NationStates Jolt Archive

PLEASE NOTE: This is a reference thread and is not meant for replies. It is (and will be for a while) a work in progress.

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Introduction

This thread will bring together much information to do with the Commonwealth, which will include but will not be limited to, factbook, history, military and related/informational threads. Hopefully this thread will allow myself and others to keep track of vital information to do with the Commonwealth, and will enable them to access it quickly and easily.

Unless otherwise indicated the information contained here is official public knowledge.

Contents


1.0 Introduction (http://forums.jolt.co.uk/showpost.php?p=12406059&postcount=1)
2.0 Basic Figures and Statistics (http://forums.jolt.co.uk/showpost.php?p=12406059&postcount=2)


2.1 Hirgizstanian States in North America (http://forums.jolt.co.uk/showpost.php?p=12409042&postcount=3)
2.2 Hirgizstanian States in Europe (http://forums.jolt.co.uk/showpost.php?p=12410050&postcount=4)
2.3 Hirgizstanian States in the Indian Ocean (http://forums.jolt.co.uk/showpost.php?p=12410106&postcount=5)
2.4 Hirgizstanian States in the Atlantic Ocean (http://forums.jolt.co.uk/showpost.php?p=12410106&postcount=5)
2.5 Hirgizstanian States in Africa (http://forums.jolt.co.uk/showpost.php?p=12411066&postcount=7)
2.6 Hirgizstanian States in Africa-Part Two (http://forums.jolt.co.uk/showpost.php?p=12412808&postcount=8)
2.7 Hirgizstanian States in Africa-Part Three (http://forums.jolt.co.uk/showpost.php?p=12413481&postcount=9)
2.8 Hirgizstanian Pacific Ocean Territory (http://forums.jolt.co.uk/showpost.php?p=12413492&postcount=10)


3.0 Vital Information (http://forums.jolt.co.uk/showpost.php?p=12414010&postcount=11)


3.1 Climate (http://forums.jolt.co.uk/showpost.php?p=12416056&postcount=12)
3.2 Geography (http://forums.jolt.co.uk/showpost.php?p=12424085&postcount=13)
3.3 Economy (http://forums.jolt.co.uk/showpost.php?p=12442628&postcount=14)
3.4 Culture (http://forums.jolt.co.uk/showpost.php?p=12454130&postcount=15)
3.5 Demographics (http://forums.jolt.co.uk/showpost.php?p=12527322&postcount=16)


4.0 Administrative Details (http://forums.jolt.co.uk/showpost.php?p=12537193&postcount=17)


4.1 Administrative Divisions (http://forums.jolt.co.uk/showpost.php?p=12537965&postcount=18)
4.2 Federal Government (http://forums.jolt.co.uk/showpost.php?p=12541200&postcount=19)
4.3 Local Government (http://forums.jolt.co.uk/showpost.php?p=12586223&postcount=20)
4.4 State Government (http://forums.jolt.co.uk/showpost.php?p=12586234&postcount=21)
4.5 Domestic Policies (http://forums.jolt.co.uk/showpost.php?p=12586304&postcount=22)

Basic Figures and Statistics



Statistics

Full Name: The Commonwealth of Hirgizstan
Common Name: Commonwealth/COH
National Animal: Wolf
National Anthem: Glory to the Nation (Official); Battle Hymn of the Republic (Traditional); The Bonnie Blue Flag/Dixie (Popular)
National Motto: "War, its Fantastic."
Official Language(s): English, North Germanian and Spanish
Capital: Hirgizstan City [Praia]
Largest City: Lusaka
Government: Authoritarian Republic
Head of State: The Fuhrer
Head of Government: The Fuhrer
Seat of State: The White House, Hirgizstan City
Seat of Government: The White House, Hirgizstan City
Location of Congress: Capitol Hill, Hirgizstan City
Independence Day: 8th December, 1016 [From Kameze Nation]
Constitution: May 24th, 1798
Largest Religion: Christianity
Total Area: 5,999,058.78 m²/15,537,490.26 km²
Total Population (2007 Est.): 4,478,000,000.00 (4.5 Billion)
Currency: National Credits
Internet TLD: .coh, .gov, .mil, .edu
Calling Code: +45



Organization & Leadership

National: The Fuhrer
Federal: The Fuhrer, Congress (Senate and House of Representatives)
State: State Governor and State Legislature
County: County Executive
Cities, Towns, Villages: Mayor, Commissioner, Executive



States

There are 37 States in the Commonwealth.

State of Arizona
State of Benin
State of Burkina Faso
State of Burundi
State of Cape Verde
State of Northern Congo (Central African Republic)
State of Chad
State of Colorado
State of Zaire (Democratic Republic of the Congo)
State of Djibouti
State of Northern Abyssinia (Eritrea)
State of Abyssinia
State of Gambia
State of Greece (Macedonia, Thrace, North Aegean)
State of Rhodes (Island of Rhodes and South Aegean)
State of Crete
State of Ghana
State of Guinea
State of Northern Guinea (Guinea-Bassau)
State of Idaho
State of Ivory Coast (Cote D'Ivoire)
State of Northern Liberia (Liberia)
State of Libya
State of New Mexico
State of Northern Nigeria (Niger)
State of Nigeria
State of Oregon
State of Rwanda
State of Senegal
State of Seychelles
State of Sierra Leone
State of Sudan
State of Togo
State of Uganda
State of Utah
State of Washington
State of Zambia


Pacific Ocean Territory

There is 1 Pacific Ocean Territory in the Commonwealth.

Howland Island

Hirgizstanian States in North America

ARIZONA

Statistics

Total Area: 113,998 m² (295,254 km²)
Highest Point: Humphreys Peak (12,633ft/3,851m)
Time Zone: GMT-5
Capital: Phoenix
Largest City: Phoenix
State Governor: Alfred D. Rawlins
Senators: Janet Nicholson, Mark McCann
Abbreviations: AZ, COH-AZ


Map

http://i.infoplease.com/images/marizona.gif


COLORADO

Statistics

Total Area: 104,185 m² (269,837 km²)
Highest Point: Mount Elbert (14,440ft/4401m)
Time Zone: GMT-5
Capital: Denver
Largest City: Denver
State Governor: Mike Hook
Senators: Bobby Jackson, Filmore Berry
Abbreviations: CO, COH-CO


Map

http://i.infoplease.com/images/mcolorado.gif


IDAHO

Statistics

Total Area: 83,642 m² (216,632 km²)
Highest Point: Borah Peak (12,662ft/3,862m)
Time Zone: GMT-5
Capital: Boise
Largest City: Boise
State Governor: Teddy Goldberg
Senators: Sean Tucker, Natalie Henderson
Abbreviations: ID, COH-ID


Map

http://i.infoplease.com/images/midaho.gif


NEW MEXICO

Statistics

Total Area: 121,665 m² (315,194 km²)
Highest Point: Wheeler Peak (13,161ft/4,014m)
Time Zone: GMT-5
Capital: Sante Fe
Largest City: Albuquerque
State Governor: Stephen Nickson
Senators: Jim Tyler, Toby Adams
Abbreviations: NM, COH-NM


Map

http://i.infoplease.com/images/mnewmexico.gif


OREGON

Statistics

Total Area: 98,466 m²(255,026 km²)
Highest Point: Mount Hood (11,239ft/3,425m)
Time Zone: GMT-4
Capital: Salem
Largest City: Portland
State Governor: James Rynbaum
Senators: Ty Devala, Mary MacDonald
Abbreviations: OR, COH-OR


Map

http://i.infoplease.com/images/moregon.gif

UTAH

Statistics

Total Area: 84,876 m²(219,887 km²)
Highest Point: Kings Peak (13,528ft/4,126m)
Time Zone: GMT-5
Capital: Salt Lake City
Largest City: Salt Lake City
State Governor: Mitchell Cottswood
Senators: Sandy Twain, Karl Finnegan
Abbreviations: UT, COH-UT


Map

http://i.infoplease.com/images/mutah.gif


WASHINGTON

Statistics

Total Area: 71,342 m² (184,827 km²)
Highest Point: Mount Rainier (14,410ft/4,395m)
Time Zone: GMT-4
Capital: Olympia
Largest City: Seattle
State Governor: Joe Coburn
Senators: Tom Katzenberg, Jerry Sieles
Abbreviations: WA, COH-WA


Map

http://i.infoplease.com/images/mwashington.gif

Hirgizstanian States in Europe

CRETE

Statistics

Total Area: 3,219 m² (8,336 km²)
Highest Point: Mount Ida (8,057ft/2,456m)
Time Zone: GMT-13
Capital: Heraklion
Largest City: Heraklion
State Governor: George Markoupos
Senators: Odysseus Vinizolos, Sitia Mathonos
Abbreviations: CR, COH-CR


Map

http://www.gto.gr/images/mapfiles_en/kriti.gif


GREECE

Statistics

Total Area: 17,860 m² (46,255 km²)
Highest Point: Mount Olympus (9,570ft/2,917m)
Time Zone: GMT-13
Capital: Alexandropolis
Largest City: Alexandropolis
State Governor: Constanzos R. Metaxas
Senators: Loziedes Kuchazos, Maria Kostanzos
Abbreviations: GR, COH-GR


Map

https://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/maps/gr-map.gif


RHODES

Statistics

Total Area: 1,048 m² (2,714 km²)
Highest Point: Mount Attavyros (3,986ft/1,215m)
Time Zone: GMT-13
Capital: City of Rhodes
Largest City: City of Rhodes
State Governor: Nikosana Dikosaz
Senators: Lukas Hegze, Karloz Hagoz
Abbreviations: RO, COH-RO


Map

http://www.iam.metu.edu.tr/contopt04/rhodes-map740.jpg

Hirgizstanian States in the Indian Ocean

SEYCHELLES

Statistics

Total Area: 176 m² (455 km²)
Highest Point: Morne Seychellois (2,968ft/905m)
Time Zone: GMT-15
Capital: Victoria
Largest City: Victoria
State Governor: Mason Fineman
Senators: Mark Harrigan, Lucy Berger
Abbreviations: SY, COH-SY


Map

https://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/maps/se-map.gif

Hirgizstanian States in the Atlantic Ocean

CAPE VERDE

Statistics

Total Area: 1,557 m² (4,033 km²)
Highest Point: Mount Fogo (9,282ft/2,829m)
Time Zone: GMT-11
Capital: Hirgizstan City (Praia)
Largest City: Hirgizstan City (Praia)
State Governor: Sunny Kipkene
Senators: Richard Mgoto, Geraldo Sugoma
Abbreviations: CV, COH-CV


Map

https://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/maps/cv-map.gif

Hirgizstanian States in Africa

BENIN

Statistics

Total Area: 43,483 m² (112,622 km²)
Highest Point: Mount Sokbaro (2,159ft/658m)
Time Zone: GMT-12
Capital: Porto Novo
Largest City: Porto Novo
State Governor: Jean Filipe Sorenso
Senators: Pierre Morgano, Izzie Katamwe
Abbreviations: BE, COH-BE


Map

https://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/maps/bn-map.gif

BURKINA FASO

Statistics

Total Area: 105,792 m² (274,000 km²)
Highest Point: Tena Korou (2,457ft/749m)
Time Zone: GMT-12
Capital: Ouagadougou
Largest City: Ouagadougou
State Governor: Mansell Vitch
Senators: Victor Lafayette, Clint Dameswe
Abbreviations: BF, COH-BF


Map

https://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/maps/uv-map.gif

BURUNDI

Statistics

Total Area: 10,745 m² (27,830 km²)
Highest Point: Heha (8,760ft/2,670m)
Time Zone: GMT-13
Capital: Bujumbura
Largest City: Bujumbura
State Governor: Martin DeLint
Senators: Gosta Mankol, Natasha Kilmet
Abbreviations: BU, COH-BU


Map

https://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/maps/by-map.gif

NORTHERN CONGO

Statistics

Total Area: 240,534 m² (622,984 km²)
Highest Point: Mount Ngaoui (4,659ft/1,420m)
Time Zone: GMT-13
Capital: Bangui
Largest City: Bangui
State Governor: Mary-Anne DuTour
Senators: Elias Vasellan, Bill Kurbo
Abbreviations: NC, COH-NC


Map

https://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/maps/ct-map.gif

CHAD

Statistics

Total Area: 495,753 m² (1,284,000 km²)
Highest Point: Emi Koussi (11,204ft/3,415m)
Time Zone: GMT-13
Capital: Nadjamena (N'Djamena)
Largest City: Nadjamena (N'Djamena)
State Governor: Yves Fouray
Senators: Marie St.Claire, John-Jacques Leclerc
Abbreviations: CD, COH-CD


Map

https://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/maps/cd-map.gif

CENTRAL CONGO

Statistics

Total Area: 905,351 m² (2,344,858 km²)
Highest Point: Mount Stanley (16,765ft/5,110m)
Time Zone: GMT-13
Capital: Kinshasa
Largest City: Kinshasa
State Governor: Leopold DeCourey
Senators: Marcell Coubray, Denise Geshon
Abbreviations: CC, COH-CC


Map

https://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/maps/cg-map.gif

DJIBOUTI

Statistics

Total Area: 8,958 m² (23,200 km²)
Highest Point: Moussa Ali (6,654ft/2,028m)
Time Zone: GMT-15
Capital: Djibouti
Largest City: Djibouti
State Governor: Mohammed Sherah
Senators: Mansou al-Fahood, Faroq al-Khan
Abbreviations: DJ, COH-DJ


Map

https://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/maps/dj-map.gif

NORTHERN ABYSSINIA

Statistics

Total Area: 45,405 m² (117,600 km²)
Highest Point: Soira (9,902ft/3,018m)
Time Zone: GMT-12
Capital: Asmara
Largest City: Asmara
State Governor: Isaias Afewe
Senators: Hector Kufume, Lilian Mesum
Abbreviations: NA, COH-NA


Map

https://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/maps/er-map.gif

ABYSSINIA

Statistics

Total Area: 426,371 m² (1,104,300 km²)
Highest Point: Ras Dejen (15,157ft/4,620m)
Time Zone: GMT-12
Capital: Addis Ababa
Largest City: Addis Ababa
State Governor: Malcolm Adowe
Senators: Helaie Kamassa, Lamako Selassie
Abbreviations: AB, COH-AB


Map

https://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/maps/et-map.gif

GAMBIA

Statistics

Total Area: 4,007 m² (104,380 km²)
Highest Point: N/A (174ft/53m)
Time Zone: GMT-12
Capital: Banjul
Largest City: Serrekunda
State Governor: Jammeh L. L. Kewunde
Senators: Heather Nakamuna, Jack Jumah
Abbreviations: GA, COH-GA


Map

https://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/maps/ga-map.gif

Hirgizstanian States in Africa- Part Two

GHANA

Statistics

Total Area: 92,098 m² (238,534 km²)
Highest Point: Mount Afajadto (2,887ft/880m)
Time Zone: GMT-12
Capital: Accra
Largest City: Accra
State Governor: Lisa Maguma
Senators: Adamaul Deguma, Oscar Kipwel
Abbreviations: GH, COH-GH


Map

https://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/maps/gh-map.gif

GUINEA

Statistics

Total Area: 94,926 m² (245,857 km²)
Highest Point: Mount Nimba (5,748ft/1,752m)
Time Zone: GMT-12
Capital: Conakry
Largest City: Conakry
State Governor: Lansana Pierre-Gimbel
Senators: Conte Forme, Hugo Sisse
Abbreviations: GU, COH-GU


Map

https://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/maps/gv-map.gif

NORTHERN GUINEA

Statistics

Total Area: 13,948 m² (36,125 km²)
Highest Point: N/A (984ft/300m)
Time Zone: GMT-12
Capital: Bissau
Largest City: Bissau
State Governor: Aristides Cortes
Senators: Constance Gomez, Juan Carlos Gozano
Abbreviations: NG, COH-NG


