes to the chassis were completed by 4 December of that year and after revision were finalized on 3 January, 2017. The most complicated part would be the design of a brand new turret which would be finalized only by 11 January. A prototype was hastily constructed on 15 January and introduced to the Ejermacht for testing the next day (PT-1). A second test would require a second prototype by 19 January (PT-2). However, despite the Nakíl 1A2s success during these tests the Ejermacht refused to make a decision on definite procurement and ordered Kriegzimmer to produce four well made prototypes by 2 March (PT-3 through PT-6), to be tested between 5-11 March. Kriegzimmer complied and the tests were more successful than those done in January. On 24 March 2017 it was decided to procure a total of 340,000 tanks – 46,800 of these would form 150 new armored divisions, with 312 tanks a piece. These divisions would be deployed specifically to SafeHaven2 in an effort to bring overwhelming force to an army which was on the brink of defeat (especially after Ishme-Dagan). A further 150 divisions would be created to be deployed to other fronts. The rest of the tanks would sit in storage to provide replacements, and many tanks would have to replace tanks lost before the new batch was ready (this is war, after all).
Despite the fact that the Ejermacht would later attempt to revise the number of tanks procured it was eventually disallowed from lowering the number on account of the producers not wanting to risk a fall in total production post-war – given that such massive production would no longer be necessary. Therefore, many tanks produced would be superfluous and this would be made more obvious post-war when an army size reduction program would come in effect. Even prior to the war’s end there were plans to distribute existing tanks amongst occupied areas of enemy nations to arm local militias and occupation armies. In occupied territories in Zarbia and SafeHaven2, for example, local citizens would be recruited to form ‘auxiliary divisions’ and were deployed abroad. Despite the illegality of this program in Zarbia it was never blocked (Zarbia was never legally occupied, in the first place – there was never an official paper which signed over occupied territory; it remains disputed).
In any case, in May four new prototypes (PT-7 through PT-10) were constructed and sent to the Ejermacht for testing against existing Nakíl 1A1 tanks. The Nakíl 1A2 prototypes were superior in accuracy, mobility, firepower, protection, crew comfort, efficiency, et cetera. This sealed the grave for the Nakíl 1A1, at least within the Imperial army (the Nakíl 1A1 would continue to serve abroad for at least a decade or more).
Exports
Although the Nakíl 1A2 was designed specifically for use of the Ejermacht in mind some exports were in fact cleared. Despite Allanea’s purchase of 300,000 Nakíl 1A1s – an order which was fulfilled between February 2017 and August 2019 – Allanea immediately placed an order for 275,000 replacements for $2,631,029,500,000. These were produced between January 2019 and July 2020. Mer des Ennuis procured replacements for existing 1A1s, and then some more, and this order was completed between August 2018 and March 2021 – a total of 241,152 were ultimately produced in exchange for $2,600,906,793,984. Between January 2019 and January 2020 30,000 tanks were produced for Willink ($407,036,700,000), and 20,000 tanks for No Endorse ($271,357,800,000), with the option to procure more at a later date. At the same time, 240,000 tanks were delivered to The Silver Sky for $3,328,192,000,000. Every nation the tank was exported to was given the right to build locally and all were given limited production rights to the tanks and unlimited production rights to the parts. With the same deal, 50,000 tanks were produced for Space Union between January 2019 and July 2020 for the price of $539,172,800,000. Velkya purchased limited production rights, totaling $1.23 trillion, for 100,000 Nakíl 1A2s, which began delivery in March 2019 and finalized in January 2022. All in all, 956,142 Nakíl 1A2 main battle tanks would be produced in 7 separate nations as exports for a total of $10.1 trillion.
Does a new turret a new tank make? – Armada International, 3/2004
The wide proliferation of the Nakíl 1A1 forced national defense companies to not just increase armor protection of the vehicle, but make it more difficult for the weaker areas of the vehicle to be hit. The main consideration remained the fact that the Ejermacht was not interested in a heavier vehicle – the experiences of the Arca. I Cougar was still vibrant. Furthermore, the requirements stated a general weight reduction! A turret change had been a consideration for quite a while, however, originally the modifications were going to be completely appliqué (similar to the addition of wedge armor to German Leopard 2A6s, or the turret modifications made to the Israeli Merkava in the several variants released to date). However, this would only increase the weight of the vehicle due to sheer bulk. As a consequence it was decided that any turret upgrade would have to be made with a brand new turret design. Weight wasn’t the only advantage of taking this route, but because of the fact that the armor would not simply be more bolt-on steel and would be more integral (to a degree, since the tank’s armor is almost completely modular) this would increase the strength of the armor to resist impact.
The new turret is a ‘narrow mantlet’ turret and is an extension of the turret unveiled during the release of the Broadsword-Tizona, a general sale upgrade of the older Broadsword main battle tank. The idea is to decrease the visible surface area of the mantlet to make it harder for the enemy to accurately engage – the shape of the turret also suggests a stealthier design. That said, it’s obvious that the primary concern of the Nakíl 1A2 ‘Battleaxe’ is to guarantee a first strike on an enemy tank, although the Battleaxe keeps a good chance of surviving a hit along its frontal arc. During the design it was considered that given the new turret it was a chance that the upper glacis would become the most lucrative target for an enemy tank, and therefore the glacis was up-armored – although this is for a later section to define.