Map

https://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/maps/pu-map.gif

IVORY COAST

Statistics

Total Area: 124,502 m² (322,460 km²)
Highest Point: Mount Nimba (5,748ft/1,752m)
Time Zone: GMT-12
Capital: Abidjan
Largest City: Abidjan
State Governor: Paul Lafayette
Senators: Jean Baptiste Mortie, Michelle Degouray
Abbreviations: IC, COH-IC


Map

https://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/maps/iv-map.gif

NORTHERN LIBERIA

Statistics

Total Area: 21,500 m² (55,685 km²)
Highest Point: Mount Wuteve (4,528ft/1,380m)
Time Zone: GMT-12
Capital: Monrovia
Largest City: Monrovia
State Governor: Ellen Johnson
Senators: Joseph Boragi, Clement Roger-Juga
Abbreviations: LI, COH-LI


Map

https://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/maps/li-map.gif

LIBYA

Statistics

Total Area: 679,359 m² (1,759,540 km²)
Highest Point: Bikku Bitti (7,438ft/2,267m)
Time Zone: GMT-12
Capital: Tripoli
Largest City: Tripoli
State Governor: Ibrahim az-Zanoush
Senators: Jubail al-Soud, Aisha al-Ahd
Abbreviations: LI, COH-LI


Map

https://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/maps/ly-map.gif

NORTHERN NIGERIA

Statistics

Total Area: 489,189 m² (1,267,000 km²)
Highest Point: Mount Bagzane (6,634ft/2,022m)
Time Zone: GMT-12
Capital: Niamey
Largest City: Niamey
State Governor: Hamed Amadou
Senators: Claude Jusel, Vincent LaCuase
Abbreviations: NN, COH-NN


Map

https://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/maps/ng-map.gif

NIGERIA

Statistics

Total Area: 356,667 m² (923,768 km²)
Highest Point: Chappal Wadi (7,937ft/2,419m)
Time Zone: GMT-12
Capital: Abuja
Largest City: Lagos
State Governor: Obusanjo Walaketi
Senators: Ceko Eberendi, Eli Logano
Abbreviations: NI, COH-NI


Map

https://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/maps/ni-map.gif

RWANDA

Statistics

Total Area: 10,169 m² (26,338 km²)
Highest Point: Mount Karasimbi (14,826ft/4,519m)
Time Zone: GMT-12
Capital: Kigali
Largest City: Kigali
State Governor: Bernard Hilogo
Senators: Nathan Kutsume, Victoria Fegu
Abbreviations: RW, COH-RW


Map

https://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/maps/rw-map.gif

SENEGAL

Statistics

Total Area: 75,955 m² (196,723 km²)
Highest Point: N/A (1,906ft/581m)
Time Zone: GMT-12
Capital: Dakar
Largest City: Dakar
State Governor: Mackay Saill
Senators: Juse Fogure, Clementine Yvesson
Abbreviations: SE, COH-SE


Map

https://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/maps/sg-map.gif

Hirgizstanian States in Africa-Part Three

SIERRA LEONE

Statistics

Total Area: 27,699 m² (71,740 km²)
Highest Point: Loma Mansa (6,391ft/1,948m)
Time Zone: GMT-12
Capital: Freetown
Largest City: Freetown
State Governor: Mahmoud al-Karaji
Senators: Benjamin D. Ugame, Sahar al-Wisaal
Abbreviations: SL, COH-SL


Map

https://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/maps/sl-map.gif

SUDAN

Statistics

Total Area: 967,495 m² (2,505,813 km²)
Highest Point: Mount Kinyeti (10,456ft/3,187m)
Time Zone: GMT-12
Capital: Khartoum
Largest City: Omdurman
State Governor: Omar Wadiq al-Nazame
Senators: Bashir al-Assad, Waifa al-Sazo
Abbreviations: SU, COH-SU


Map

https://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/maps/su-map.gif

TOGO

Statistics

Total Area: 21,925 m² (56,785 km²)
Highest Point: Mount Agou (3,235ft/986m)
Time Zone: GMT-12
Capital: Lome
Largest City: Lome
State Governor: Yawovie Aboginjo
Senators: Nugussbe Visela, Fari Humel
Abbreviations: TO, COH-TO


Map

https://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/maps/to-map.gif

UGANDA

Statistics

Total Area: 91,136 m² (236,040 km²)
Highest Point: Mount Stanley (16,765ft/5,110m)
Time Zone: GMT-12
Capital: Kampala
Largest City: Kampala
State Governor: Jason Musevi
Senators: Julia Referul, Obaso Cazoga
Abbreviations: UG, COH-UG


Map

https://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/maps/ug-map.gif

ZAMBIA

Statistics

Total Area: 290,586 m² (752,614 km²)
Highest Point: Mafinga Prime (7,549ft/2,301m)
Time Zone: GMT-12
Capital: Lusaka
Largest City: Lusaka
State Governor: Yves DeGuery
Senators: Elena Shugo, Adam Buford
Abbreviations: ZA, COH-ZA


Map

https://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/maps/za-map.gif

Hirgizstanian Pacific Ocean Territory

HOWLAND ISLAND

Statistics

Total Area: 55 m² ( 88 km²)
Highest Point: Lighthouse Rock (98ft/30m)
Time Zone: GMT-12
Capital: Howland
Largest City: Howland
Government Administrator: Paul Kipwere
Howland Mayor: Roger DeStemme
Abbreviations: HI, COH-PAOCTE-HI


Map

http://i25.photobucket.com/albums/c88/Karl187/HowlandIslandMapcopy.jpg

Vital Information

The Commonwealth of Hirgizstan is the biggest nation on Earth, covering exactly 5,999,058.78 m² (15,537,490.26 km²). This vast area stretches across multiple continents, climate, time and geographical zones. The Commonwealth stretches from the West coast of North America to Africa, Europe and the Pacific. The most concentrated area of states is in Africa, but there is also six states close together in North America, the three states in Europe are joined, via the Meditteranean to North Africa.

As a result of it being so far away from other states, Howland Island was given a Protectorate status.

Throughout its 991 year history, Hirgizstan has gone from only 1,557 m² to nearly 6 Million, a feat unparalleled in the world today. However, expansion was not without its difficulties and numerous wars were fought, and ultimately won, over the various periods of expansion in the nations vast history. Living, construction, economic and governance methods had to constantly change and adapt during these 991 years, and some changes were not without bloodshed and hardship. Yet it is the will and nature of the Hirgizstanian people to survive against the greatest odds that has led to the survival and unbound prosperity and success that the nation now enjoys.

Climate

Climate within the Commonwealth of Hirgizstan varies significantly from continent to continent, and indeed state to state. In North American temperatures are extremely warm, temperate and at times extremely cold, while temperatures in Africa vary to great extremes. Each state will be treated separately for greater clarity.

Arizona's climate is primarily desert, with mild winters and hot summers. Typically, from late fall to early spring, the weather is mild, averaging a minimum of 60 degrees Fahrenheit (15°C). November through February are the coldest months with temperatures typically ranging from 40–75 °F (4–24 °C), although occasional frosts are not uncommon. About midway through February, the temperatures start to rise again with warm days, and cool breezy nights. The summer months of May through August bring a dry heat ranging from 90–120 °F (32–48 °C), with occasional high temperatures exceeding 125 °F (52 °C) having been observed in the desert area. Due to the primarily dry climate, large temperature swings often occur between day and night, with some as large as 50 °F (28 °C) in the summer months.

However, the northern third of Arizona is a plateau at significantly higher altitudes than the lower desert, and has an appreciably cooler climate, with cold winters and mild summers. Arizona has an average annual rainfall of 12.7 inches (322 mm),[2] which comes during two rainy seasons, with cold fronts coming from the Pacific Ocean during the winter and a monsoon in the summer.

The climate of Colorado is best described as being cool and dry compared to the rest of the North American states. While that is generally true throughout most of the state, the climate of Colorado is very complex. The typical south-north/cooler-warmer variation in other states is generally not applicable at all in Colorado. The climate of a particular locale in Colorado depends not just on the elevation and area lies, but also on the movements of air masses in and around the area. The location of mountain ranges and surrounding valleys affect local climate greatly. As a general rule, with an increase in elevation comes a decrease in temperature and an increase in precipitation. A main climatic division in Colorado occurs where the Rocky Mountains begin with the Front Range cities and the plains to the east, the mountains and valleys to the west, and the foothills as a transitional zone in between the two.

The state of Idaho has much variation in its climate. Even though the state is located 300 miles away from the Pacific Ocean, the maritime influence is still felt in the state especially in the winter when cloud cover, humidity, and precipitation are at its highest point. Conversely, this influence has a moderating effect in the winter where temperatures are not as low as would be expected for a state with a mostly elevated altitude. This maritime influence is lowest in the southeastern part of the state where the precipitation patterns are often reversed with wetter summers and drier winters and seasonal temperature differences more extreme, showing a more continental climate.

Summers in Idaho can be hot, although extended periods over 100 °F (38 °C) or the maximum temperature are rare. This is tempered by the low relative humidity during summer months and also by the cooler evenings, since for most of the state, the highest diurnal difference in temperature is often in the summer. Winters can be cold, although extended periods of bitter cold weather below zero are unusual.

The climate of New Mexico is sunny and dry. The main factor in the climate of the state is elevation. Areas at the same elevation in the northern and southern extremes of the state may differ by only 3 °F, while areas only a few miles apart, but differing in elevation by 4000 feet may have mean annual temperatures which are 15 °F apart. Summers in New Mexico are hot below 5000 feet in elevation with daytime highs frequently exceeding 100 °F. At the highest elevations, the upper 70's °F is the summertime normal high temperature. Tornadoes, thunderstorms and tropical cyclones are not uncommon.

Oregon's climate – especially in the western part of the state – is heavily influenced by the Pacific Ocean. The climate is generally mild, but periods of extreme hot and cold can affect parts of the state. Precipitation in the state varies widely: the deserts of eastern Oregon, such as the Alvord Desert, get as little as 8 inches annually, while some western coastal slopes approach 200 inches annually. Oregon's population centers, which lie mostly in the western part of the state, are generally wet and soggy, while the high deserts of Central and Eastern Oregon are much drier.

Most of Utah is arid and high in elevation. Most of eastern and southern Utah receive 12 inches (300 mm) or less of precipitation per year, while many mountain areas receive more than 40 inches (1 m) per year, with some areas receiving up to 60 in (1.5 m). Much of western Utah receives less than 10 inches (25 cm), while the Wasatch Front receives approximately 15 inches (38 cm). The Great Salt Lake Desert is especially dry, receiving less than 5 inches (13 cm) annually. Snowfall is common in winter everywhere except the southern border and the Great Salt Lake Desert. St. George averages about 3 inches (7.5 cm) of snow per year, while Salt Lake City receives almost 60 inches (1.5 m) annually (amplified by the lake effect from the Great Salt Lake). Many mountain areas receive in excess of 350 inches (9 m) of snow in a year, while portions of the Wasatch Range receive up to 500 inches (12.7 m). Snowfall is common from late November through March in the lower elevations and from October through May in the mountains. The mountains often remain snow-covered into July. Fog and haze often caused by temperature inversions are common in the valleys and basins during winter, especially the Uinta Basin, just south of the Uinta Mountains.
During summer and fall, most of the precipitation is received from the storms coming from the south and consists of short, sporadic, and intense thunderstorms that can cause wildfires and flash floods. Most precipitation during the rest of the year is received from the Pacific Ocean. Spring is the wettest season across the north while late summer and early fall are the wettest times in the south and winter is the wettest season in most of the mountain areas.
Temperatures during the winter across much of Utah are below freezing.


Washington's climate varies greatly from west to east. A mild oceanic climate (also called "marine west coast climate") predominates in western Washington, and a much drier climate prevails east of the Cascade Range.
The average annual temperature ranges from 51° F (10.6° C) on the Pacific coast to 40° F (4.4° C) in the northeast. The recorded temperature in the state has ranged from -48° F (-44.4° C) to 118° F (47.8° C) with both records set east of the Cascades. Western Washington is known for its mild climate, considerable fog, frequent cloud cover and long-lasting drizzles in the winter, and sunny and dry summers.

Crete straddles two climatic zones, the Mediterranean and the North African, mainly falling within the former. As such, the climate in Crete is primarily temperate. The atmosphere can be quite humid, depending on the proximity to the sea. The winter is fairly mild. Snowfall had been practically unknown to the plains until the truly exceptional cold snap of February 2004, during which the whole island was blanketed with snow. During summer, average temperatures are in the high 20's-low 30's (Celsius). The exception can be the south coast, including the Messara plain and Asterousia mountains, which fall in the North African climatic zone and thus enjoys significantly more sunny days and high temperatures during the summer, as well as very mild winters—consequently in southern Crete date palms bear fruit and swallows stay year-long, instead of migrating to Africa.

The climate of Greece can be categorised into three types that influence well-defined regions of its territory. The Pindus mountain range strongly affects the climate of the country by making the western side of it (areas prone to the south-westerlies) wetter on average than the areas lying to the east of it (lee side of the mountains). The three distinct types are the Mediterranean, the Alpine and the Temperate types.

The state of Rhodes and the Southern Aegean has a temperate climate that is regulated by climes from Africa and southern Europe, giving it a pleasant medium. There is little rain but spectacular storms in the summer are a sight to behold.

The climate in the Seychelles is primarily a tropical marine one that is extremely humid. From May to September the southeast monsoon cools the climate and then from March to May the northwest monsoon heats it up again, producing a varied range of temperatures throughout the year.

Cape Verde is in the tropical zone. Average temperatures range from 24°C (75°F) in January and February to 29°C (85°F) in September. The average annual rainfall for Cape Verde is 68.4 mm, with September the wettest month with 33.6 mm. Conversely, the months April to July record less than one millimetre of rainfall each.

Benin's climate is changeable from north to south. On the coast the weather is usually tropical and very humid throughout the year reaching temperatures of around 45°C (113°F). The north is semi-arid and can get much warmer than this. Summer weather often makes for huge and spectacular thunderstorms across the centre of the country as humid and dry weather systems collide.

Burkina Faso has a primarily tropical climate with two very distinct seasons: the rainy season with between 24-35 inches (600 and 900 mm) of rainfall, and the dry season during which the harmattan blows, a hot dry wind from the Sahara. The rainy season lasts approximately 4 months, May/June to September, and is shorter in the north of the country. Three large climatic zones can be defined: The Sahel in the north typically receives less than 24 inches (600 mm)[1] rainfall a year and high temperatures 15–50 °C (60–120 °F). The Sudan-Sahel zone which is transitional and very changeable. Finally the Sudan Guinea zone is very rainy throughout the year and much cooler than those regions described previously.

The climate in Burundi is equatorial; high plateau with considerable altitude variation (772 m to 2,670 m above sea level); average annual temperature varies with altitude from 23°C to 17°C (73-62°F) but is generally moderate as the average altitude is about 1,700 m; average annual rainfall is about 150 cm; two wet seasons (February to May and September to November), and two dry seasons (June to August and December to January).

The climate in Northern Congo is somewhat of an anomaly. It is mostly described as tropical, yet in the winter it suffers from strangely dry weather, and then in the summer it is wet and humid again. The dry weather is more pronounced in the north and west, while the tropical wetness predominates moreso in the south.

Chad is caught between two deserts, the Sahara in the north and the Sahel in the centre. Both deserts ensure Chad is extremely warm, dry and arid, with high, dusty winds in the central plains. Temperature extremes of 60°C (140°F) are not uncommon in the centre and north of the country. The lowlands in the south provide some relief temperature wise, especially in the summer when the humid and wet climate of the Northern Congo is in full swing.

The Central Congo is imbued with a number of different climatic zones and a quite predictable cycle of weather that produces three distinct rainy seasons. Tropical; hot and humid in equatorial river basin; cooler and drier in southern highlands; cooler and wetter in eastern highlands; north of Equator - wet season (April to October), dry season (December to February); south of Equator - wet season (November to March), dry season (April to October).

Djibouti is primarily a desert climate, that can be extremely torrid and dry in the south west, with temperature extremes of close to 60°C (140°F) in the summer months. The coast is somewhat cooler but the wind is usually very warm, making it strangely oppresive in the mid-summer months.

Northern Abyssinia is hot, with a dry desert strip along Red Sea coast; cooler and wetter in the central highlands (up to 61 cm of rainfall annually, heaviest June to September); semiarid in western hills and lowlands.

Elevation and geographic location produce three climatic zones in Abyssinia: the cool zone above 2,400 meters (7,900 ft) where temperatures range from near freezing to 16°C (32°–61°F); the temperate zone at elevations of 1,500 to 2,400 meters (4,900–7,900 ft) with temperatures from 16°C to 30°C (61°–86°F); and the hot zone below 1,500 meters (4,900 ft) with both tropical and arid conditions and daytime temperatures ranging from 27°C to 50°C (81°–122°F). The topography of Abyssinia ranges from several very high mountain ranges (the Simien mountains and the Bale mountains), to one of the lowest areas of land in Africa, the Danakil depression. The normal rainy season is from mid-June to mid-September (longer in the southern highlands) preceded by intermittent showers from February or March; the remainder of the year is generally dry.

Climate in Gambia is largely the same as that in Senegal, which means it is a mainly tropical one, with a hot rainy season from June to November and a cooler dry season from November to May. In July the central flood plain can get extremely hot and humid.

The climate in Ghana is tropical. The eastern coastal belt is warm and comparatively dry; the southwest corner, hot and humid; and the north, hot and dry. Lake Volta, the world's largest artificial lake, extends through large portions of eastern Ghana.

Guinea is generally hot and humid; monsoonal-type rainy season (June to November) with southwesterly winds; dry season (December to May) with northeasterly harmattan winds. Temperatures range from close to 40°C (104°F) and above in the summer to around 25°C (77°F) in the fall.

The Northern Guinea climate is much the same as above, except for the rather hot and dry Bijagos Archipelago.

The climate of the Ivory Coast varies greatly from the tropical coastline to the semi-arid far north. Three seasons are readily discernable: the warm and dry season from November to March, with temperatures of 30°C (86°F) plus, the hotter and dryer season from March to May, and finally the hot and wet season from June to October.

Northern Liberia is tropical but temperate due to its size and proximity to the coast. It is primarily tropical, hot and humid with dry winters. Hot days and cool to cold nights predominate with wet, cloudy summers leading to frequent heavy showers and thunderstorms.

The climate of Libya is changeable from the Meditteranean North down to the very arid and scorchingly hot south, where the Sahara desert comes into play. Pleasant summer temperatures of around 35°C (95°C) are predominant in the North, with cool winters. Extremes of close to 65°C (149°F) are sometimes the norm in the southern part of the country, with very cold nights and with winters approaching 0°C (32°F).

Northern Nigeria's subtropical climate is mainly very hot and dry, with much desert area. In the extreme south there is a tropical climate on the edges of the Niger River basin. The terrain is predominantly desert plains and sand dunes, with flat to rolling savannah in the south and hills in the north.

Nigeria's climate is similar to Northern Nigeria's. It is equitorial in south, tropical in the centre and arid in the north.

Rwanda is a tropical state; its high elevation makes the climate temperate. In the mountains, frost and snow are possible. The average daily temperature near Lake Kivu, at an altitude of 4,800 feet (1,463 m) is 73°F (23°C). Rwanda is considered the lightning capital of the world,[7] due to intense daily thunderstorms during the two rainy seasons (February–May and September–December). Annual rainfall averages 31 inches (830 mm) but is generally heavier in the western and northwestern mountains than in the eastern savannas.

Senegal's climate is tropical with well-defined dry and humid seasons that result from northeast winter winds and southwest summer winds. Dakar's annual rainfall of about 600mm (24 in) occurs between June and October when maximum temperatures average 27°C (80°F); December to February minimum temperatures are about 17°C (62°F). Interior temperatures are higher than along the coast, and rainfall increases substantially farther south, exceeding 1.5m (59.1 in) annually in some areas.

Sierra Leone is of tropical climate with a rainy season May through October, the balance of the year representing the dry season. The beginning and end of the rainy season is marked by strong thunderstorms not unlike those of the hot summer period on the US eastern seaboard. Sierra Leone has an average year round temperature of 26°C (80°F). Freetown’s high humidity is somewhat relieved November through February by the famous Harmattan, a gentle wind flowing down from the Sahara Desert affording Freetown its coolest period of the year.

Sudan, like Zaire, has a very varied climate in its very length interior. The south is tropical and can get very wet in the rainy season (April-October). Average temperature here is around 35°C (95°F) and can get extremely humid. The arid north is markedly different with little rain and desert temperatures of 45°C (113°F) plus. The Port Sudan area is slightly less hot during the summer due to the wind from the sea.

The climate of Togo is much like that of Benin and Ghana, which is mainly tropical and humid in the south, with an arid and hot north.

Uganda, despite its proximity to the Sahara and Sahel deserts is actually very pleasant. This is due to the many lakes that sit on the border and huge lakes that snake through the interior. Rain keeps the summer temperatures bareable around 40°C (104°F), while the more arid north is slightly hotter and a little less rainy.

Zambia's climate is generally tropical and very pleasant in the south. The climate is modified by altitude in some areas and a rainy season from October to April provides a mildy hot, humid fall, winter and spring.

The climate on Howland Island (Pacific Ocean Territory) is equatorial, with little rainfall and a burning sun. Temperatures are moderated somewhat by a constant wind from the east.

Geography

Like the climate of the Commonwealth of Hirgizstan, the geography is also rich and varied, from the highest point in the nation (Mount Stanley) to the biggest lakes (Lake Victoria), to the myriad of national parks and historic locations. All add up to make Hirgizstan a truly unique nation.

Arizona is best known for its desert landscape, which is rich in xerophyte plants such as cactus. It is also known for its climate, which presents exceptionally hot summers and mild winters. Less well known is the pine-covered high country of the Colorado Plateau in the north-central portion of the state, which contrasts with the desertic Basin and Range region in the southern portions of the state.
The Grand Canyon is a colorful, steep-sided gorge, carved by the Colorado River, in northern Arizona. The canyon is one of the seven natural wonders of the world and is largely contained in the Grand Canyon National Park.
Arizona is home to one of the largest and most well-preserved meteorite impact sites in the world. The Barringer Meteorite Crater (better known simply as "Meteor Crater") is a gigantic hole in the middle of the high plains of the Colorado Plateau, about 25 miles west of Winslow. A rim of smashed and jumbled boulders, some of them the size of small houses, rises 150 feet above the level of the surrounding plain. The crater itself is nearly a mile wide, and 570 feet deep.

Colorado is commonly known as the Mountain State and is quite unique in lying completely at an elevation of 3241ft (1000m). The summit of Mount Elbert at 4401 meters (14,440 feet) elevation in Lake County is the state's highest point and the highest point in the entire Rocky Mountains. Colorado has approximately 550 mountain peaks that exceed 4000 meters (13,123 feet) elevation. East of the Southern Rocky Mountains are the Colorado Eastern Plains of the High Plains, the section of the Great Plains within Colorado at elevations ranging from 3315 to 6562 feet (1010 to 2000 meters). To the west lies the eastern slope of the Rocky Mountains with notable peaks such as Longs Peak, Mount Evans, Pikes Peak, and the Spanish Peaks near Walsenburg in the south. This area drains to the east, is forested, and partially urbanized.

Idaho borders the states of Washington and Oregon and Utah. The landscape is rugged with some of the largest unspoiled natural areas on the continent. It is a Rocky Mountain state with abundant natural resources and scenic areas. The state has snow-capped mountain ranges, rapids, placid lakes and steep canyons. The waters of Snake River rush through Hells Canyon, deeper than the Grand Canyon. Shoshone Falls plunges down rugged cliffs from a height greater than that of Niagara Falls.
The major rivers in Idaho are the Snake River, the Clearwater River and the Salmon River. Other significant rivers include the Boise River and the Payette River.
Idaho's highest point (12,662 feet, 3,862 m) is Borah Peak in the Lost River Mountains north of Mackay. Idaho's lowest point is in Lewiston, where the Clearwater River joins the Snake River and continues into Washington.
Southern Idaho, including the Boise metropolitan area, Idaho Falls, Pocatello, and Twin Falls are in the Mountain Time Zone

The geography in New Mexico ranges from wide, rose-colored deserts to broken mesas to high, snow-capped peaks. Despite New Mexico's arid image, heavily forested mountain wildernesses cover a significant portion of the state. Part of the Rocky Mountains, the broken, north-south oriented Sangre de Cristo (Blood of Christ) range flanks both sides of the Rio Grande from the rugged, pastoral north through the center of the state.
Cacti, yuccas, creosote bush, sagebrush, and desert grasses cover the broad, semiarid plains that cover the southern portion of the state as well as everywhere else. Some of the most historic sites in the world are preserved in this state, such as Aztec Ruins, Volcano's, Carlsbad Caverns, and many national parks.

Oregon's geography may be split roughly into six areas: the Coast Range, the Willamette Valley, the Cascade Mountains the Klamath Mountains, the Columbia River Plateau, and the Basin and Range Region.
The state varies from rainforest in the Coast Range to barren desert in the southeast, which still meets the technical definition of a frontier.

Oregon is 295 miles (475 km) north to south at longest distance, and 395 miles (636 km) east to west at longest distance. In terms of land and water area, Oregon is the ninth largest state, covering 97,073 square miles (251,418 km²).
Its highest point is the summit of Mount Hood, at 11,239 feet (3,428 m), and its lowest point is sea level of the Pacific Ocean. Its mean elevation is 3,300 feet (1,006 m).
Crater Lake National Park is the state's only National Park, and the site of Crater Lake, the deepest lake in the U.S. at 1,943 feet (592 m). Other federally-owned, protected recreation areas that lie entirely within Oregon include: John Day Fossil Beds National Monument, Newberry National Volcanic Monument, Cascade-Siskiyou National Monument, and Oregon Caves National Monument. Oregonians are also somewhat proud to have the shortest river in the world in their state, the D River, and also the smallest park, the Mill Ends Park in Portland.

Utah is generally rocky with three distinct geological regions: the Rocky Mountains, the Great Basin, and the Colorado Plateau. Utah is known for its natural diversity and is home to features ranging from arid deserts with sand dunes to thriving pine forests in mountain valleys.
One of Utah's defining characteristics is the variety of its terrain. At the western base of the Wasatch Range is the Wasatch Front, a series of valleys and basins that are home to the most populous parts of the state. Western Utah is mostly arid desert with a basin and range geology. Small mountain ranges and rugged terrain punctuate the landscape. However, the Bonneville Salt Flats are an exception, being comparatively flat as a result of once forming the lake bed of Lake Bonneville. Great Salt Lake, Utah Lake, Sevier Lake, Rush Lake and Little Salt Lake are all remnants of this ancient freshwater lake, which once covered most of the eastern Great Basin. Southwestern Utah is the lowest and hottest spot in Utah. It is known as Dixie because early settlers were able to grow limited amounts of cotton there. Beaverdam Wash in far southwestern Utah is the lowest point in the state, at an elevation of 2,000 feet (610 m). The northernmost portion of the Mojave Desert is also located in this area. Dixie is quickly becoming a popular recreational and retirement destination, and the population is growing rapidly. Just north of Dixie is the state's highest ski resort, Brian Head.
Eastern Utah is a high elevation area covered mostly by plateaus and basins.

The high mountains of the Cascade Range run north-south, bisecting the state. Western Washington, west of the Cascades, has a mostly marine west coast climate with relatively mild temperatures, wet winters, and dry summers. Western Washington also supports dense forests of conifers and areas of temperate rain forest. In contrast, Eastern Washington, east of the Cascades, has a relatively dry climate with large areas of semiarid steppe and a few truly arid deserts lying in the rainshadow of the Cascades. Farther east, the climate becomes less arid. The Palouse region of southeast Washington was grassland that has been mostly converted into farmland. Other parts of eastern Washington are forested and mountainous.

The Cascade Range contains several volcanoes, which reach altitudes significantly higher than the rest of the mountains. From north to south these volcanoes are Mount Baker, Glacier Peak, Mount Rainier, Mount St. Helens, and Mount Adams.
Washington's position on the Pacific Ocean and the harbors of Puget Sound give the state a leading role in maritime trade with Alaska, Canada, and the Pacific Rim. Puget Sound's many islands are served by the largest ferry fleet in the United States.
Washington is a land of contrasts. The deep forests of the Olympic Peninsula, such as the Hoh Rain Forest, are among the only rainforests in that part of the continent, but the semi-desert east of the Cascade Range has not one single tree. Mount Rainier, the highest mountain in the state, is covered with more glacial ice than any other peak in region.

Crete is an island state in the southern Aegean. It is a long, thin and mountanious place with fertile plateaus and picturesque gorges. The Gorges are actually home to a very rare breed of vulture called the Lammergeier.

Four fifths of Greece consist of mountains or hills, making the country one of the most mountainous in Europe. The mythical Mount Olympus is the highest mountain in the country, located in the southwestern Pieria prefecture, near Thessaloniki. Mytikas in the Olympus range has a height of 9,570 ft (2,919m) at its highest peak. Once considered the throne of the Gods, it is today extremely popular among hikers and climbers who deem its height as a challenge. Moreover, northeastern Greece features yet another high altitude mountain range, the Rhodope range, spreading across the periphery of the counties of East Macedonia and Thrace; this area is covered with vast, thick, ancient forests. The famous Dadia forest is in the prefecture of Evros, in the far northeast of the country. Expansive plains are primarily located in the prefectures of Thessaly, Central Macedonia and Thrace. They constitute key economic regions as they are among the few arable places in the country. Volos and Larissa are the two largest cities of Thessaly.
Rare marine species such as the Pinniped Seals and the Loggerhead Sea Turtle live in the seas surrounding mainland Greece, while its dense forests are home to the endangered brown bear, the lynx, the Roe Deer and the Wild Goat. Islands in the North Aegean are fairly similar, geography wise, to mainland Greece.

The island of Rhodes is shaped like a spearhead. The capital City of Rhodes is located at the far northern end of the island, including the site of the ancient and modern commercial harbor.
The flora and fauna is more closely allied to that of Asia Minor than it is to that of the rest of Greece. The interior is mountainous and sparsely inhabited, covered with forests of Pine (Pinus brutia) and Cypress (Cupressus sempervirens) and abundant fauna including the Rhodian deer. Features include the so-called Petaludes or Petaloudes Valley, or Valley of the Butterflies, where tiger moths gather in summer;Mount Attavyros, at 3,986 ft (1,215 m) the island's highest point of elevation; and the appropriately named Seven Springs area. While the shores are rocky, arable sandy strips exist where citrus fruits, wine grapes, vegetables, and other crops flourish in the Mediterranean climate.
Many of the other islands in the South Aegean are of similar geographic make up.