The turret mantlet and turret corners remain armored by indigenously designed and produced ‘special armor’. However, the tank does not retain the original CAM, but uses an upgraded version designated CAM II. CAM II replaces the rear steel encasement with titanium due to superior mass efficiency. The front plate, however, is not replaced because IRHA retains a slight superiority in thickness superiority as compared to the titanium current in use (only a very slight difference). However, weight savings are largely negated by the fact that the titanium di-boride has been replaced by titanium carbide which has been found to be largely superior to common ceramics currently in use in armor around the world, although it has almost twice the density as steel. The ceramics have been further strengthened by means of embedding them in an elastomeric matrix attached to composite fibers and a metal base. In testing this has proven to allow the ceramics to better resist shattering on impact, thus giving them a better chance to defend against multiple shots. The depleted uranium rods used to reinforce the armor and give additional protection versus kinetic energy threats was replaced with depleted uranium rods jacketed in thin layers of titanium – the end result being an increase in theoretical protection. Armor Solutions International began testing with IF nanospheres in early 2010, but they were only applied to armor after the release of the Nakíl 1A1. The Nakíl 1A2 represents the first usage of IF nanospheres in any tank’s ‘special armor’. During testing IF nanospheres “[withstood] severe shocks generated by firing shots at it with impact velocities of up to 1.5km per second.” This material has been rated at five times the strength of steel and at least twice as impact-resistant, and it has reinforced much of the steel in use with the Nakíl 1A2 for experimental purposes. It is very likely that future versions of the tank will see a greater use of the material.
The new Nakíl turret is a very special case. The actual mantlet, which doesn’t extend much beyond the width of the gun breech and the co-axial and internal mortar, boasts of an actual thickness of around 340mm. However, this new turret exposes a larger amount of the front of the top – however, this turret top is sloped to a point where the forward area of the turret has almost the same protection despite the fact that actual thickness is little beyond 45mm. The rest of the turret roof has relatively minor protection. The turret corners retain a similar thickness to that of the mantlet, although slight sloping allows the reduction of the actual thickness to less than 300mm. The turret rear retains a low amount of steel for protection, and uses the basket which wraps around the rear of the turret to provide stand-off protection versus chemical energy threats, but also places high priority on the use of a new composite material which is also used on the rear of the chassis. Despite costs of adding another special armor to the tank it was thought imperative to provide increased protection against chemical energy threats to the rear of the tank. This special armor consists of a trio of S-2 glass (rated superior to E-Glass, K-49 Aramid and AS4 Carbon) bonded to a Phenolic resin, along with the third addition of add-on aluminum plates. The exchange of several layers of steel to this special armor has contributed to the loss of weight, as well.
This new turret is also the host to the new improved Giod Mk. II active protection system. The Giod Mk. I provided with 360 degree protection versus chemical energy threats with a superior chance of interception than must existing active protection systems. The Mk. II takes his to the next level by introducing a new layer oriented defense system. The original turret mounted grenade launchers were replaced by two large packs of three grenades each on the side of the turret, offering 360 degree protection. These ‘packs’ can move rapidly to meet the threat and offer a higher rate of interception than the previous design. Furthermore, the turret’s profile offers a glimpse at the next level of defense – a small missile launcher designed to engage the threat at longer ranges than the grenade launchers. The third level, or element, remains the same as on the original tank – light explosive reactive armor along the turret’s roof. Explosive reactive armor is not used anywhere else along the turret. One of the best things about the Giod Mk. II is the relatively low cost of around $560,000 per system on the first production models and then a quick-paced decline as more are produced.
Changes in the chassis
Although the chassis remains relatively the same, 1A2 production model chassis have a few changes. The exhaust duct is removed from the rear and instead a new exhaust duct put into the side of the tank, to the rear. The rear is armored by the same special armor used by the turret’s rear sections, but also incorporates a stronger steel backplate/structure and places one of three fuel tanks in a spaced container between this backplate and the special armor. The fuel should provide a small increase in protection, decreasing the amount of necessary steel and thus making the tank much lighter (in conjunction with the use of said special armor). Another fuel tank is positioned near the front of the tank, while the third fuel tank rests on the side of the tank opposite that of the exhaust duct. These are all also spaced to add increased protection, although the front fuel tank offers almost no protection against kinetic energy threats (except the spacing itself).
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As said above, the glacis plate is protected by CAM II. The side of the hull is protected only by steel, and is generally useful for up to against 20-25mm ammunition. However, the forward areas of the sides are protected by the application of a new heavy explosive reactive armor named ‘Asteriox’. Asteriox remains one of the most advanced heavy explosive armors in use around the world and is a general improvement over the prior heavy ERA used on the Nakíl 1A1. Despite the fact that Asteriox is a much more bulky system, the use of titanium negates much of the weight increase expected due to volume increase. The idea of heavy ERA is expanded to the point where it no longer relies on just a number of flying plates. The first level of defense used by this new HERA is a series of segmented steel plates set up behind a thin initiator plate (to avoid reactions against small threats) – these segmented steel plates hit incoming kinetic energy penetrators in a successive action, many times ‘slicing and dicing’ the penetrator and rendering it less effective. However, like the older HERA used on the 1A1 it still relies on three forward flying steel plates and a bulkier titanium rear-moving backplate. However, this new ERA offers much more protection than earlier versions and makes it even superior against kinetic energy threats. Although this heavy explosive armor is not used on the turret, it is used on the glacis, covering roughly 96% of the surface area.
Foreseeing a sharp change in the Havenic defense after the Empire first began to encroach into the borders of Safe haven, added protection against mines has been included. The general shape of the chassis, to the front of the tank, has been changed from a more rectangular layout to a triangular layout. One of the most important additions has been the installment of several titanium bottom plates, slightly spaced, which not only protect against mine blasts of up to 10kgs, but avoid fracturing of the floor boards due to the shockwaves of the explosion. The bottom plates also work to deflect the blast, minimizing damage done to the vehicle. This also includes protection against the latest mines based on explosively formed projectile charges.