Seychlles has many significant geographic features thanks to its unique climate. They include the island of Aldabra, which is the world's largest raised coral atoll and also the Vallée de Mai on Praslin island, billed as the original site of the Garden of Eden. The Cousin Island Special Reserve is an internationally-known bird and marine sanctuary which has won several awards for conservation and ecotourism. Seychelles has six national marine parks including the St. Anne National Marine Park located adjacent to the capital, Port Victoria which are managed by the state government and Department of National Parks. Much of the land territory (about 40%) and a substantial part of the coastal sea around Seychelles are protected as National Parks, including Marine Parks, and Reserves.
The Seychelles are home to 81 endemic plant species. Well-known is the Coco de mer, the beautiful Azul or Zoria, a species of palm that grows only on the islands of Praslin and Curieuse. Sometimes nicknamed the 'love nut' because of its suggestive shape, the coco-de-mer is the world's largest seed. The jellyfish tree is to be found in only a few locations today. This strange and ancient plant has resisted all efforts to propagate it. Other unique plant species include the Wrights Gardenia found only on Aride Island Special Reserve.
The giant tortoises from Aldabra now populate many of the islands of the Seychelles. These unique reptiles can be found even in captive herds. The granitic islands of Seychelles supported distinct species of Seychelles giant tortoises.
Seychelles hosts some of the largest seabird colonies in the world. Islands such as Bird, Aride, Cousin, Aldabra and Cosmoledo host many species of seabirds including the sooty tern, fairy tern, white-tailed tropicbird, noddies and frigatebirds.
The marine life around the islands, especially the more remote coral islands, can be spectacular. More than 1000 species of fish have been recorded.

The state of Cape Verde is somewhat of an anomaly. The states closest to it are in mainland Africa and are tropical, but mostly semi-arid. In contrast Cape Verde looks more like somewhere in the Carribean than an archipileago off the west coast of Africa. Only eight of the ten islands in the state are actually inhabited, the other two are National Parks. Consequently there are eight islets and people live on four of them. The other four are simply inhabited by wildlife. All of the islands are unique and slightly different, but all are classed as volcanic, although only one active volcano exists in the state, Mount Fogo. Sealife is abundant in the area and land reclamation efforts on all of the inhabited islands have increased the size of some of them, creating bigger cities, including the stunning capital, Hirgizstan City.

Benin is stretched between the Niger River in the northeast and the Bight of Benin in the south, Benin's elevation is about the same for the entire state. Most of the population lives in the southern coastal plains, where some of Benin's largest cities are also located, including Porto Novo and Cotonou. The north of the country consists mostly of savanna and semi-arid highlands.

Burkina Faso is made up of two major different types of geography. The larger part of the state is covered by a peneplain which forms a gently undulating landscape with, in some areas, a few isolated hills, the last vestiges of a precambrian massif.
The south-west of the state forms a sandstone massif, where the highest peak is found. The peak is bordered by sheer cliffs up to490 ft (150m) high.
The average altitude is 1,300 ft (400m) and the difference between the highest and lowest terrain is no greater than 2,000 ft (600m). Burkina Faso is therefore a relatively flat state, with a very few localised exceptions.

Burundi is a landlocked state with an equatorial climate. Sometimes called "The heart of Africa" it lies on a rolling plateau, with Lake Tanganyika in its south west corner. It is a relatively elevated country, with high peaks and mountains. There is much agricultural land and many forests.

The Northern Congo is another entirely land-locked state within the interior of the African continent. Much of the country consists of flat, or rolling plateau savanna, typically about 1,640 ft (500m) above sea level. In the northeast are the Fertit Hills, and there are scattered hills in southwest part of the country. To the northwest is the Yade Massif, a granite plateau with an altitude of 3,750 ft (1,143m). Much of the southern border is formed by tributaries of the Congo River, with the Mbomou River in the east merging with the Uele River to form the Ubangi River. In the west, the Sangha River flows through part of the state. The eastern border lies along the edge of the Nile river watershed.

Chad is a desert state in the North of Africa. It shares many geographic traits with Libya and some with Nigeria. It is primarily hard scrub desert with many rocky areas and towering, majestic stone edifices, blasted by years of desert winds.

As a result of its equatorial location, the state of Central Congo experiences large amounts of precipitation and has the highest frequency of thunderstorms on Earth. The annual rainfall can total upwards of 80 inches in some places, and the area sustains the second largest rain forest in the world (after the Amazon). This massive expanse of lush jungle covers most of the vast, low-lying central basin of the river, which slopes toward the Atlantic Ocean in the west. This area is surrounded by plateaus merging into savannas in the south and southwest, by mountainous terraces in the west, and dense grasslands extending beyond the Congo River in the north. High, glaciated mountains are found in the extreme eastern region.
The tropical climate has also produced the Central Congo River system which dominates the region topographically along with the rainforest it flows through, (though they are not mutually exclusive).

Djibouti lies on a strange position in Africa, in that it is primarily low, coastal and relatively fertile land close to the coast, yet desert scrub toward the interior. It is primarily influenced by the geographic features of Abyssinia.

Northern Abyssinia is located in East Africa, more specifically the Horn of Africa, and is bordered on the northeast and east by the Red Sea. The state is virtually bisected by one of the world's longest mountain ranges, the Great Rift Valley, with fertile lands to the west and the descent to desert in the East. Off the sandy and arid coastline is situated the Dahlak Archipelago and its fishing grounds. The land to the south, in the highlands, is slightly drier and cooler.
The Afar Triangle or Danakil Depression of Northern Abyssinia is the probable location of a triple junction where three tectonic plates are pulling away from one another: the Arabian Plate, and the two parts of the African Plate (the Nubian and the Somalian) splitting along the East African Rift Zone.

The larger portion of Abyssinia lies on the Horn of Africa, which is the eastern-most part of the African landmass. Bordering it is Sudan to the west, Djibouti and Northern Abyssinia to the north, as well as other countries to the south. Within Abyssinia is a massive highland complex of mountains and dissected plateaus divided by the Great Rift Valley, which runs generally southwest to northeast and is surrounded by lowlands, steppes, or semi-desert. The great diversity of terrain determines wide variations in climate, soils, natural vegetation, and settlement patterns.

Gambia is an extremely small state in the middle of another, Senegal. Its climate and geographic characteristics are the same, although it is slightly more fertile as it lies right along the line and plains of the Gambia River.

Ghana state is located on the Gulf of Guinea, only a few degrees north of the Equator. It is roughly the size of the island of Britain. The coastline is mostly a low, sandy shore backed by plains and scrub and intersected by several rivers and streams. A tropical rain forest belt, broken by heavily forested hills and many streams and rivers, extends northward from the shore. North of this belt, the land is covered by low bush, park-like savanna, and grassy plains

At 94,919 square miles (245,857 km²), Guinea state is roughly the size of the state of Oregon. There are 200 miles (320 km) of coastline. The total land border is 2,112 miles (3,399 km). The states bordering Guinea include Côte d'Ivoire (Ivory Coast), Guinea-Bissau, Northern Liberia, Senegal and Sierra Leone. The state is divided into four main regions: the Basse-Cote lowlands in the east along the coast,the cooler, mountainous Fouta Djalon that run roughly north-south through the middle of the country, the Sahelian Haute-Guinea to the northeast and the forested jungle regions in the southeast. Guinea's mountains are the source for the Niger, the Gambia, and Senegal Rivers, as well as the numerous rivers flowing to the sea on the west side of the range in Sierra Leone and Ivory Coast.

Northern Guinea is a small, tropical state that lies at a low altitude; its highest point is 984ft (300 m). The interior is savanna, and the coastline is swampy plain. Its monsoon-like rainy season alternates with periods of hot, dry harmattan winds blowing from the Sahara. The beautiful Bijagos Archipelago extends out to the sea.

The Ivory Coast is an extremely beautiful state, with lush green forests and golden beaches. It is partly tropical, but there is an arid, scrubby area to the North.

Northern Liberia is characterized by mostly flat to rolling coastal plains, which rise to rolling plateau and low mountains in the northeast.

The state of Libya is one of the largest in the Commonwealth, second only to Sudan. In the north the miditerranean climate provides for a scrubby and partly agricultural landscape. But Libya's main feature is its desert, which covers much of eastern Libya, is one of the most arid places on earth. In places, decades may pass without rain, and even in the highlands rainfall happens erratically, once every 5-10 years. Likewise, the temperature in the Libyan desert can be extreme; in 1922, the town of Al 'Aziziyah, which is located west of Tripoli, recorded an air temperature of 57.8 °C (136.0 °F), generally accepted as the highest recorded naturally occurring air temperature reached on Earth.
There are a few scattered uninhabited small oases, usually linked to the major depressions, where water can be found by digging to a few feet in depth. In the west there is a widely dispersed group of oases in unconnected shallow depressions, the Kufra group, consisting of Tazerbo, Rebiana and Kufra. Aside from the scarps, the general flatness is only interrupted by a series of plateaus and massifs near the centre of the Desert.
Slightly further to the south are the massifs of Arkenu, Uweinat and Kissu. These granite mountains are very ancient, having formed much before the sandstones surrounding them. Arkenu and Western Uweinat are ring complexes very similar to those in the Air Mountains. Eastern Uweinat (the highest point in the Libyan Desert) is a raised sandstone plateau adjacent to the granite part further west. The plain to the north of Uweinat is dotted with eroded volcanic features.
With the discovery of oil in the 1950s also came the discovery of a massive aquifer underneath much of the country. The water in this auquifer pre-dates the last ice ages and the Sahara desert itself.
Libya is also the home of Arkenu craters, double impact craters.

Northern Nigeria's subtropical climate is mainly very hot and dry, with much desert area. In the extreme south there is a tropical climate on the edges of the Niger River basin. The terrain is predominantly desert plains and sand dunes, with flat to rolling savannah in the south and hills in the north.

Southern Nigeria has a varied landscape. From the Obudu Hills in the southeast through the beaches in the south, the rainforest, the Lagos estuary and savanna in the middle and southwest of the country and the Sahel and the encroaching Sahara in the extreme north.
Southern Nigeria's main rivers are the Niger and the Benue which converge and empty into the Niger Delta, one of the world's largest river deltas.
Southern Nigeria is also an important center for biodiversity. It is widely believed that the areas surrounding Calabar, Cross River State, contain the world's largest diversity of butterflies. The drill monkey is only found in the wild in Southeast of the state and in one neighbouring country.

Rwanda's countryside is covered by grasslands and small farms extending over rolling hills, with areas of rugged mountains that extend southeast from a chain of volcanoes in the northwest. The divide between the Congo and Nile drainage systems extends from north to south through western Rwanda at an average elevation of almost 9,000ft (2,740 m). On the western slopes of this ridgeline, the land slopes abruptly toward Lake Kivu and the Ruzizi River valley, and constitutes part of the Great Rift Valley. The eastern slopes are more moderate, with rolling hills extending across central uplands at gradually reducing altitudes, to the plains, swamps, and lakes of the eastern border region. Therefore the country is also fondly known as "Land of a Thousand Hills". The state is also home announced to the longest headstream of the River Nile in Nyungwe Forest.

The Senegal landscape consists mainly of the rolling sandy plains of the western Sahel which rise to foothills in the southeast. Here is also found Senegal's highest point, an otherwise unnamed feature near Nepen Diakha. The northern border is formed by the Senegal River, other rivers include the Gambia and Casamance Rivers. The capital Dakar lies on the Cap-Vert peninsula, the westernmost point of continental Africa.

Sierra Leone is roughly circular in shape and is Located on the West African coast, the state is bordered by Guinea to the north and east, Northern Liberia to the south and the Atlantic Ocean to the west.
Three topographical regions run northwest to southwest, roughly parallel to the coast; a belt of mangrove swamps and white sand beaches, an area of low plains covered with secondary forest and cultivated land and a region of high plateaux and mountains to the east, while the mountainous peninsula on which Freetown is located makes up the fourth distinct geographical region.

The terrain in Sudan is generally flat plains, broken by several mountain ranges; in the west the Jebel Marra is the highest range; in the south is the highest mountain Mount Kinyeti Imatong, near the border with Uganda; in the east are the Red Sea Hills.
The Blue and White Niles meet in Khartoum to form the River Nile, which flows northwards through Cottish terrirtory to the Mediterranean Sea. The Blue Nile's course through Sudan is nearly 500miles (805km) long and is joined by the rivers Dinder and Rahad between Sennar and Khartoum. The White Nile within Sudan has no significant tributaries.
The amount of rainfall increases towards the south. In the north there is the very dry Nubian desert; in the south there are swamps and rain forest.
There are several dams on the Blue and White Niles. Among them are the Sennar and Roseires on the Blue Nile, and Jebel Aulia dam on the White Nile. There is also Lake Nubia on the border with Cotland.
Rich mineral resources are available in Sudan including: petroleum (oil), natural gas, gold, silver, chrome, asbestos, manganese, gypsum, mica, zinc, iron, lead, uranium, copper, kaolin, cobalt, granite, nickel and tin.

Togo is a small, thin sub-Saharan state. It borders the Bight of Benin in the south; Ghana lies to the west; Benin to the east; and to the north Togo is bound by Burkina Faso.
In the north the land is characterized by a gently rolling savannah in contrast to the center of the state, which is characterized by hills. The south of Togo is characterized by a plateau which reaches to a coastal plain with extensive lagoons and marshes.

Although landlocked, Uganda has access to several large water bodies, including Lake Victoria, Lake Albert, Lake Kyoga and Lake Edward. The state is located on the East African plateau, averaging about 900 metres (2,950 ft) above sea level. Although generally tropical in nature, the climate differs between parts of the country. Uganda includes several offshore islands in Lake Victoria. Most important cities are located in the south, near Lake Victoria, including the capital Kampala and the nearby city of Entebbe.

Zambia is a landlocked state in southern Africa and one of the most populous within the Commonwealth. It consists mostly of high plateau with some hills and mountains. The state is drained by two major river basins: the Zambezi River basin, in the south; and the Congo River basin, in the north. The part of Zambia drained by the Zambezi basin is about three-quarters of the country's total area. The part drained by the Congo basin is about a quarter of the area.

The Commonwealth's Pacific Ocean Territory of Howland Island has an elongated shape on a north-south axis. The terrain is low-lying and sandy: a coral island that used to be surrounded by a large coral reef, but a lot of this was destroyed during the islands enlargement and aritificial reefs now make up for this.There are no natural fresh water resources on the island. The landscape features scattered grasses along with prostrate vines and low-growing shrubs. The reconstruction and enlargement of the island also ensured a new highest point on the island, Lighthouse Rock, of 100ft (30m). Several small settlements, a dock, a weather station and a Military Base were later added, including a classified facility.

Economy

CORPORATIVISM-THE HIRGIZSTANIAN MIRACLE

The economy of the Commonwealth of Hirgizstan has always been something of an enigma and a marvel to both citizens and foreigners alike. It is the only country on earth to operate a corporativist system. It is not capitalist, and nor is it communist or socialist. Corporativism is largely seen as a 'third way' between the two poles of left and right.

The word corporatism (from which corporativist is derived) comes from the latin word corpus, which means 'body'. At first glance many believe corporativism evolved from something to do with business corporations, but this is false. The central idea was around before large business' were ever referred to as this. The idea behind corporatism is that of a collective body, from the concept of the whole society working as one, where each component plays an active part in the life of the body, i.e. the nation.

Some have described corporativism as a new form of feudalism. But this, of course, is simply naysaying by those who neither appreciate nor understand the actual concept or the workings of it. In fact it seeks to create a world apart from feudalism and a world apart from class warfare that capitalist and communist systems of economics both create.

Corporativism arose out of the search for an economic system that would eliminate every last vestage of class warfare, and create a united, patriotic society that worked only towards the national good. It is the active merger of the state and corporate power. Unlike Capitalist or Communist systems business is not either controlled or not-controlled by the state.

In a capitalist system the fact that corporate power, i.e. business, was separate from the state created a number of problems. The biggest was corruption, wherein politicians had ties with business and ignored their duty as elected/non-elected officials to work for the state, instead they worked for whatever company/business paid them. Another major problem was that business' sometimes worked against the nation, they undermined it by selling things to the enemy or not doing what was good for the whole country.

Conversely in a communist system the state would control all business and those at the top, who perhaps knew nothing of the business world, would control all business. There would be no competition, mass corruption and eventually stagnation and collapse.

So, you have two imperfect systems, both at opposite ends of an unpleasant spectrum. Both have major flaws.

Corporativism simply took that spectrum and tore it up. There were too many problems with every system on it for a nation to prosper to the best of its potential.