Armament
The original solid propellant gun, with liquid propellant assist, has been exchanged by a full liquid propellant electrothermal-chemical cannon. The advantages are many: there is no longer a need for the base plate, there is no need to logistically prepare for two different propellant types, and volume necessary for storage is decreased since there is no longer a need for the solid propellant. In turn, the liquid propellant only occupied around 70-80% of the volume required for the same amount of solid propellant. There, however, was very little change in actual muzzle energy and velocity. The technology remains relatively simple and turns out to be less complex than it was before. The liquid propellant is no longer laser ignited after being pumped into the combustion chamber of the breech. Instead, it’s ignited by the plasma itself and thereupon regulated. The required electricity is in turn provided by a new generation lithium-ion under-armor auxiliary power unit which is also shared by the tank’s gas turbine.
The true killing power of the 1A2 relies solely on the new XG.457 armor piercing fin stabilized discarding sabot. The new round is truly the next-generation penetrator and can penetrate the armor of most tanks in the world. The XG.457 is a tube-rod penetrator, having a diameter of 47.9mm and an initial length of 980mm. In flight, the drag on the fins and on the bulkier tube will cause the tube to move back while the rod extends outwards, allowing the round to extend to an average of 1580mm, during flight. This is assuming a limited extension, leaving an average of 200mm non-extended. During actual application standard deviation is averaged at 6%. The rod does not have an arrowhead conical section, but instead uses a superior cruciform cross-section. All the while, both the rod and the tube consist of a depleted uranium core, which also has a minute amount of osmium bonded to increase penetrator density. This core is jacketed by a dense amorphous metal matrix composite. Finally, muzzle velocity is kept standard through flight by the use of a small ramjet. The object is not to increase range, but to keep the penetrator at an optimal velocity for penetration across flight – the ramjet begins to fail at 8kms, where a sharp decrease in velocity is experienced. Although this highly complex round is also very expensive the penetration is well worth the cost and hardships of manufacture. On average, the XG.457 has been found to penetrate 2,300mm of steel equivalent.
The turret keeps the two 'Fastdraw' autoloaders in the rear turret bustle area. Another fifteen rounds are stowed in fix containers in the rear area of the hull, where space was made available through the reduction of volume of the new engine. This ammunition can be accessed by the crew when replenishment of the magazines is necessary - however, the turret must be in a certain position so that the crew can access this stowage area through the turret basket.
The tank’s gunner also controls a S12LP/S13 .221 co-axial machine gun, heavily based on the Mekugian S12, although manufactured in the Empire. The major difference is the use of a liquid propellant, as opposed to a solid propellant, given that Imperial .221 Orchomenos ammunition is a liquid propellant design. This means that a large part of the internal work of the rifle is tampered with. However, the operation system is identical to that of the Mekugian S12, as is the majority of the rest of machine gun. The tank commander retains his remotely controlled heavy machine gun, although the original design is replaced with the Mekugian S30 which remains identical (Mekugian ammunition in use). The tank’s turret also hosts a 60mm internal mortar.
Electronics and the crew
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A new model of crew suspended seats has been included in order to provide further protection against mine damage against the crew. The commander was provided with an independent commander’s thermal viewer, identical to that of the gunner’s. Target acquisition has been improved by 65%, and target hand-off by 40%. Communications between tank commanders has been further improved by the inclusion of a peer to peer secured instant message network. The keyboard is bolted down and there are a series of before-hand coded messages to allow for quicker communications. Finally, all of the optical and digital sights used by the tank have been made safe-eye to protect against enemy blinders.
Mobility
The original 1690hp gas turbine has been replaced by a brand new 1700hp (actual output is much higher) gas turbine named the GRS-100. This new turbine featured a volume reduction of 15%, for a similar horsepower output, a reduced parts count of 43% and improved reliability by at least 400%. With the same fuel capacity as on the 1A1 this new engine can allow a further 140 kilometers of travel distance. Heat output has also been reduced by a superior cooling system. The best of all is that this engine is not more expensive than the prior engine and includes all of the advantages and computerization of the prior gas turbine! The gas turbine remains much more quiet, while the gas expenditure disadvantage is almost no longer existent. This new engine is coupled with a brand new transmission which sends around 83% of the engine’s horsepower output to the sprocket, or 1,411hp – this is unprecedented. The tank’s suspension remains largely the same, although instead have been replaced with all-titanium parts. This has not only reduced weight, but it has allowed for much greater performance and much less maintenance work. Not only this, but the all titanium parts in conjunction with the allowance of a much larger vertical rebound for the roadwheels allows the Nakíl 1A2 to have a much greater off-road velocity than other competitors.
Brand new tracks have also been introduced with this brand new tank model. The object is to keep the same service time, but reduce weight. For that reason, the sprocket’s teeth no longer interact with the end-connectors of the tracks, but instead with the track pad itself – removing pressure on the connecting bolt. Because of this, the volume of the end-connector can be decreased as the only job it has is to connect the tracks. This also means only lighter tools are necessary for the crew to maintain tracks on the field, while only the track pad itself and the rubber bad are now worn down by the tank’s movement – maintenance is cheaper. It has been found that this new track reduces the weight of the tracks by half a tonne!
Conclusions
The Nakíl 1A2 will probably remain in service well after the end of the War of Golden Succession, although nothing can be said for sure. According to released government reports there is already a successor vehicle being designed, and it’s rumored that the 1A2 will be the last ‘conventional’ tank of the series. This successor vehicle is being called the ‘Nakíl 2’. However, pragmatist have argued that the 1A2 will continue to be in use for at least a decade to come, and new technologies will be applied to the 1A2, as opposed to released with the Nakíl 2. Furthermore, there is information released on two upcoming upgrades for the 1A1. One will be the 1A1U, which is an upgrade destined only for specific nations. This upgrade will bring the 1A1 close to 1A2 standards. The majority of future upgrades for the 1A1 will be of the 1A1GU form, and this will be sold to anyone willing to pay. This will not only be offered as an upgrade, but new 1A1GUs will be produced for export. The Nakíl is likely to remain the most exported tank in history for quite a while, and this is a tribute to the excellence of the series.
Statblock:
Manufacturer: Imperial Land-Systems
Crew: 3
Weight: 61,830.28kg
Power to Weight Ratio: 27.5 hp/t
Length: 7.97m
Length of Gun: 6.96m
Width: 3.8m
Height: 2.6m
Ground Clearance: .4m
Engine: 1700 hp Gas Turbine
Maximum Velocity: 74km/h
Range: 640km
Range With External Tanks: 1,130km
Trench: 5.6m
Step: 5.6m
Vertical Obstacle: 1.4m
Ford Unprepared: 1.8m
Ford Prepared: 6m
Climbing Gradient: 40x
Fire and Control Computer: Cornerstone
Armament:
120mm Light Weight High Breech Pressure Liquid Propellant ETC
1x .221mm Co-Axial
1x S30 HMG
1x 60mm mortar
Ammunition:
48 Rounds in turret/ 48 rounds in chassis
1,200 Rounds
700 Rounds
30 Rounds
Main Gun Depression: -10/+30 degrees
Armor [Rolled Homogenous Equivalent with ERA vs. KE]:
Lower Hull: 1,100mm
Glacis: 2,730mm
Front 1/3 Side Hull: 925mm
Front Side Turret/ Side Turret: 1,070mm
Upper Front Turret: 890mm
Rear Turret: 440mm
Rear Hull: 598.5mm
Side Hull: 1,198.5mm
Mantlet: 2,975mm
Weakened Zone: 3,150mm
Front Turret Corners: 2,975mm
Side Turret: 880mm
Roof: 235mm
Armor [Rolled Homogenous Equivalent with ERA vs. CE]:
Lower Hull: 1,800mm
Glacis: 3,380mm
Front 1/3 Side Hull: 1,350mm
Front Side Turret/Side Turret: 1,590mm
Upper Front Turret: 2,345mm
Rear Turret: 1,798mm
Rear Hull: 1,787mm
Side Hull: 1,700mm
Mantlet: 3,940mm
Weakened Zone: 3,975mm
Front Turret Corners: 3,750mm
Side Turret: 1,030mm
Roof: 415mm
Suspension: Active and Dynamic Hydropneumatic Suspension System of all Ti parts
Sensors & Range:
4th Generation FLIR @ 13km targeting range; 8km classification range
3rd Generation LADAR @ ~10km classification range
3rd Generation CITV
Mast Millimeter Wave [MMW] RADAR @ 11km classification range
Night Vision: Integrated with sensors.
NBC Protection: Air-tight chassis and turret, air filtration and overpressure air conditioning system, masks and uniforms.
Arca. IV Nakíl Ausva. B / Nakíl 1A2 ‘Battleaxe’
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The Original Nakíl
The Nakíl 1A1s purpose was to provide a powerful, state-of-the-art main battle tank to replace Imperial Broadswords (a civil war relic – although they were upgraded around the same time production of the Nakíl 1A1 began) and the faulty Cougar (later to be re-named a heavy tank). Between September 2016 and April 2017 exactly 11,000 Nakíl 1A1s were produced for the Ejermacht, although only 600 were produced in September and 800 in October, before the full production quota of 1,200 per month was fulfilled. The Nakíl 1A1 proved to be completely superior to everything the enemy could muster, whether it was Stevidian, Havenic or imported from abroad. When compare to other Imperial tanks, such as the Broadsword and the Cougar, the Nakíl far surpassed them in capabilities in all sectors of the spectrum! Between July and October 2016 the Empire would also import 2,400 UT-1s and over 10,000 tanks of various models that were being replaced in Juumanistra by more advanced designs. The Nakíl proved superior to these, as well, both in actual live combat and in field testing. In fact, the Battle of Ishme-Dagan, hailed as the largest mechanized battle in the history of man, the Nakíl made itself a household name within the domains of all of the Empire’s enemies and allies. The success of the tank lied on its dominant characteristics, including firepower, mobility and protection. Moreover, the Nakíl included much of the small details that the Cougar didn’t, making it much more effective – crew communications was enhanced not only inside the tank, but outside, allowing tanks to communicate with each other much more efficiently. A definite advantage over enemy tanks was the inclusion of a battlefield management system, which allowed Nakíl crews to defeat numerically superior enemies due to the fact that tactical and strategic cooperation was made infinitely easier.
The tank’s success on the open market is testament to its capabilities. On February 2017, in order to make revenue to pay for some of the war costs, the Empire green lighted the sale of the tank by Kriegzimmer. Between February 2017 and May 2025 1,830,360 Nakíl 1A1s were sold to twenty-eight separate customers, making it the most widely sold and produced tank in history – all within the span of a single model. This number does not include the amount of tank surrogates produced from independently manufactured Nakíl tank chassis. Many of these tanks were resold, and the tank continues to be proliferated after 2025. The required production numbers were easily handled by huge Kriegzimmer complexes, and by factories built thereafter to accommodate new orders. Furthermore, of great importance, many Nakíl 1A1s were produced at home by the client after a memorandum of understanding between the parties concerned. Although Kriegzimmer unfortunately closed and sold its factories by May 2017 production would continue unabated and despite the many companies that purchased and broke-up the economic empire which was once Kriegzimmer orders were still taken. The final order was placed by Hamilay in May 2017, for 100,000 tanks. The largest clients included Allanea, with 300,000 tanks procured – and 100,000 later given away to Whyatica, and an unknown number to Hataria -, Uldarious with 280,000, Angelonisia with 250,000, Otagia with 126,720, Hamilay with the aforementioned number and finally, Mer des Ennuis with a total of 98,304 procured. This said, the amount of procuring was unprecedented, and remains unprecedented, as well as the amount of production undertaken.