Corporativism thus does not control business, but it keeps the option to step in and take control of business if and when it sees fit. This can include during a time of total war, where national economic management is necessary, or when a company is not fulfilling its duty to the nation or the people. Naturally, safeguards exist so business/companies cannot simply be taken over without reason. Legitimate reasons have to be proven in order for the state to step in. And unlike a communists system, Corporatavism promotes competition because that is simply the only way companies will improve and stay prosperous.

So what of class warfare? Corporatvism's first order of business, so to speak, is to wipe out all vestiges of a unionized workforce. Unions are simply communist soviets in disguise, and there is ample evidence from both capitalist and communist systems that unions simply destroy business with endless amounts of harmful legislation and strikes. Thus in the Commonwealth, Unions are illegal.

But simply because unions are illegal does not mean the workforce is not represented. Quite the opposite. Unions were simply a product of the left wing, and therefore an entirely inefficient and illegitimate way to go about workforce representation. In a Corporatavist system both blue collar and white collar workers (this distinction does not exist in the COH as class-warfare has been eliminated, it is merely used here for illustrative purposes) are represented by the Department of Corporations. The Courts of Arbitration are provided to resolve disputes in the workforce, ensuring there is an amiable, workable and fair consensus agreement to any problems that arise. This system ensures there is no animosity between management and regular workers, which is what plagued other systems and was part of the basis for class warfare and communism.

FREE TRADE AGREEMENTS

The Insurmountable Empire of Layarteb
The Holy Republic of Hawdawg
The Fourth Reich of North Germania
The Armed Republic of Soviet Bloc
The Realm of Cotland
The Islamic Federated States of Ottoman Khaif
The United States of Brink
The Grand Duchy of Saint Lazare
The Roman Empire
The Empire of Neuvo Rica
The Greater Australian Reich

PROVISIONAL TRADE AGREEMENTS

None At Present Time

MAJOR PORTS (For Trade)

Africa (West Coast [Senegal, Gambia, Guinea Bissau, Guinea, Sierra Leone, Libera]):
Dakar
St. Louis
Banjul
Bissau
Conakry
Kamsar
Freetown
Lungi
Shenge
Sulima
Monrovia

Africa (Lower West Coast [DRC]):
Banana

Africa (Upper South Coast [Ivory Coast, Ghana, Togo, Benin]):
Abidjan
Grand Lahou
San Pedro
Tabou
Aboisso
Accra
Axim
Sekondi
Cape Coast
Winneba
Keta
Lome
Porto Novo

Coastal Africa ([Cape Verde]):
Hirgizstan City (Praia)
Mindela (Sao Vincente)
Porto Novo (Santo Antao)
Tarrafal (Santo Antao)
Juncalhino (Sao Nicolau)
Santa Maria (Sal)
Sai Rei (Boa Vista)
Vila Do Maio (Maio)
Sao Filipe (Fogo)
Mosteiros (Fogo)

Africa (North Coast [Libya]):
Tripoli
Misratah
Surt
Al-Sidrah
Banghazi (Bengazi)
Susah
Tobruk

Africa (East Coast [Sudan, Eritrea, Djibouti):
Port Sudan
Sawakin
Tokar
Massawa
T'i'o (Tio)
Assab
Khor Angar
Obock
Djibouti
Tadjoura

Inner Africa ([Uganda]):
Kampala (On Lake Victoria)

Greece:
Alexandroupolis
Kavala
Thessaloniki (Thessalonica)
Mitilini (Lesvos Island)
Rhodes (Island of Rhodes)

Crete:
Kastellion
Sitia

Seychelles:
Victoria
Takamaka

Pacific Ocean:
Howland

North America (West Coast [Washington, Oregon]):
Hoquiam
Long Beach
Bremerton
Olympia
Seattle
Bellingham
Astoria
Tillamook
Newport
Coos Bay
Cape Blanco

TRADE

The Commonwealth of Hirgizstan, being isolationist, only trades with those that it has concluded FTA's with. But even so, Hirgizstanian trade volume is huge and ever increasing, producing an annual trade surplus of over NCN3 Trillion (over $3 Trillion).

Hirgizstan has states in several different continents, and each has different climates and geographies. Therefore the Commonwealth has a vast array of natural resources at its disposal. This is paramount as it keeps a huge industrial sector supplied with raw materials.

Mining is one of the major industries in Africa, where the worlds greatest deposits of natural resources and materials are located. Mining is highly technological today but still requires a lot of manpower in order to keep quality high, especially when Gold and priceless materials are concerned. Everything from coal to uranium is mined in the Commonwealth and in some cases Hirgizstan is the only producer of some rare materials. Palladium and Molybdenum, for example, are two metals that virtually no other nation on earth can produce, therefore on materials like these the Commonwealth has virtual monopoly.

Fuels are also extremely important and a huge part of the economy. Hirgizstan controls the worlds largest deposits of oil, spread across a number of African states. Various companies also have exclusive access to oil and natural gas deposits in the Middle East and Asia. Thus, the Commonwealth is the worlds largest supplier of Oil and produces up to an average of 40 Million barrels a day. However, daily records have been over 70 Million barrels.
Huge numbers of refineries also churn out all types of fuel from rocket fuel to petroleum.
Coal, mostly mined in Africa, is also extracted from the earth in a number of ways but most nations do not use this as their primary source of energy any more so the coal industry has been declining for a number of years.
Natural Gas is found in a number of places in North Africa and is exported.
Ethanol is also extremely popular and in great demand as many nations now seem to be embracing policies of combating climate change, and thus many states in Africa where there is agricultural land have been producing this fuel. The industry was given a boost in 2000 when the Commonwealth made it mandatory that all fuel burning vehicles be flex-fuel capable within two years.

The Tree Felling industry has actually gone through something of a resurgence both at home and abroad, as various trees native to Africa have been in demand across the world for car parts and furniture, and new '5 Acre' laws have recently been put into place to allow timber and other woods to be sold on this basis.

Because of the corporatavist system in Hirgizstan and the fact that the Commonwealth has one of the worlds largest populations, there is a robust, healthy and huge Industrial sector, reputedly the worlds biggest. Manufacturing and Heavy Industry receive generous Government subsidies because they often provide the Government with necessary manufactured goods, from cars to computers. Manufacturing in the Commonwealth is a huge industry and there are numerous companies that make everything under the sun, selling their products domestically and abroad. Some of the most successful companies are INDIAN Motor Company, Hirgizstanian Motors, both of which dominate the domestic and some foreign car markets, Hirgizstanian General Electric Corporation, Hirgizstanian Defense Armaments Corporation and a number of others.

Naturally, because of the large amount of precious metals and precious stones avaliable in Africa, the Hirgizstanian jewellry industry is one of the biggest in the world, producing Billions of Credit Notes worth of stock every year. Hirgizstanian Jewellry is world renowned and healthy competition in the trade from other TATO members ensures the industry is kept at the peak of its abilities.

The huge amounts of agricultural land right across Hirgizstan has produced a massive agricultural sector that produces many different types of foods. The Agricultural sector is worth Trillions and cheap equipment made by many different companies ensure that even the smallest agricultural producers are not left out. Fishing is also a huge business because of the vast amounts of coastline. Indeed, Howland Island's enlargement was partly funded by several large fishing conglomerates to allow them to build a town and a dock where ships and personnel could go for periods of time to fish in the magnificiently abundant Pacific.

The large foodstuffs industry, mentioned above, has of course given rise to a number of other sectors, including retailing, where HIRG-MART dominates domestically and is opening an increasing number of foreign stores. Fast-Food has also come along way in the past 50 Years, with several outlets being established such as Max-Burger, Star Food, Sunny Fried Chicken (SFC), Captain Hirgizstan's, Speedy Sandwhich, Delightful Deli, Seattle's Best (Coffee), Light Bites (health-food), Clements Coffee, STREAT (sandwhiches, coffee etc), Safari Time (bush-meats) and a number of others that can be seen up and down streets across the world. Alcohol production is also a relatively large sector, but really only in the North American states where the climate is more suited to the various ingreedients. Certain famous brands such as Brewster's, Westinghouse, Distiller's Choice and a huge range of alcoholic products from the Steinhewser Corporation, are avaliable all over the world.

Tourism is another huge industry in the Commonwealth, as many parts of the nation are stunningly beautiful and the numerous ancient landmarks, mountains, rainforests, deserts and all sorts of attractions ensure a steady stream of tourists from FTA nations.

The amount of raw materials on offer in the Commonwealth and the sheer size of the population gave rise long ago to a massive construction sector that rakes in Trillions every year. Houses, skyscrapers and all sorts of other buildings in between are always being built right across the country, and a stable housing market ensures fair prices to first time buyers, who can then gain a reasonable profit if and when they come to sell.

The IT business is another booming sector that is helped by the fact that software and hardware components are produced very cheaply and very professionally, allowing virtually anyone to own a decent computer. A massive communications sector simply aided the spread of the IT ready community with 92% of all households in the nation being linked to a High Speed Broadband/DSL connection, this being one of the worlds highest rates of connectivity. Cheap computers and components are often widely exported and are very popular due to their durability, reliability and cheap cost.

Nuclear Power has also become an industry in and of itself in the past 30 years as it provides a huge source of power with little waste for quite a number of years. Adequate waste disposal technology, while not entirely perfected yet, has come a long way in these 30 years and thus Nuclear Power is set to grow even moreso in the next 30 years.

Because of the huge number of rivers in Hirgizstan, Hydro-Electric Power has been exploited to the full and Hirgizstanian knowledge on the technology has been exported to a number of different nations wanting to build large HEP stations.

Defense is the largest single sector in the Commonwealth, and Hirgizstan is the largest Defense Armaments producer in the world. The sector in itself is worth hundreds ot Trillions of NCN's and Hirgizstanian weapons are used in numerous military and police forces the world over. A massive raw-materials sector and huge workforce allow and unprecedented level of production, ensuring that Hirgizstan is not only the biggest producer of armaments, but also the fastest.

Drugs are another huge sector, simply because of the sheer size of the population and the overall demand for drugs from not only individuals but also hospitals and organizations. Many different cures and remedies now with Pharmaceutical labels have been found and continue to be found in the African rainforests, allowing the Hirgizstanian Pharmaceutical industry to be one of the most progressive and pioneering.

Automobile manufacturing is such a big market in Hirgizstan that it deserves a mention separate from that of heavy industry. Since the invention of the automobile production line, Hirgizstanian automakers have been at the cutting edge of motoring technology. In the Commonwealth cars are a symbol, as well as a tool. They are cheap yet well made and robust. The average family in most countries, with a mid-level income can hope to have two cars, one per parent supposedly. In the Commonwealth it is not uncommon for the same sort of family to have three, four or even five cars, as their kids come of driving age (16). The Motor Insurance sector also ties hand in hand with the car sector. It is believed by the Government that cars are a useful tool and something people need and want, therefore they should not half to be extorted to pay for things they wish to have. Thus, motor insurance in the Commonwealth is perhaps the cheapest in the world. Petrol and Diesel are also cheap, retailing usually for around NCN0.50 per gallon (around $0.50). Ethanol is slightly more expensive, at around NCN1 per gallon (just over $1). In some places it is a common saying that 'it is cheaper to drive than to walk.' Foreign cars are also readily avaliable in Hirgizstan, alongside the usually much larger, more powerful and cheaper domestic versions. Foreign cars are usually status symbols or tools of necessity depending on which country and which brand. Virtually no small cars are made by domestic companies and thus foreign brands are looked to for that class of vehicle, as are those that have high gas mileage. Hirgizstan is essentially a driving culture.

Publishing also happens to be big industry, with the huge amount of schools benfitting from competing publishers and book retailers.

As is probably quite clear, consumerism in Hirgizstan is healthy and robust, as it competition between domestic and foreign business, helping to keep the nations economy healthy.

TRADE PRICES*

Oil (Per Barrel): $9
Natural Gas: $7.50/ MMBtu
Ethanol [E-85 'Corn Oil'] (Per Barrel): $15
Coal (Per Ton): $37
Timber (Per 5 Acre Tract): $62,800
Steel (Per Ton): $492
Iron (Per Ton): $62
Copper (Per Ton): $5,500
Zinc (Per Ounce): $1.25
Tungsten (Per MTU): $175
Molybdenum (Per Pound): $25
Aluminium (Per Pound): $1.25
Nickel (Per Pound): $16
Zinc (Per Pound): $1.70
Palladium (Per Ounce): $335
Lead (Per Pound): $0.70
Gold (Per Ounce): $450
Silver (Per Ounce): $250
Bronze (Per Ounce): $150
Platinum (Per Ounce): $525

Diamond (Per Carats):
1 Carat- $48 Per Ounce
2 Carat- $70 Per Ounce
3 Carat- $110 Per Ounce
4 Carat- $250 Per Ounce
Ruby (Per Ounce): $23
Sapphire (Per Ounce): $33
Emerald (Per Ounce): $35

Uranium: Mined, but sold only to TOA Members.


* All Trade prices are subsequent to changes in the world markets, the prices quoted here are relative to current trends.

Culture

Hirgizstanian culture, like the nation itself, has been around for a very long time. Hirgizstanians were among the first people to inhabit the earth. It is generally accepted that the first Hirgizstanian settlement appeared somewhere in central southern Africa, where the modern day state of Zambia is located. Bones and artefacts also show Hirgizstanian prescence in other parts of Africa, notably in the more northern and central states. Hirgizstanian culture is said to have gone through fout relatively distinct stages, tied with the history of the people and the nation. They are the Early Civilization/Pre-Oppression period, the Oppression period, the Independence and Republic period and finally the Great Commonwealth period.

The first period, the period prior to the Hirgizstanian's oppression by the Kameze people, was a time of early settlement and development that lasted from around 600 BC to 700 AD. Written records from this time are sparse, but from what we do know early Hirgizstanian society began to form. The Hirgizstanian people were largely tribal in their origins and were nomadic until around 100 AD when religion, particularly Christianity began to influence people. At this time the first large settlements began to be created as nomadic herdsmen and traders began to settle with each other, the remnants of which are still being unearthed today.
At this time Hirgizstanians were largely independent, occassionally warring with other tribes and peoples as the tribe extended up the centre of Africa all the way to the Meditteranean. It was in the late 600's that Islam began to influence those in the north of Africa, and indeed many Hirgizstanians converted from paganism. Christian and Islamic Hirgizstanians lived together peacefully, the only world civilization at the time to do so. Tribal links were well entrenched and the strength of the people was never given up.

So at this early stage the origins of Hirgizstanian nationalism were quite evident, although back then it was simply natural for the people to stay together and it was easy to prosper as a larger group. At this time people spoke the Hirgizstanian language, and early religous texts, the bible and the Quran, were translated into rudimentary Hirgizstanian. Unforunately literacy was not a major priority and few people besides societies leaders could read or write, relying on verbal teaching.

Thus it was around 700AD when another civilization began to encroach on Hirgizstanians across Africa. They were known as the Kameze. They were tribal and idol worshippers. They were immensely large and powerful, with standing armies and advanced weapons and tactics for the time. They objected to the largely peaceful, prosperous and religous Hirgizstanians, above all they were jealous and saw Hirgizstanians as a weaker people. Hirgizstanians were largely agricultural, and military training was low as a priority. Hirgizstanians had not fought any major battles for around 100 years, whereas the Kameze's were a form of warrior tribe, who had little other expertise, especially when compared to Hirgizstanians who had mastered numerous different trades.

It took a short 3 years for the Hirgizstanians to be defeated in battle, with much of the adult male population being wiped out. Thus began a period of exodus for the Hirgizstanian people. Some groups headed north, into the deserts of North Africa and into the Aegean sea. Others fled to western Africa, and many of the wise men and elders ended up on the islands of Cape Verde. Still others travelled east through Abyssinia and fled across the Red Sea, eventually travelling south. This group later became famous in Hirgizstanian literature as Abiram and the Great Journey. Abiram was the elder that led them to the sea, and for several years they sailed in the Pacific, finding only strife and hostility, before eventually ending up virtually on the other side of the world, on the West Coast of North America. Abiram's journey is one of the great pioneer stories of the world and was a major cultural influence in the later periods of Hirgizstanian development.

And so with the oppression and exodus period split the Hirgizstanian people like never before. Those who did not or could not escape suffered the wrath of the violent Kameze's. Religion, a massive part of Hirgizstanian society, was banned and many people were burned alive for their beliefs. But many continued to hide religous texts and practice religion in secret. Rebellions were attempted at various times during the oppression, notably in 872 and 934, both times the rebellion failed with disastrous results. But unlike some cultures the Kamezes made no attempt to integrate Hirgizstanian into their culture. They were seen as slaves, unclean and disgusting people who had no higher purpose than to serve. Thus Hirgizstanian culture was not lost, and those who suffered actually banded together like never before, still developing their trades under the yoke of oppression and keeping the now banned language and customs of the people alive.

Those who had fled flourished. Trade with other cultures began from the Aegean and North America, and the first contact with friendly cultures was made. Hirgizstanian culture developed moreso, as the different climates and geogprahies gave rise to new trades and furthered new ways of life.

Then in 1010 the descendents of the elders who had been living on Cape Verde came back to Africa and travelled into what is now Nigeria and Libya, recruiting the strongest and fiercest Hirgizstanians, creating a small but potent army that utilized Hirgizstanian expertise to craft weapons and train wild animals. The army became famous in the Kameze outposts in the northern Congo as the mythic Army of the Desert, coming out of billowing sandstorms and taking revenge on Kameze's in the bloodiest and newest ways. This Army released many Hirgizstanians in the Northern Congo and southern Sudan, and the Army grew, creating another facet of Hirgizstanian culture, that of well trained and brutal warriors.

After a six year campaign the last of the Kameze people were hung outside the ancient Hirgizstanian city of Lusaka in Zambia. Hirgizstanians the world over rejoiced after hearing the news, some not hearing for many years that their brothers and sisters had been freed. Naturally after indepence there was a period of cultural resurgence. Religous texts were now fully and much more accurately translated into Hirgizstanian and for the first time the Hirgizstanians had a military force with which to protect themselves. Thus began a period of expansion, taking over lands in Africa that once belonged to Kamezes or that Hirgizstanians had fled to during the exodus.

Trade with other Hirgizstanians close to Africa began and pilgrimages to holy sites in the Middle East brought trade and links with other civilizations, as well as expansion south which met with closer ties to peaceful and prosperous civilizations in Africa. In the period between Independence and the Declaration of the Republic, settlements and the survival based existence of the people changed. Cities sprung up everywhere and a focus on prosperity and massive trade and production began. A new language began to catch on across Africa, English, which came about from trade ties.

The Republic came about in 1550 when it was decided to amalgamate local rulers into a more centralized national body, called a Government. This was radical in a time of Monarchs and Sultans, but Hirgizstanians saw it not as radical, but as necessary for their society to have better organization, which would in turn help them to prosper and deal with other civilizations on a national level. The richer people began to speak a rudimentary form of English, which was especially useful for trade and the first rights began to be outlined by the new Government. Jails, the military, education , technology and other structures/advancements of/in the early state began to come into existence in the late 1600's and a higher form of society was developed.

Expansion was a major feature of the 1600's as the Navy was built and developed. Numerous wars were fought in the name of expansion and other cultures were eventually assimilated, themselves becoming Hirgizstanian over time. A sense of nationalism began to permeate society as a whole, people developed a sense of real belonging to the nation.

In 1798 the Constitution was written, in response to a number of conflicts over peoples rights and the aim and workings of the Government. The Head of State and Government was established, along with a Congress and the right of everyone, regardless of gender, over the age of 21 to vote was acknowledged. The new forms of Government and a clear text about the workings of the nation, states and peoples rights gave rise to yet a better society and Hirgizstanians flourished.

However, expansion into North Africa brought about a revolt in 1812 by a number of Congressmen who quit the Congress and began to enlist in private armies, their aim being to stop, by force if necessary, what they saw as the brutal and shameful expansion across the continent. Thus an insurrection began across southern Sudan and the Northern Congo, with the Army being forced to retreat from western Africa to deal with the trouble. Within two years the insurrection was over, but it had left an indelible mark on the nation. It has now become known as the Civil War. People became more patriotic and more supportive of the of the head of the country, the President, whose position was basically a gentleman politician, above the sometimes petty squabbles in the Congress.

Furthern expansion and the creation of a number of new states led to a nationwide discussion on the suitability of the Republic to rule. Thus in 1914 the Commonwealth was declared. Things now changed significantly. The country became authoritarian with a strong focus on the military and law and order. Education and the entire system of Government was overhauled to meet the needs of society that yearned to be strong. Two years of military service became mandatory and any dissent or objection was punished by death, it was seen as treason to refuse to serve. But a number of short wars proved the unsuitability of conscripts to real fighting, and the National Army was created, which would be where people served their mandatory two years. Besides this a professional military was created, which would be all-volunteer. Women could not serve in the military at this time and instead had to complete a Female Citizenship Course that taught them the basics of being a woman in the state, with a focus on traditional values for women. This didn't stop women playing a prominent role in many places in society, but many placed the value of family over the need to achieve career success.

Law and Order became a primary concern for the state as the population grew. The Fuhrer at the time coined the phrase "to have rights safeguarding anything and everything is to have no rights at all." Peoples rights were altered, everyone 18 or over was allowed to vote for their local, state and national representative but political parties were abolished as they were seen as divisive. The press had to sign up to the 'National Press and Media Code of Conduct', which ensured the press and media operate for the good of the people, to inform them fully and correctly without embellishment and to state facts clearly and presently. This essentially made and makes the Hirgizstanian press unique in the world. They can still question the government etc, but must do so intellectually. Slander, tabloid sensationalism and vulgar reporting are not tolerated in the Commonwealth, the press is instead an intellectual establishment that has won worldwide acclaim due to its unique style.

The transition to the Commonwealth also brought about the switch to corportavism between 1915 and 1918. It was a period of severe economic upheaval as unions were dismantled and the Department of Corporatism was integrated with the economy and the workings of the state. At the outset the economic future of the country was in doubt, but by 1921 things began to look much better and today the economy has survived some of the worst world economic and financial troubles. The major litmus test of modern times was the collapse of the Bjornoyan International Stock Exchange (BISE). Every other large world economy was hit badly and recession's followed, but the Hirgizstanian economy was not affected and actually grew in this uncertain period.

Social welfare had not, essentially, been a part of the nation and never really was. Some small pension and unemployment programs spearheaded by Congress prior to 1914 were the only notable attempts at government regulated social welfare. They were not very successful and the Commonwealth's policy was to eradicate any traces of this welfare so that hard working citizens were not robbed of their hard earned money to pay for those who were lazy or chronically unemployed. This tough policy has kept unemployment at a low level since 1918.

Taxation has changed a number of times over the years, being higher in 1918 as the population was smaller. But at the moment, with several billion people working tax is extremely low. Since 1950 the Government has also made sure to publish and make avaliable its annual 'Budget and Spending Report', which details all un-classified Government spending so that the people can see exactly where their tax Credit Notes are going.

Health-care has largely been left up to states. There is no national expenditure on health-care. All states operate a Basic Health Care Plan, which ensures those who are under 12 get free health-care. However, unlike other nations the Department of Corporations has been heavily involved in the Health Insurance sector, ensuring every citizen has a fair deal on their health insurance and that drugs stay at cheap, managable prices.

Hirgizstan is also unique in the fact that war is seen as a positive. Since the era after the Great Oppression Hirgizstanians have seen war as a vessel of progress for humanity and society. Without war, there can be no progress. War is seen as healthy and necessary for an ambitious and healthy people wherein innovation, bravery, honor and tenacity are brought to the fore of ever true Hirgizstanian. Thus, unlike other nations, Hirgizstanians do not worry about warfare, to them it is necessary for the national good.

The most vociferous gun culture also exists in the Commonwealth. Due to the huge armaments manufacturing sector firearms of all types are in plentiful supply, cheap and easy to obtain for legal aliens and citizens. Few weapons are actually banned, and anything up to and including lightly armed APC's can be bought quite easily. Seven in ten households have one or more firearm and those three out of ten households that do not have firearms would consider purchasing them if the Hirgizstanian mainland ever came under threat of invasion. In some states, children as young as 10 can purchase firearms with a parent or guardian present. The only weapons that are banned are large scale explosive devices, certain rocket incendiary weapons and tank ammunition etc. It is the belief of the Government and the people in general that to defend oneself with firearms is an inalienable right and any bans or tough prohibitive legislation is usually seen as negative. Despite the unique Hirgizstanian gun culture, crime rates are the lowest in the world and there are very few firearms crimes and due to progressive education about weaponry accidents rates are low aswell.

Popularity for the Government and overall system has grown in leaps and bounds over the years. Crime has virtually been completed eradicated in various places and Hirgizstan is the safest nation on earth, with some of the toughest penalties for crime.

Since the formation of the Commonwealth and the reorganization of various industries and sectors the overall HDI of the country has grown exponentially and continues to grow today with more money being spent on technology, health-care, education and living standards that benefit all citizens.

Defense, a priority of the Commonwealth since 1016, is the second biggest area of Government expenditure (Law Enforcement being the biggest), and thus the Hirgizstanian military is large, extremely well supplied and extremely well paid.

A strict adherence to a National Code of Honor for all Government, State and Local Officials formed in 1950 has effectively eradicated corruption which had become a major problem since the late 19th Century, with bribery, extortion and double standards basically destroying certain departments and wiping out trust in various institutions. Today corruption, at any level anywhere, can be punishable by death as it can sometimes be seen as a form of treason.

Other more recent cultural changes occured in the early 1970's when a rising occurence of political correctness and frivilous lawsuits began to scare people from practising their cultural norms. Thus major changes in education and legislation had to be brought about to stop these potentially damaging trends that threatened to erode what it was to be Hirgizstanian. The idiotic pursuit of moral relativism (i.e. the endless pursuit of equality and political correctness) has been removed from society due to successful education policies in favor of righteous moral clarity and freedom.

Demographics

After the February 2007 Census, it was established that 4,478,129,976 citizens live in the Commonwealth of Hirgizstan. This makes the country the fifth most populous on earth. Of those citizens 51.69% are women and 48.31% are men. The distribution of the populace is 21.55% (ages 0-16), 56.70% (17-65) and 21.75% (65 and above). The average age of males is 33.8 years and the average age of femailes is 35.2 years, with a median of 34.5 years. The annual growth rate in the Commonwealth is around 3.26% with an average 16.77 births per 1000 people and an average 9.31 deaths per 1000 people. Migration rates are low and fairly constant due to the strict requirements and quotas. Migrations averages around 1% per 1000 people.

Infant mortality rates are around 3.98 deaths per 1,000 live births. Life expectancy at birth, for males, is 77.58 years and for females it is 81.38 years with a median average of 79.48 years, one of the highest in the world. On the average, each women gives birth to 2.87 children.

Individuals with HIV/AIDS in the COH number just under 3,000. This is mainly due to strong sex education programs at school and encouraged use of contraception. Transmitting HIV/AIDS is a criminal offense in the COH.

Ethnically speaking the majority of the populace in Hirgizstan is black, but only by a relatively small margin. 32.96% are Black, 28.36% are Caucasian, 18.97% are Arab, 13.34% are Greek, 4.21% are Creole and 2.16% are Asian Islander. The majority religion in Hirgizstan is Christianity (44.1%- Spread across multiple denominations, the biggest being Roman Catholicism, followed by Protestantism and Greek Orthodox), the second biggest being Islam (31.9%- Mainly Sufi with very small Sunni and Shia percentarges). Strangely Judaism (6.4%) has seen somewhat of a revival in recent times, especially in middle Africa and North America, in contrast to its notable decline in other nations. Hinduism (4.5%) accounts for a small percentage of Asian Islanders. Bahai (3.7%) is another religion that has a small but dedicated and growing following in the Commonwealth but is not present in many other countries. Agnosticism (8.3%) accounts for a sizeable chunk of the populace and a smaller percentage of people are considered Atheist or part of 'other' (1.1%) religions or simply have no religous beliefs at all.

English is the main language of the Commonwealth, everyone who is a citizen must be able to fluently read and write in English. Some 92% of people also speak a second language, mostly the two Official second langauges of North Germanian and Spanish. Cottish, Arabic and a number of other languages are also spoken as second languages by a large percentage of people.
Literacy rates in Hirgizstan are quoted as 99.65%, with a HDI of 0.954.

Administrative Details

The Commonwealth of Hirgizstan is organized as an authoritarian republic. There is simply no better term with which to describe the country. At the Federal level and below Hirgizstan is organized democratically along the lines of a traditional democratic republic. Citizens in their respective states can vote for their national, state and local political representatives. However, there are no political parties in Hirgizstan as the very notion is anathema to the very being of the nation, in that parties promote fractious relationships both in their representative duties and in the electorate. Anyone, however, may stand in an election if they so choose. All candidates are considered as independent, in that they stand for election on issues that matter to the electorate. Broadly, there are two 'blocs' or 'notions' for candidates at all levels. These are the 'more tax' and 'less tax' blocs, the less tax bloc wanting a tax rate below what it would currently be (currently at 4%) and more tax bloc wanting increased taxes. Both believe in their causes for a range of reasons that may or may not be relevant to any given electorate.

The Federal Government is organized around the Fuhrer, who has the right to a chosen Cabinet that heads the different Departments of Government. Each Department has a primary focus (Health, Defense, State, Education etc). The Fuhrer is the highest force in the country, he is the 'arbiter of the national will'. The Fuhrer has a final say, so to speak. The National Government operates from the White House.

However, the Fuhrer is not superhuman or omnipresent. His purview is focused on the broad domestic issues and the broad foreign issues. The legislature handles much of the smaller business in domestic policy and can sometimes influence foreign policy. The legislature is bicameral with a lower house (the House of Representatives) and an upper house (the Senate). Both of these are located in what is known collectively as the Congress. Representatives are elected from state districts and there are 655 Representatives. The number of Representatives from any state depends entirely on the size of the state, for instance Sudan has many more Representatives than the Seychelles due to its size and population. The Senate, on the other hand, has 74 Senators, two from each state. All Congressmen are elected by the people they serve.

The final area of administration is the Judiciary. Nationally there are ten different Courts with different areas of responsibility. Then there is the 11th Court, or as it is commonly known, the Supreme Court, that is an appellate court with ten Justices. The Fuhrer has the right to appoint all National Judges, but these appointments have to be approved by the Congress.

However, it is worth remembering that the Fuhrer is the ultimate embodiment of the nation and the national will. The final arbiter is the Fuhrer.

Administrative Divisions

The Commonwealth of Hirgizstan is organized into 37 states. Each state has its own legislature, all are bicameral. Before the Commonwealth was created the states used to have different kinds of legislatures, with vastly different State Governorships. This was, naturally, a major problem for the Federal nature of the country as it provided for much confusion. Thus with the creation of the Commonwealth the 'State Political Regulation Act' was quickly passed by Congress. The SPRA essentially normalized states, giving them the right to a bicameral legislature and Governorship with mayors and local councils etc. State Legislatures are all based upon the national one, with a House of Represenatives and a Senate. The Governor acts like a President of sorts, with a state cabinet. He answers to the state legislature and is responsible to them and the electorate. State Judiciaries were also modernized with the 'State Judiciary Normalization Act', which quickly followed the SPRA. The SJMA took away older and more fractious forms of state courts and provided for a structured number and type of state courts. There are now, for each state, seven different types of state level courts, along with a Supreme Court.