However, the tank’s universal success proved to undermine its importance within the Ejermacht. It’s wide proliferation also made specific information on the tank widely known, despite efforts by the various designers to keep important information under wraps by limiting production of certain spare parts to Imperial factories – it should be noted that many exported tanks had several things changed in order to ease their logistics, and to avoid relying on Kriegzimmer for spare parts (this was fundamental taking into consideration the fall of Kriegzimmer – spare parts were not delivered for two to three months, although fortunately enough not many tanks had been exported the month of the fall). Nevertheless, the tank’s weaknesses were widely advertised and it was obvious that there would have to be some serious modernization efforts and modifications in order to keep ahead of the Empire’s enemies – namely tank producers such as Stevid (also a client of Clan Smoke Jaguar). As early as October 2017, during the battle of Ishme-Dagan, Fuermak General Staff asked several growing defense companies in the Empire to congregate once again, under the leadership of Kriegzimmer, to design a tank based on the Nakíl, but completely superior to it. This was easier than some think. The Nakíl 1A1’s design had been done in haste, as a replacement was urgently needed for the Cougar. Although much of the 1A1’s characteristics were based on research done during the Cougar design period, many things had to be rushed. Because of this, many things were omitted. Furthermore, Ishme-Dagan and operations thereafter gave the Empire much insight on improvements on the Nakíl design.
Experience from the battlefield reported, for example, that the gun tube lasted much less than 800 fired rounds. In actuality, it was found that gun barrels would have to be replaced as quickly as every 400 rounds, although this would fluctuate, most of the time for the better. Although even 400 rounds before replacement is considerably superior to the barrel wear rate of many other tanks this simply was not acceptable for a nation which had to cut corners logistics wise. The light-weight suspension and road wheels, although effective for what they were originally designed for, were also ordered to be replaced by more durable suspension pieces – although their break down rate was good, it was found that it could be made better at the expense of weight. There were also technological breakthroughs which would allow the next version to be clearly superior to its early-born sister. The design team was ordered to decrease weight, but to increase protection and efficiency – a seemingly impossible task. Despite the daunting work ahead of it, the team finally unveiled its product in early January 2017 and passed with flying-colors – another reason export of the 1A1 was finally allowed in February 2017. Between late January and April 2017 it would undergo significant field testing, and production began in May 2017.
Nakíl 1A2 – Significant Historical Milestones
Although the tank will be explained in much greater detail below, this section details a history of the pre-production era of the Nakíl 1A2. As said above, the Nakíl 1A2 project began on 11 October, 2016, when Emperor Fedor I dispatched his approval of a new tank project to Fuermak headquarters in Gar’tonsk – some 70 kilometers outside of Fedala. It was only the next day when orders, signed by the chief of general staff, were sent to the Ejermacht which detailed a procedure to congregate the best engineers from the most relevant defense industries in the Empire. By 17 October this team had been put together and a memorandum of understanding signed between the companies which agreed to take part in the project. The changes which were to be made to the original chassis were clear, and by and by the chassis would remain the same. Changes to the chassis were completed by 4 December of that year and after revision were finalized on 3 January, 2017. The most complicated part would be the design of a brand new turret which would be finalized only by 11 January. A prototype was hastily constructed on 15 January and introduced to the Ejermacht for testing the next day (PT-1). A second test would require a second prototype by 19 January (PT-2). However, despite the Nakíl 1A2s success during these tests the Ejermacht refused to make a decision on definite procurement and ordered Kriegzimmer to produce four well made prototypes by 2 March (PT-3 through PT-6), to be tested between 5-11 March. Kriegzimmer complied and the tests were more successful than those done in January. On 24 March 2017 it was decided to procure a total of 340,000 tanks – 46,800 of these would form 150 new armored divisions, with 312 tanks a piece. These divisions would be deployed specifically to SafeHaven2 in an effort to bring overwhelming force to an army which was on the brink of defeat (especially after Ishme-Dagan). A further 150 divisions would be created to be deployed to other fronts. The rest of the tanks would sit in storage to provide replacements, and many tanks would have to replace tanks lost before the new batch was ready (this is war, after all).
Despite the fact that the Ejermacht would later attempt to revise the number of tanks procured it was eventually disallowed from lowering the number on account of the producers not wanting to risk a fall in total production post-war – given that such massive production would no longer be necessary. Therefore, many tanks produced would be superfluous and this would be made more obvious post-war when an army size reduction program would come in effect. Even prior to the war’s end there were plans to distribute existing tanks amongst occupied areas of enemy nations to arm local militias and occupation armies. In occupied territories in Zarbia and SafeHaven2, for example, local citizens would be recruited to form ‘auxiliary divisions’ and were deployed abroad. Despite the illegality of this program in Zarbia it was never blocked (Zarbia was never legally occupied, in the first place – there was never an official paper which signed over occupied territory; it remains disputed).
In any case, in May four new prototypes (PT-7 through PT-10) were constructed and sent to the Ejermacht for testing against existing Nakíl 1A1 tanks. The Nakíl 1A2 prototypes were superior in accuracy, mobility, firepower, protection, crew comfort, efficiency, et cetera. This sealed the grave for the Nakíl 1A1, at least within the Imperial army (the Nakíl 1A1 would continue to serve abroad for at least a decade or more).