The Federal Government in some policy areas is completely absent, an example is Public Transport. Zero National Credits are spent from the Government in this sector as it is left entirely up to the states to decide and regulate. Many states have a cheap, small and accessible public transport system that competes with private companies. Education is also left mostly up to the states, although federal funding for certain programs has now come into effect.

Essentially states are fairly autonomous in the Commonwealth in some areas. People are quite loyal to their states and opinion polls show that they prefer the Federal Government stays out of state affairs as much as possible, lest an enlarged bureaucracy follow.

Federal Government

The federal government of the Commonwealth of Hirgizstan is organized in an authoritarian fashion, centered around the Fuhrer. The federal government encompasses the national political arena. Local and state Governments are subservient to the federal government.

The federal government of Hirgizstan is responsible for overseeing the vital policy areas that concern the Commonwealth such as foreign affairs, justice, commerce, defense, and a number of other areas. The Government oversees these policy areas via Departments.

Naturally the government itself is centred around the Fuhrer, who is the Head of State and Head of Government. There are 17 Departments in total (the Secretaries of which make up most of the Cabinet), Defense, Justice, Trade, Commerce, Intelligence, National Security, Education, Finance, Corporations, State, Agriculture, Interior, Energy, Health and Human Services, Veterans Affairs and Housing and Urban Development. Each Department is headed by a Secretary (except the DOJ which is headed by an Attorney-General) who is an expert in the relevant field, naturally they must have a lot of experience and accreditation to rise to such a position and for Congress to ultimately accept them (although if he feels strongly enough the Fuhrer can overule Congress). A clear and distinct chain of command exists in these Departments and issues and recommendations propagate both upwards and downwards.

Unlike in some federal nations the Fuhrer can propose legislation, has the power to veto legislation (including line-item veto's) and can strike legislation off the the records if it he feels it does not suit the needs of the country at large. Thus the Fuhrer, and the entire Executive (Government) is a powerful check on Congress, just as they are a powerful check on the Executive, and the Judiciary is also a strong check on both Congress and the Executive. This Separation of Powers and inter-structural accountability is embodied in the basic tenets of Hirgizstanian democratic and political processes.

The Departments of the Government cannot themselves propose legislation, but they can propose it via the Office of the Fuhrer. They also have a legislative consultation function in which they check in detail proposed legislation relating to their particular areas to ensure it will work and that it is or is not feasible or good practice.

The Department of Agriculture (DOA) is responsible for all Agriculture related policies in the COH. They provide informed information to the Government on all areas of Agriculture and the broader farming industry that forms a large part of Hirgizstan's economy.

The Department of Commerce (DOCOM) is responsible for all commerce within the boundaries of Hirgizstan. It is not responsible for foreign trading, that being left up to the DOT. Commerce works closely with both the DOT and the DOF to ensure that the Cabinet and nation as a whole is kept informed at all levels about the economy, and that there is a body able to critique those Bills or Acts that pass Congress, that fall into the purview of the DOCOM.

The Department of Corporations (DOC) is the largest of the 17 Departments. Its concern is entirely economic. It is the direct government voice for Corporativism, is responsible for emplyoment, employee representation and rights, taxes and regulates business policy throughout the country. It works very closely with every other Department and unlike them it is extremely 'visible' in public life in Hirgizstan as it basically oversees the whole economy.

The Department of Defense (DOD) is one of the largest of the 17 Departments. The central concern of the Department is the harmonisation of policy and the works of the Joint Chiefs. The harmonisation of policy is a very important role because the DOD in itself has 7 Departments, Coast Guard, Air Force, Navy, Army, Border Defense Forces, Navy, Marines Corps and Military Intelligence. Thus the harmonisation process combines the wishes of these different departments into one policy purview that can be diseminated and accurately reported up or down. The Joint Chiefs are the direct military link between the Cabinet and the Military, their Department is the DOD. They are the highest ranking military officers from the 6 different military arms and they are the militaries top link to the Fuhrer. Naturally the DOT works closely with several other Departments including the DOI and DONS.

The Department of Education (DOE) is responsible for education within the Commonwealth. It brings together three sub departments for Elementary, Secondary and Higher (Collegiate etc) Education. It provides clear guidelines on what syllabuses in all schools should teach and the various qualifications students must receive by the end of whichever level of education they are in. However, due to the fact that the Federal Government does not directly fund all education, the DOE also provides rules and guidelines to the states, religous organizations and corporations etc that also run schools.

The Department of Energy (DOEN) is a rather large Department with thousands of employees. It runs many of the Primary Power Sources of the Commonwealth (albeit under the Hirgizstanian National Power Authority, a Government owned Corporation). As well as this energy policy and research is represented and disseminated here at Cabinet level.

The Department of Finance (DOF) is simply responsible for the Hirgizstanian currency and the nations foreign currency reserves. It works very closely with the DOC, DOCOM and the DOT.

The Department of Health and Human Services (DOHHS) is responsible for Government Health policy and those services which help people but are not considered to be health related. Essentially the DOHHS is a figurehead body that really only provides guidelines and suggests legislation, as well as acting as a watch-dog.

The Department of Housing and Urban Development (DOHUB) is a small Department that oversees the Federal Housing Code and ensures Hirgizstanian urban development is smart, sustainable and does not conflict with the rights of any citizen.

The Department of Intelligence (DOI) is a highly secretive part of the Cabinet, responsible for foreign and domestic intelligence work. The DOI represents and oversees the National Intelligence Agency, Hirgizstanian National Security Agency and the Domestic Security Agency. They engage in spying, espionage, paramilitary operations, and provide funding to groups the Commonwealth may wish to support. The NIA is responsible for both domestic and foreign intelligence activities and is very closely tied to the military. The HNSA is responsible solely for foreign intelligence activities and the very small DSA is responsible only for domestic intelligence activities. All agencies operate under secrecy and are protected from public knowledge, especially in regards to funding, operations, and locations.

The Department of the Interior (DOIN) is responsible for the federal health of the country. The DOIN has an Office from every state that brings together the various interests of each state to give them direct Cabinet level representation.

The Department of Justice (DOJ) is responsible for checking legislation (and helping the Fuhrer's Office and the Fuhrer himself to propose and analyse it) and law enforcement. Thus it is responsible for the biggest budget in the Government (second only to Defense). Law Enforcement is a massive responsibility in the Commonwealth. Hirgizstan is the fifth largest country in the world by population and largest by land mass, yet has the lowest crime rate, best police and is the safest country in the world. This is due in a very large part to Law Enforcement and the creation of working and responsible legislation. The DOJ is also responsible for the Drug Enforcement Agency which works to combat drug problems across the country. The Federal Marshalls are also responsible to the DOJ. They are essentially an old tradition from the 19th Century when the mining rush took hold in Africa and lawlessness needed a cure. Due to their service and effectiveness the Marshalls are still around and today their job is to track down escaped prisoners and escort prisoners as well as protecting witnesses in criminal and other proceedings. The Hirgizstanian Prison Authority also comes under the DOJ's purview and is responsible for all Federal Prisons in the Commonwealth. The Fuhrer Guards are another a part of the DOJ, responsible for the protection of the Fuhrer himself and Government officials.The DOJ also organizes the Government's policy and positions on Federal Courts and helps organize the nations Judicial system.

The Department of National Security (DONS) is the newest of the Departments, although it is actually around 30 years old. It works very closely with the DOJ and the DOI. It is essentially a large, Cabinet represented policing force responsible for securing the nations borders. This means it provides National Security Agents and Operatives as well as playing a large policy advisement role.

The Department of State (DOS) is a vital Cabinet asset. The DOS is responsible for all foreign contact and the maintenance of embassies and consulates in foreign countries. The State Department is also a crucial component in foreign pacts, agreements, and negotiations. Diplomatic recognition and negotiations, though subject to final approval by the Fuhrer are conducted solely by the State Department (although Congress can call cases into question if they wish). When unable to attend foreign gatherings, the Secretary of State will go in the Fuhrer's place.

The Department of Trade (DOT) is responsible for Hirgizstans vast foreign trade, both imports and exports. National trade deals are worked out by the DOT and they provide guidelines for imports, exports and foreign investment. The DOT also oversees Government aid to foreign countries.

The Department of Veteran's Affairs (DOVA) was set up because of the huge amount of Hirgizstanian Veterans that swamped the small Veterans Office in the pre-Commonwealth era. The DOVA's public body is the Veteran's Association which oversees the welfare of all Hirgizstanian military veterans, ensuring they receive what they deserve for serving the country. The DOVA is also a policy maker that works closely with the DOD.

The Cabinet, however, does not simply end with the 17 Departments described above. There are a number of Offices within the Executive structure that provide the Fuhrer with a large staff of experts that, along with the Cabinet, help decide what is best for the country.

In the pre-Commonwealth era there was a weal state structure and a weak Parliamentary style Government under a President and Premier. Corruption abounded and the country, due to inefficient legislation, increased bureaucracy and a lack of direction at the Executive level, was headed toward failure. Thus in the Commonwealth era the Government and National bodies written in the Constitution were finally put into place, with corruption and bureaucracy being stamped out, both being labelled as 'traitorous' as they were simply seen as 'un-Hirgizstanian'. Replacing anarchy with authoritarian and centralized Government, as well as accountable democratic representatives at the state and national level, allows for an incredibly efficient, transparent and workable system.

Local Government (Town, City, County etc)

The local government of the Commonwealth of Hirgizstan is typically republican and 100% democratic. Local government begins in villages and expands through towns, cities and counties.

On the local level, executives, governors, council men and women, mayors, and commissioners are directly elected by their respective bodies of people. Under this system, each elected official represents far fewer individuals than they would at the federal level and thus can serve them better. State governors appoint cabinets similar to those at the federal level. They receive funding mostly from their constituents directly but they receive a good amount of funding from the federal level, which trickles down through each tier, to the lowest level.

Local officials serve terms between 2 and 8 years, depending on the municipality. Term limits exist in some areas and in others they do not. Political campaigns are known to be very competitive and begin between 4 to 8 weeks before the election date, which is always the first Sunday in November. On January 1, elected officials take their new office. Campaign funding is strictly enforced and funds may only come from personal wealth and private donations. Private donations are limited to NCN300,000 per contributor and all funds must be approved by the state's Electoral Commission before they can be allocated to the candidates. This helps to stamp out corruption.

Voting is carried out by all citizens, male and female, over the age of 18. Registration is automatic at age 18 and voter turnout rates average in excess of 85%

Local governments work in conjunction with the state and sometimes the federal government.

State Government

In each state the entire populace of that state chooses representatives to send to the state legislature and they also choose the Governor of the state. Elections for these positions take place every two years and can be quite competitive, especially for the Governorship.

Like local elections, state elections are carried out by males and females above the age of 18. Voter turnout is typically around 87%.

Governors are essentially 'mini-presidents' who have a Cabinet similar to that which the Fuhrer has and they can propose state legislation to be debated in the legislature. State legislatures are all bicameral with a Senate and House of Representatives. The size of these legislatures depends on the size and population of the state. States also have their own judiciaries, with 10 different courts including a State Supreme Court.

State Governors work closely with the Federal and Local Governments.

Domestic Policies

Domestic policies in the Commonwealth of Hirgizstan are dramatically different than what they were during the days of the Republic. Domestic policies are most traditional, conservative values with emphasis on personal responsibility, morality, patriotism and indeed conservatism. Most domestic policies are strictly enforced were the law is concerned and petty crimes are policed just as heavily as more serious crimes. Policies, defined by laws and the Constitution, are decided on by Congress and the Government.

Character, Moral Conduct & Responsibility

Before the Commonwealth was declared Hirgizstanian society was close to collapse due to a lack of morals, national character and a citizenry unwilling to take responsibility for themselves. In order for the Commonwealth to flourish and meets its destiny this bankrupt society had to be recreated from the ashes, like a phoenix.
A revival of traditional 'Hirgizstanian' values began to solve the problems of a rotten society by making people live up to the correct moral values instead of decadent, self gratifying, careless ones. People who committed crimes could no longer hide behind excuses such as 'bad upbringing' and 'personal demons'. Harsh prison sentences and the re-instatement of capital punishment made serious inroads into crime figures very quickly.
Idiotic, frivolous lawsuits, a drain on money and a bane of a good society, were also eradicated as it these cases were simply refused by Judges and newly educated lawyers with a sense of responsibility and Hirgizstanian morality.
A move from social welfare to a complete absence of welfare society also forced people to be responsible for their own lives or suffer because of their laziness and ineptitude.

Conscription

Conscription, even during the Republic, was always mandatory for all those turning 18. A two year stint was the norm but during the Republic there was an irresponsible policy of 'no excuses' whereby those wishing to go to College/University beforehand were not allowed to. The Military was also simply 100% and completely unsustainable.
With the declaration of the Commonwealth the conscription system was radically changed. Regular military forces are now 100% volunteer. Conscription, however, is still a policy. At 18 (or after a completed College/University Degree, usually at 21) all males are 'conscripted' into the 'National Army' wherein they are taught the basics of military life, shown career possibilities in the regular military and taught Guerilla warfare so they can operate as part of the National Militia once their concscription is finished. Males with medical disabilities are trained in non-combat duties. Failure to serve is punished by 2-10 years in a minimum security prison and citizens rights can and usually are revoked for 25 years after release from prison.
Citizens who have completed their National Army service are, until they are 60 years old, mandatorily part of a National Militia wherever they happen to live. These militia forces meet once a year to train and, in the case of invasion, will be activated to carry out Guerilla warfare.
Females are also conscripted in a similar manner to institutes where they are taught self-defense, home economics, child-care, finances and other important topics.

Crime and Law

With regards to crime and law, the Commonwealth of Hirgizstan maintains it as the focal point of the state, even above defense. Law and Order are considered paramount in Hirgizstan. Violations of law and order are treated as such and punished accordingly. General speaking, the Commonwealth is known to have some of the harshest criminal penalties in the world.
Crimes are classified as common crimes, misdemeanors, felonies, and capital crimes. Common crimes include parking violations, speeding violations, and other petty crimes that are normally dealt with by summonses or warnings. Misdemeanors are "lesser" criminal acts. Misdemeanors are generally punished less severely than felonies; but theoretically more so than common crimes. Misdemeanors are classified in four groups ranging from a Class A, which can have up to two years in prison and/or up to NCN20,000 in fines to Class D, which can have a maximum of thirty days in jail and/or fines up to NCN5,000. Those serving prison sentences for misdemeanors are held in minimum or medium security facilities with individuals serving misdemeanors as well.
Felonies are categorized in four groups as well, with Class A felons serving prison sentences in excess of 50 years and up to 150 years for the most serious, Class B felons serving prison sentences between 30 and 35 years, class C felons serving between 20 and 25 years, and Class D felons serving between 5 and 15 years. Fines are imposed as well. Individuals convicted of felonies, upon completion of their sentence, are severely limited. They are required to have a tracking device surgically implanted into their body, their civil rights are curtailed to where they cannot vote and neither can they work in some institutions, usually determined by their crimes.
Then, there are capital crimes, punishable by death, which in the Commonwealth is via a firing squad. There are number of capital crimes including homicide, rape, severe crimes against children,treason and drug crimes. Individuals convicted of these crimes are held in maximum security facilities, are often kept in their cells for up to 23 hours a day and are severely restricted. These individuals, on average, are imprisoned for a total of 2 weeks before they are executed. With regards to appeals in all cases, all individuals are granted, under the law one appeal in the first week or their incarceration, only special cases are granted appeals in the second week. Should that appeal maintain their conviction, they will continue to serve their sentence. In cases where released felons commit crimes again, even misdemeanors, they are immediately returned to jail and imprisoned for life as a Class A felon, regardless of the level of the infraction. There is a "two-strike" rule. Ex post facto laws are prohibited. The Commonwealth of Hirgizstan does not believe in rehabilitation as much as it believes in punishment. Lesser crimes may be met with rehabilitation but it will not reduce their sentences or punishment. Individuals who commit false accusations are charged with one class higher of crime as those that they are accusing and perjury is an automatic class C felony. There is a trial by jury for all misdemeanors. Felony trials are also trial by jury but the judge has far more power over the jury than in misdemeanor trials. Capital crimes are not trial by jury. Intoxication during a crime raises the class of the crime by one degree, for example, drunk driving where an individual is killed will be regarded as a capital crime.