Exports
Although the Nakíl 1A2 was designed specifically for use of the Ejermacht in mind some exports were in fact cleared. Despite Allanea’s purchase of 300,000 Nakíl 1A1s – an order which was fulfilled between February 2017 and August 2019 – Allanea immediately placed an order for 275,000 replacements for $2,631,029,500,000. These were produced between January 2019 and July 2020. Mer des Ennuis procured replacements for existing 1A1s, and then some more, and this order was completed between August 2018 and March 2021 – a total of 241,152 were ultimately produced in exchange for $2,600,906,793,984. Between January 2019 and January 2020 30,000 tanks were produced for Willink ($407,036,700,000), and 20,000 tanks for No Endorse ($271,357,800,000), with the option to procure more at a later date. At the same time, 240,000 tanks were delivered to The Silver Sky for $3,328,192,000,000. Every nation the tank was exported to was given the right to build locally and all were given limited production rights to the tanks and unlimited production rights to the parts. With the same deal, 50,000 tanks were produced for Space Union between January 2019 and July 2020 for the price of $539,172,800,000. Velkya purchased limited production rights, totaling $1.23 trillion, for 100,000 Nakíl 1A2s, which began delivery in March 2019 and finalized in January 2022. All in all, 956,142 Nakíl 1A2 main battle tanks would be produced in 7 separate nations as exports for a total of $10.1 trillion.
Does a new turret a new tank make? – Armada International, 3/2004
The wide proliferation of the Nakíl 1A1 forced national defense companies to not just increase armor protection of the vehicle, but make it more difficult for the weaker areas of the vehicle to be hit. The main consideration remained the fact that the Ejermacht was not interested in a heavier vehicle – the experiences of the Arca. I Cougar was still vibrant. Furthermore, the requirements stated a general weight reduction! A turret change had been a consideration for quite a while, however, originally the modifications were going to be completely appliqué (similar to the addition of wedge armor to German Leopard 2A6s, or the turret modifications made to the Israeli Merkava in the several variants released to date). However, this would only increase the weight of the vehicle due to sheer bulk. As a consequence it was decided that any turret upgrade would have to be made with a brand new turret design. Weight wasn’t the only advantage of taking this route, but because of the fact that the armor would not simply be more bolt-on steel and would be more integral (to a degree, since the tank’s armor is almost completely modular) this would increase the strength of the armor to resist impact.
The new turret is a ‘narrow mantlet’ turret and is an extension of the turret unveiled during the release of the Broadsword-Tizona, a general sale upgrade of the older Broadsword main battle tank. The idea is to decrease the visible surface area of the mantlet to make it harder for the enemy to accurately engage – the shape of the turret also suggests a stealthier design. That said, it’s obvious that the primary concern of the Nakíl 1A2 ‘Battleaxe’ is to guarantee a first strike on an enemy tank, although the Battleaxe keeps a good chance of surviving a hit along its frontal arc. During the design it was considered that given the new turret it was a chance that the upper glacis would become the most lucrative target for an enemy tank, and therefore the glacis was up-armored – although this is for a later section to define.
The turret mantlet and turret corners remain armored by indigenously designed and produced ‘special armor’. However, the tank does not retain the original CAM, but uses an upgraded version designated CAM II. CAM II replaces the rear steel encasement with titanium due to superior mass efficiency. The front plate, however, is not replaced because IRHA retains a slight superiority in thickness superiority as compared to the titanium current in use (only a very slight difference). However, weight savings are largely negated by the fact that the titanium di-boride has been replaced by titanium carbide which has been found to be largely superior to common ceramics currently in use in armor around the world, although it has almost twice the density as steel. The ceramics have been further strengthened by means of embedding them in an elastomeric matrix attached to composite fibers and a metal base. In testing this has proven to allow the ceramics to better resist shattering on impact, thus giving them a better chance to defend against multiple shots. The depleted uranium rods used to reinforce the armor and give additional protection versus kinetic energy threats was replaced with depleted uranium rods jacketed in thin layers of titanium – the end result being an increase in theoretical protection. Armor Solutions International began testing with IF nanospheres in early 2010, but they were only applied to armor after the release of the Nakíl 1A1. The Nakíl 1A2 represents the first usage of IF nanospheres in any tank’s ‘special armor’. During testing IF nanospheres “[withstood] severe shocks generated by firing shots at it with impact velocities of up to 1.5km per second.” This material has been rated at five times the strength of steel and at least twice as impact-resistant, and it has reinforced much of the steel in use with the Nakíl 1A2 for experimental purposes. It is very likely that future versions of the tank will see a greater use of the material.
The new Nakíl turret is a very special case. The actual mantlet, which doesn’t extend much beyond the width of the gun breech and the co-axial and internal mortar, boasts of an actual thickness of around 340mm. However, this new turret exposes a larger amount of the front of the top – however, this turret top is sloped to a point where the forward area of the turret has almost the same protection despite the fact that actual thickness is little beyond 45mm. The rest of the turret roof has relatively minor protection. The turret corners retain a similar thickness to that of the mantlet, although slight sloping allows the reduction of the actual thickness to less than 300mm. The turret rear retains a low amount of steel for protection, and uses the basket which wraps around the rear of the turret to provide stand-off protection versus chemical energy threats, but also places high priority on the use of a new composite material which is also used on the rear of the chassis. Despite costs of adding another special armor to the tank it was thought imperative to provide increased protection against chemical energy threats to the rear of the tank. This special armor consists of a trio of S-2 glass (rated superior to E-Glass, K-49 Aramid and AS4 Carbon) bonded to a Phenolic resin, along with the third addition of add-on aluminum plates. The exchange of several layers of steel to this special armor has contributed to the loss of weight, as well.
This new turret is also the host to the new improved Giod Mk. II active protection system. The Giod Mk. I provided with 360 degree protection versus chemical energy threats with a superior chance of interception than must existing active protection systems. The Mk. II takes his to the next level by introducing a new layer oriented defense system. The original turret mounted grenade launchers were replaced by two large packs of three grenades each on the side of the turret, offering 360 degree protection. These ‘packs’ can move rapidly to meet the threat and offer a higher rate of interception than the previous design. Furthermore, the turret’s profile offers a glimpse at the next level of defense – a small missile launcher designed to engage the threat at longer ranges than the grenade launchers. The third level, or element, remains the same as on the original tank – light explosive reactive armor along the turret’s roof. Explosive reactive armor is not used anywhere else along the turret. One of the best things about the Giod Mk. II is the relatively low cost of around $560,000 per system on the first production models and then a quick-paced decline as more are produced.
Changes in the chassis
Although the chassis remains relatively the same, 1A2 production model chassis have a few changes. The exhaust duct is removed from the rear and instead a new exhaust duct put into the side of the tank, to the rear. The rear is armored by the same special armor used by the turret’s rear sections, but also incorporates a stronger steel backplate/structure and places one of three fuel tanks in a spaced container between this backplate and the special armor. The fuel should provide a small increase in protection, decreasing the amount of necessary steel and thus making the tank much lighter (in conjunction with the use of said special armor). Another fuel tank is positioned near the front of the tank, while the third fuel tank rests on the side of the tank opposite that of the exhaust duct. These are all also spaced to add increased protection, although the front fuel tank offers almost no protection against kinetic energy threats (except the spacing itself).
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As said above, the glacis plate is protected by CAM II. The side of the hull is protected only by steel, and is generally useful for up to against 20-25mm ammunition. However, the forward areas of the sides are protected by the application of a new heavy explosive reactive armor named ‘Asteriox’. Asteriox remains one of the most advanced heavy explosive armors in use around the world and is a general improvement over the prior heavy ERA used on the Nakíl 1A1. Despite the fact that Asteriox is a much more bulky system, the use of titanium negates much of the weight increase expected due to volume increase. The idea of heavy ERA is expanded to the point where it no longer relies on just a number of flying plates. The first level of defense used by this new HERA is a series of segmented steel plates set up behind a thin initiator plate (to avoid reactions against small threats) – these segmented steel plates hit incoming kinetic energy penetrators in a successive action, many times ‘slicing and dicing’ the penetrator and rendering it less effective. However, like the older HERA used on the 1A1 it still relies on three forward flying steel plates and a bulkier titanium rear-moving backplate. However, this new ERA offers much more protection than earlier versions and makes it even superior against kinetic energy threats. Although this heavy explosive armor is not used on the turret, it is used on the glacis, covering roughly 96% of the surface area.
Foreseeing a sharp change in the Havenic defense after the Empire first began to encroach into the borders of Safe haven, added protection against mines has been included. The general shape of the chassis, to the front of the tank, has been changed from a more rectangular layout to a triangular layout. One of the most important additions has been the installment of several titanium bottom plates, slightly spaced, which not only protect against mine blasts of up to 10kgs, but avoid fracturing of the floor boards due to the shockwaves of the explosion. The bottom plates also work to deflect the blast, minimizing damage done to the vehicle. This also includes protection against the latest mines based on explosively formed projectile charges.
Armament
The original solid propellant gun, with liquid propellant assist, has been exchanged by a full liquid propellant electrothermal-chemical cannon. The advantages are many: there is no longer a need for the base plate, there is no need to logistically prepare for two different propellant types, and volume necessary for storage is decreased since there is no longer a need for the solid propellant. In turn, the liquid propellant only occupied around 70-80% of the volume required for the same amount of solid propellant. There, however, was very little change in actual muzzle energy and velocity. The technology remains relatively simple and turns out to be less complex than it was before. The liquid propellant is no longer laser ignited after being pumped into the combustion chamber of the breech. Instead, it’s ignited by the plasma itself and thereupon regulated. The required electricity is in turn provided by a new generation lithium-ion under-armor auxiliary power unit which is also shared by the tank’s gas turbine.
The true killing power of the 1A2 relies solely on the new XG.457 armor piercing fin stabilized discarding sabot. The new round is truly the next-generation penetrator and can penetrate the armor of most tanks in the world. The XG.457 is a tube-rod penetrator, having a diameter of 47.9mm and an initial length of 980mm. In flight, the drag on the fins and on the bulkier tube will cause the tube to move back while the rod extends outwards, allowing the round to extend to an average of 1580mm, during flight. This is assuming a limited extension, leaving an average of 200mm non-extended. During actual application standard deviation is averaged at 6%. The rod does not have an arrowhead conical section, but instead uses a superior cruciform cross-section. All the while, both the rod and the tube consist of a depleted uranium core, which also has a minute amount of osmium bonded to increase penetrator density. This core is jacketed by a dense amorphous metal matrix composite. Finally, muzzle velocity is kept standard through flight by the use of a small ramjet. The object is not to increase range, but to keep the penetrator at an optimal velocity for penetration across flight – the ramjet begins to fail at 8kms, where a sharp decrease in velocity is experienced. Although this highly complex round is also very expensive the penetration is well worth the cost and hardships of manufacture. On average, the XG.457 has been found to penetrate 2,300mm of steel equivalent.
The turret keeps the two 'Fastdraw' autoloaders in the rear turret bustle area. Another fifteen rounds are stowed in fix containers in the rear area of the hull, where space was made available through the reduction of volume of the new engine. This ammunition can be accessed by the crew when replenishment of the magazines is necessary - however, the turret must be in a certain position so that the crew can access this stowage area through the turret basket.
The tank’s gunner also controls a S12LP/S13 .221 co-axial machine gun, heavily based on the Mekugian S12, although manufactured in the Empire. The major difference is the use of a liquid propellant, as opposed to a solid propellant, given that Imperial .221 Orchomenos ammunition is a liquid propellant design. This means that a large part of the internal work of the rifle is tampered with. However, the operation system is identical to that of the Mekugian S12, as is the majority of the rest of machine gun. The tank commander retains his remotely controlled heavy machine gun, although the original design is replaced with the Mekugian S30 which remains identical (Mekugian ammunition in use). The tank’s turret also hosts a 60mm internal mortar.