Defense

With regards to defense, it remains the second most important policy within the Commonwealth of Hirgizstan. It is a primary obligation of the federal government to provide for the common defense, and to be vigilant regarding potential threats, prospective capabilities, and perceived intentions of potential enemies. The goal of Hirgizstan security and defense policy is to defend the national security interests of the nation. The Department of Defense calls for the maintenance of a strong, state-of-the-art military on land, sea, in the air, and in space. Women are permitted to serve in the military under a number of non-combat capacities.

Diseases

With regards to incurable diseases, the Commonwealth of Hirgizstan classifies them in two main categories: contagious and non-contagious. Non-contagious diseases include cancer and other like diseases. Contagious diseases are classified according to their method of transmission. Venereal diseases are considered some of the most immoral and are frowned upon significantly. Such diseases are treated as threats to national security and individuals are forced to relocate to camps and secluded villages where they cannot pass their diseases to the remainder of the public. These areas, though segregated from society are not under standards but seclusion from the outside world is strictly enforced.

Drugs/Narcotics

With regards to illegal drugs, the use, sale, possession, and manufacturing of illegal drugs is considered a felony and/or a capital crime. Posession of relatively small quantities of drugs can, and has frequently in the past, led to execution and even possession of as little as 5NCN or marijuana is an instant 50 year jail term in a medium security prison. The Government has a 'no excuses-zero tolerance policy on illegal drugs. The Food & Drug Administration has the authority to declare whether or not a drug is considered legal.

Education

Education is one of the most important topics at the federal and state level. The DOE sets the broad outlines (Syllabus) of what children should learn in their respective tiers of education. However, the government recognises that parents have the right to provide for the education of their child/children as they see fit. Schools are not run directly by the Federal government. Some states run their own schools, but the majority are run by religous organizations and private companies. All classes at every level of education are taught in English. English and North Germanian are the two major languages and are taught in all schools up to a certain level in a cumpolsory format, and voluntary format thereafter. Naturally, an emphasis on national history and identity is found in the national syllabus. It is important that education inform children of their nation's history and its character, as well as what is expected of them as Hirgizstanians.

Energy

With regards to energy, the Commonwealth of Hirgizstan has the largest energy resources and reserves on the planet and utilises several different forms to a large degree, including oil, nuclear and hydroelectric. There is a heavy reliance on oil and petroleum, especially for the automotive industry. All cars are, however, flex-fuel capable by law, meaning they have to be able to run on E85 Ethanol and other types of bio-fuels. National power is provided in several different ways, from largest to least used; nuclear, oil, hydroelectric, gas, wind, solar and tidal.

Environment

With regards to the environment the Commonwealth believes that it, as just one nation on a large earth, has no bearing whatsoever on the climate of the globe. Scientific evidence of global warming or cooling is lacking in saying there is a trend to either side. The earth is, rather, in a state of constant flux between the two, completely unaided and unhindered by human activity. Humans are but a small part of planet earth, which was already changeable before human activity. The Commonwealth wastes no federal money on environment programs but by law toxic pollution over a certain level is a serious criminal offence.
Hirgizstan also maintains a 'clean earth' policy whereby irresponsible waste practices are proescuted heavily if they are found to be damaging to local land and/or communities. The Commonwealth also protects hundreds of thousands of square miles of land and sea as animal reserves and national parks etc.

Family

In Hirgizstan, the family unit is the most important social bloc. Without strong family units the fabric of society becomes torn and brittle, weakening the nation as a whole. To aid the unity of family, tax breaks are widely avaliable for married couples that produce kids. Business' are also encouraged to stay closed on Sundays, as well as public holidays such as Christmas and Easter.
The Commonwealth defines marriage as between a man and woman and opposes homosexuality, which is illegal. However, jail sentences are not the punishment on conviction. Homosexuals are sent to re-habilitation and re-orientation facilities were they are assessed, examined and treated in order for them to become law-abiding, heterosexual and productive citizens.
Divorce, while perfectly legal, is strongly discouraged in the Commonwealth.

Foreign Policy

Hirgizstan is a free, independent and sovereign nation which strives to live in peace with other nations, refraining from interfering in their internal affairs and without permitting them to interfere in Hirgizstanian affairs. As befitting such a foreign policy outlook, the COH belongs to only two alliances, the October Alliance and the Greater African Treaty Organization, both of which uniquely respect the full sovereignty of the member nations involved. The Commonwealth does join into Free Trade Agreements and Provisional Trade Agreements were the government sees fit to do so but these may be rendered null and void at any time for any reason. They are not eternally binding on either signatory. The Commonwealth enters into no treaties or international legislative organizations, seeking only trade agreements that provide for a certain amount of diplomatic relations in addition to trade relations.
The COH is totally and completely against any form of international law and/or organizations, especially those which seek to limit the sovereignty of the nations involved. The Commonwealth takes a semi-isolated role in world affairs and does not and will not get involved in any place were interests are not present.

Gun Control

The Commonwealth believes that a people who are armed are safer and more secure. It is also a belief that tyranny will never take root at the federal, state or local level if the populace maintain the means to defend themselves and to, if the need arises, take armed action against forces of tyranny, be they foreign or domestic.
Thus, limits on weapons in the Commonwealth are the slackest in the world. The following classes of weapon can be purchased in every state at the age of 18 if that person has a clean criminal record and clean bill of mental health (in some states, children as young as 12 can legally own many of these classes of weapons but must be accompanied by an adult when purchasing them):

Knives
Swords
Pistols (Automatic and Revolver)
Submachine Guns (Automatic and Burst firing)
Assault Rifles (Automatic and Burst Firing)
Sniper Rifles (Up to .50 Caliber)
Light and Heavy Machine Guns
Explosive projectiles and associated firing devices weighing no more than 3 Kilogrammes
Artillery and Mortars up to 155mm Caliber
Tanks (Max. Main Armament Caliber: 125mm)
Armoured Vehicles
Infantry Fighting Vehicles (Without Rocket type weapons)
Military Aircraft (Excluding Fighter Jets faster than Mach 1.5)
Naval Ships (Subject to the relevant state Port and Rivers Authorities approval)

Owning military vehicles such as tanks and armoured vehicles may be beneficial as tax breaks are avaliable to those who make their vehicles part of their local National Militia unit. Nearly all registered military vehicles, aircraft and ships in private hands are part of National Militia units. Those that aren't usually belong to museums or are too old to be of use.

Healthcare

Healthcare in the Commonwealth is entirely private. There is no Government expenditure on healthcare except for members of the armed forces and law enforcement personnel. However, the DOC legally requires that all business' of a certain size must provide very affordable and competitive health insurance cover to all of its employees. Those who are self-employed or work for small companies are able to choose from numerous health care providers who keep rates low and competition strong due to the policies laid down by the DOC.

Immigration

As a free and sovereign nation, the Commonwealth of Hirgizstan strongly affirms its borders. Immigration is restricted according to certain classifications. The top tier of this classification is October Alliance nations, whose immigration quotas are between 100,000 to 250,000 temporary immigrants each year. The next tier is for Free Trade Agreement nations, which numbers between 50,000 and 100,000 individuals per year. Provisional Trade Agreement nations cover the next tier and these are limited to 10,000 and 50,000 individuals per year. Citizens of nations that are only 'recognized' and those that are considered rogue/terrorist states and therefore 'unrecognized' are forbidden from entering the Commonwealth and will be killed if attempting entry or executed if illegal entry is somehow gained.
In order to travel to Hirgizstan you must apply for a visa in advance (except for October Alliance nations were a visa waiver program exists) and go through a short background check and interview. If you fail you won't be allowed the visa. Each tier faces less and less restrictions to obtain a travel visa. Temporary immigration is considered travel visas. In so far as temporary residence visas and student visas are concerned, the Commonwealth puts a national cap of 15,000 temporary residents and 50,000 students each year.
Naturalization requires residency in Hirgizstan for a minimum of 10 years, good moral character, completion of several interviews, and completion of several exams. Illegal immigrants are immediately deported. Illegal immigrants who repeatedly enter the Commonwealth can be imprisoned. The COH reserves the right to execute illegal immigrants attempting to subvert our borders. Individuals with temporary visas who commit crimes can be imprisoned and/or deported.

Labour

In the Commonwealth of Hirgizstan, employee unions and union-like activity are completely banned. This kind of activity is purely Marxist/communist in its origins and goals and is not tolerated. Punishment is severe.
The very low cost of living in the Commonwealth means that the minimum wage is also very low, at NCN4 per hour.

Personal and Private Property Security

As a deeply conservative nation the Commonwealth of Hirgizstan is of the belief that citizens will flouris and prosper without the state's meddling or intereference in their personal affairs. People, therefore, have strong rights of property and person including rights against unreasonable searches and seizures, including arbitrary or de facto registration, general and unwarranted electronic surveillance, national computer databases, and national identification cards (other than a Driving Licence).
Peoples rights to privacy in their own homes is affirmed strongly through law in Hirgizstan and they have the right that their house or property (ies) may not be searched (nor anything seized) unless they may be suspected of being involved in criminal activity where judicial proof (for warrants) has been established.
Forefeiture of property may only be carried out on a person or persons if they are convicted of a criminal offense.

Pornography

Pornography is and immoral and deeply destructive influence on the body and minds of everyone involved. Its is therefore banned in the Commonwealth. The visial recording (video/photography) of sexual acts that are to be sold is a criminal offense in Hirgizstan, with extremely heavy fines and jail sentences upon conviction.

Religion

The Commonwealth of Hirgizstan strongly affirms the separation of church and state. The government takes on an official agnostic stance. Religious freedoms are not infringed upon unless they violate the safety, security, and sanctity of other individuals. For this example, human sacrifice is banned. Churches are not exempt from taxation.

Sanctity of Life/Abortion

Abortion is, in Hirgizstan, illegal except in cases of rape, risk of death or serious injury to the mother or child or if the child is mentally impaired (case dependant). Those involved in illegal abortions of any description face the death penalty. Choice in any abortion case is left entirely up to the family. In regards to suicide, there is no law against suicide but failed attempts can be often be met with state enforced institutionalization. Euthanasia is illegal and is considered murder.

Trade and Tariffs

The Commonwealth of Hirgizstan opposes all trade agreements that may have effects that are damaging to the economy of the country, especially effects that may have an impact on economic self-suffiency, employment and exports. Outsourcing, while not illegal, is heavily discouraged but due to a lack of unions and extremely favourable working conditions it is not much of a problem in Hirgizstan. The Commonwealth believes in Free Trade Agreements but does not allow them to weaken the national security and integrity of the nation. Tariffs imposed are not imposed to dissuade foreign investment but are also in effect to encourage buying domestic goods over foreign goods.
Broadly speaking the economic policy of the COH is not entirely protectionist. Capitalism is the surest way to prosperity for any nation and too much state intervention and regulation can only ruin this. However, in all trade deals and agreements the Commonwealth is dedicated to getting primacy for its interests and its interests alone.

Taxes

The Commonwealth of Hirgizstan believes in low taxes. Citizens work to earn their pay and the Government should only take a small portion of that money. A complete lack of any social welfare and state healthcare programs means that taxes can be kept very low, often not going above 8% on income. Tax evasion is a major felony and sentences are based on circumstances. Taxation of inheritance, gifts, and prizes is not in effect. Sales tax is determined by the standard of living in certain areas and it is what provides the most funding to states.

Veterans

Veterans of the military are treated, in Hirgizstan, with the upmost respect and dignity they deserve. An entire Government Department deals with their affairs, including pensions, healthcare and other forms of assistance they are entitled to. Abuse of veterans of any description is severely punished.

Welfare

The Commonwealth of Hirgizstan does not believe in social welfare. People who are of sound mind and body, yet who do not work, are entitled to nothing from the federal, state or local government. Charities that may seek to help these people are strongly discouraged.

Foreign Relations

For the Commonwealth, foreign affairs are simply a means of ensuring primacy for the nation and security and prosperity for the people. The State Department takes a strong semi-isolationist view of foreign relations, a view that believes solely in the betterment of the Hirgizstanian position and no other. The State Department does not seek to invest itself in any way, shape or form in the internal relations of another country nor does it seek to restrict or alter any other nations foreign policy unless it directly affects the security and sovereignty of the Commonwealth. Hirgizstan only belongs to two treaty organizations, the October Alliance (TOA) and the Greater African Treaty Organization (GATO). As opposed to international relations, trade relations with many nations continue to flourish. These relations are organized into five categories. These categories determine the viewpoint of the Commonwealth of Hirgizstan to said nation as well as limitations on travel visas and residencies.

The October Alliance Category

Members of this category enjoy free trade relations, mutual defense, an open-border policy, a visa waiver program, very few travel and residency restrictions and priority over other states. Citizens of these nations are given priority over others when it comes to residency visas, naturalization, and student visas.

Nation Name (Travel Quota)

The Realm of Cotland (20,000,000)
The Holy Republic of Hawdawg (20,000,000)
The Empire of Layarteb (20,000,000)
The Islamic Federated States of Ottoman Khaif (20,000,000)
The Armed Republic of Soviet Bloc (20,000,000)

Greater African Treaty Category

Members of this category enjoy free trade relations, mutual defense, an open-border policy, a visa waiver program, very few travel and residency restrictions

Nation Name (Travel Quota)

The United States of Brink (20,000,000)
The Holy Republic of Hawdawg (20,000,000)

Free Trade Agreement Category

The Free Trade Agreement category is the highest tier that a non-October Alliance state can achieve with the Commonwealth of Hirgizstan. F.T.A. states have an embassy located within the Commonwealth and vice versa. These states enjoy free trade with the Commonwealth and less strict regulations on travel visas and residency.

Nation Name (Travel Quota)

The Federated Democratic Empire of RomeW (10,000,000)
The Grand Duchy of Saint Lazaire (10,000,000)

Provisional Trade Agreement Category

This category is a restrictive preparatory category that is achieved before an F.T.A. is decided upon. P.T.A. states have a Consul located within the Commonwealth and vice versa. These states enjoy free trade in some categories, with restrictions in others. This form of trade agreement is largely constructive and is examined to see whether an F.T.A. would be viable and/or useful. Travel quotas for nations in this category are restricted to 1,000,000.

Nation Name (Travel Quota)

No PTA's at this time.

Diplomatically Recognized Category

The DR category is the lowest category of foreign relations acivity within the Commonwealth of Hirgizstan. Nations in this category do not have free trade or a consul or embassy and their citizens are refused entry into the country. Diplomatic activity is, however, not stopped and this stage could be seen as a kind of safety net for nations that may wish for better relations with the Commonwealth.

Nation Name (Travel Quota)

The United Eastasian Republic of Marimaia (0)
The Federative Republic of Pushka (0)

Non-Recognized/Rogue/Terrorist State Category

Members of this category are not recognized as states or viable national entities. They are considered to be outside of regular norms of the nationstate and are treated with upmost caution by the Commonwealth of Hirgizstan. Citizens of these nations are treated with caution and are forbidden from entering the Commonwealth. Nations in this category are denied aviation/flight routes over the Commonwealth.

Nation Name (Travel Quota)

Royal Domain of Barronia Europa (0)
The Superlatively Sacred Domain of The Blessed Chris (0)
The Farmboys of Bull Horns Rule (0)
The Workers State of Kulikovia (0)
The Council State of Nerotika (0)
The Pampas Repoblek of Pynholt (0)
The Holy Republic of Prazinia (0)
The Confederate States of Spizania (0)
The Federation of Terronian (0)
The Grand Duchy of Thrashia (0)
The Union of Soviet Trasa (0)