Electronics and the crew
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A new model of crew suspended seats has been included in order to provide further protection against mine damage against the crew. The commander was provided with an independent commander’s thermal viewer, identical to that of the gunner’s. Target acquisition has been improved by 65%, and target hand-off by 40%. Communications between tank commanders has been further improved by the inclusion of a peer to peer secured instant message network. The keyboard is bolted down and there are a series of before-hand coded messages to allow for quicker communications. Finally, all of the optical and digital sights used by the tank have been made safe-eye to protect against enemy blinders.
Mobility
The original 1690hp gas turbine has been replaced by a brand new 1700hp (actual output is much higher) gas turbine named the GRS-100. This new turbine featured a volume reduction of 15%, for a similar horsepower output, a reduced parts count of 43% and improved reliability by at least 400%. With the same fuel capacity as on the 1A1 this new engine can allow a further 140 kilometers of travel distance. Heat output has also been reduced by a superior cooling system. The best of all is that this engine is not more expensive than the prior engine and includes all of the advantages and computerization of the prior gas turbine! The gas turbine remains much more quiet, while the gas expenditure disadvantage is almost no longer existent. This new engine is coupled with a brand new transmission which sends around 83% of the engine’s horsepower output to the sprocket, or 1,411hp – this is unprecedented. The tank’s suspension remains largely the same, although instead have been replaced with all-titanium parts. This has not only reduced weight, but it has allowed for much greater performance and much less maintenance work. Not only this, but the all titanium parts in conjunction with the allowance of a much larger vertical rebound for the roadwheels allows the Nakíl 1A2 to have a much greater off-road velocity than other competitors.
Brand new tracks have also been introduced with this brand new tank model. The object is to keep the same service time, but reduce weight. For that reason, the sprocket’s teeth no longer interact with the end-connectors of the tracks, but instead with the track pad itself – removing pressure on the connecting bolt. Because of this, the volume of the end-connector can be decreased as the only job it has is to connect the tracks. This also means only lighter tools are necessary for the crew to maintain tracks on the field, while only the track pad itself and the rubber bad are now worn down by the tank’s movement – maintenance is cheaper. It has been found that this new track reduces the weight of the tracks by half a tonne!
Conclusions
The Nakíl 1A2 will probably remain in service well after the end of the War of Golden Succession, although nothing can be said for sure. According to released government reports there is already a successor vehicle being designed, and it’s rumored that the 1A2 will be the last ‘conventional’ tank of the series. This successor vehicle is being called the ‘Nakíl 2’. However, pragmatist have argued that the 1A2 will continue to be in use for at least a decade to come, and new technologies will be applied to the 1A2, as opposed to released with the Nakíl 2. Furthermore, there is information released on two upcoming upgrades for the 1A1. One will be the 1A1U, which is an upgrade destined only for specific nations. This upgrade will bring the 1A1 close to 1A2 standards. The majority of future upgrades for the 1A1 will be of the 1A1GU form, and this will be sold to anyone willing to pay. This will not only be offered as an upgrade, but new 1A1GUs will be produced for export. The Nakíl is likely to remain the most exported tank in history for quite a while, and this is a tribute to the excellence of the series.
Statblock:
Manufacturer: Imperial Land-Systems
Crew: 3
Weight: 61,830.28kg
Power to Weight Ratio: 27.5 hp/t
Length: 7.97m
Length of Gun: 6.96m
Width: 3.8m
Height: 2.6m
Ground Clearance: .4m
Engine: 1700 hp Gas Turbine
Maximum Velocity: 74km/h
Range: 640km
Range With External Tanks: 1,130km
Trench: 5.6m
Step: 5.6m
Vertical Obstacle: 1.4m
Ford Unprepared: 1.8m
Ford Prepared: 6m
Climbing Gradient: 40x
Fire and Control Computer: Cornerstone
Armament:
120mm Light Weight High Breech Pressure Liquid Propellant ETC
1x .221mm Co-Axial
1x S30 HMG
1x 60mm mortar
Ammunition:
48 Rounds in turret/ 48 rounds in chassis
1,200 Rounds
700 Rounds
30 Rounds
Main Gun Depression: -10/+30 degrees
Armor [Rolled Homogenous Equivalent with ERA vs. KE]:
Lower Hull: 1,100mm
Glacis: 2,730mm
Front 1/3 Side Hull: 925mm
Front Side Turret/ Side Turret: 1,070mm
Upper Front Turret: 890mm
Rear Turret: 440mm
Rear Hull: 598.5mm
Side Hull: 1,198.5mm
Mantlet: 2,975mm
Weakened Zone: 3,150mm
Front Turret Corners: 2,975mm
Side Turret: 880mm
Roof: 235mm
Armor [Rolled Homogenous Equivalent with ERA vs. CE]:
Lower Hull: 1,800mm
Glacis: 3,380mm
Front 1/3 Side Hull: 1,350mm
Front Side Turret/Side Turret: 1,590mm
Upper Front Turret: 2,345mm
Rear Turret: 1,798mm
Rear Hull: 1,787mm
Side Hull: 1,700mm
Mantlet: 3,940mm
Weakened Zone: 3,975mm
Front Turret Corners: 3,750mm
Side Turret: 1,030mm
Roof: 415mm
Suspension: Active and Dynamic Hydropneumatic Suspension System of all Ti parts
Sensors & Range:
4th Generation FLIR @ 13km targeting range; 8km classification range
3rd Generation LADAR @ ~10km classification range
3rd Generation CITV
Mast Millimeter Wave [MMW] RADAR @ 11km classification range
Night Vision: Integrated with sensors.
NBC Protection: Air-tight chassis and turret, air filtration and overpressure air conditioning system, masks and uniforms.