[NS]ICCD-Intracircumcordei
19-10-2006, 09:31
I'm going to start assembling the Imperial Brazil Factbook around 1870 for the Post FrancoPrussian war RP
OK I'll try to order it. still gaps...
S.1 History
S.2 The Government and Territories
S.3 Military i. Navy ii. Army iii. Other
S.4 Economy
S.5 Culture
S.8 THE ROYAL FAMILY
S.9 THE BRAZILLIAN TERRITORIES
S.1
-----
When napolean invaded the Iberian Peninsula, the royals of portugal the Bragança's retreated to Brazil, to run the Portueguese empire from there.
They eventually went back, but left behind was the son of the King.
There was movement for indpendence in this new age of republics, liberlism, freemasonry etc.. and Brazil was one of the last Monarchist and Slave Owning countries. So the Son of the King of Portugal declared Brazil as the Empire of Brazil. He then asked the "portugeuse" (loyal to the government in Lisbon) to leave (he was portuguese, as were all the brazilian portugeuse.), under thee slogan "Independance or Death" The King didn't like that, but he said, that his son could be "regent" or Emperor, as long as the King of Portugal maintained the title of Emperor of Brazil, until he died. Pedro I agreed, and eventually his father died.
When his father died Pedro became king of portugal, and went back to Portugal, but was still "Emperor of Brazil". He "abdicated portugal soon after" in favour of his daughter then under 10, and agreed that Migel his brother could rule, as long as Migel married Migel's neice (Pedro's daughter) (oddly these were catholic countries...) Pedro I was also Pedro IV.
Upon returning Pedro also abdicated the Brazillian throne installed his son Pedro II then 5 years old and went to the Azores to prepare to attack his brother in Portugal who took over in Portugal, Migel having breached the agreement about marrying Pedro I's daughter, Migel's neice. Pedro won the breif "civil war" migel went into exile, and then Pedro reinstalled his daughter who was then around 15 or something. Pedro died soon after of tuberculosis.
Back in Brazil Pedro II had a bunch of domestic issues, rebellions, wars, etc.. to deal with. There were a number of large wars the most recent being the War of the Triple Alliance (1864-70) against Paraguay, resulted in Brazilian Occupation of Paraguay (historically until around 1878), a war said to have seen the disapearance of half the population of Paraguay. The Paraguayan War rapidly expanded the size of Brazil's army, to 100,000. The war ended in 1870, the year the RP is set to begin. There are a number of different political factions that may be dealt with later.
-------------------------------
S.2 Government
Type: Constitutional Empire
Leader: Emperor Pedro II
Subnational leader: Prime minister and others as well as "royal titles"
------------
PARLIAMENT: parliament, The Federal Assembly based on universal adult male suffrage in the French tradition, was established in Rio de Janerio in 1851. Brazilian Chamber of Deputies,
CONSERVATIVES: the nobility, the Church, and the army.
LIBERALS: ?freemasons? other wealthy parties.
The Senate
The first configuration of the Senate was a consulting body to the Emperor. Membership was for life and it was a place of prestige, to which only a small morcel of the population could apply.
t 40 years old and, which was more significant as a limitating factor, an annual income of 800 thousand contos-de-réis was necessary in order to run. Furthermore, electors were selected by income as well. In order to be able to vote in the election, any man (women did not vote in the Brazilian Empire) was required to have an annual income of at least 200 thousand contos-de-réis. But those who qualified to vote with this income would not vote directly for the senators; instead, they voted on other people, who were candidates to senator electors. In order to run for this position, a minimal annual income of 400 thousand contos-de-réis was required. Once elected, those electors would vote for senator. The election itself would not turn out a winner automatically. The three highest-voted candidates in each circumscription would make up what was called a "triple list", from which the Emperor would select one individual that would be considered "elected".
The only exception for these rules were the Princes of the Brazilian Imperial House, who were senators by right and would take a seat in the Senate upon completing 25 years of age.
Deputies in the Chamber divided along party lines, partisanship.
Cabinet is hand selected by the Emperor
S.3 Military
--------------
Commanders of Note:
Luís Alves de Lima e Silva,
Viscount of Taunay, major in the Army
Marshal Manuel Luís Osório
Marshal Manuel Deodoro da Fonseca
General José Antônio Correia de Câmara (Visconde de Pelotas)
In General three groups of Officers are common:
oldest group had helped suppress the regional revolts of the 1830s and 1840s, had fought in Argentina in 1852, and had survived the Paraguayan War.
mid-level officers were better schooled than their seniors and had been tested in combat in Paraguay
junior officers had missed the war but had the most education of the three groups
Rank and File
---------
* some are court ranks some are military commissions and some are politcal
ranks of general and baron, subsequently becoming marshal, marquis, and aide-de-camp of the emperor.
Minister of War
Duke of Caxias
marechal-do-exército (Marshal of the Army)
commander in chief of Imperial forces,
marechal-do-exército — "Marshal of the Army", and resumed the senatorship
Lieutenant General and Marquis.
Exército do Sul (Army of the South)
senator,
Count. Pacifier of Brazil"
commander in chief of the Army (presidency of the province)
field commission as Marshal commander in chief of operational forces, and vice president of the state
Baron
Brigadier General,
general commander of the military,
Colonel,
Lieutenant Colonel,
Major
Lieutenant,
Military Institutions:
Academia Real Militar (Royal Military Academy)
Special Forces:
Imperial Guarda de Honra e o Batalhão do Imperador — an Imperial guard integrated by eighty military soldiers, considered to be the elite in athletic and tactical skills.
Imperial Chapel.
Emperor's Battalion
Brazilian National Guard 125,000 in the Volunteers or National Guard Battalions
composed of 61+ field batallions
The national guard has it's own cavalry regiments and infantry battalions
15,000 to 18,000 National Guard men served as logistic support troops
Brazilian Imperial Army around 25,000 in the regular army
first line of the army was constitued of 22 battalions
-----Brazilian Imperial Artillary
-----Brazilian Imperial Calvary five cavalry regiments
and some others in small police units
Brazilian Imperial Navy
The largest South American navy was Imperial Brazilian Navy. Some ships were bought in Britain and France and there was a navy yard at Rio de Janiero which built most of the ships. Although Brazil was not a major industrial nation, engines for some ships were built in Brazil.
Sailing Vessels
1 Frigate
5 Corvettes
2 Barques
5 Brigs
7 Brigantines
1 (Text missing in book)
4Schooners
2 Gun boats
27 Ships
Steamers
7 Screw
8 Paddle
15 Ships of 1770 NHP
In the Matto Grosso there were another 29 gun boats and there were 3 frigates, 4 corvettes and a steamer under construction. Based on that, it's possible to put names & figures to some of the ships of the Brazilian Navy in 1859. The armaments which include Whitworth guns are likely to be from the period of the Paraguayan war or after. The 68-pr guns listed are more likely to be 65cwt 8-inch shell guns than 95cwt solid shot guns.
Constituicao, frigate, launched 1826, 30 32-pr, 2 24-pr & 30 42-pr carronades, 1768t, 53m94 x 7m92
Amazonas, paddle frigate, launched 1851, 4 32-pr & 4 70-pr Whitworths, 1800t, 56m88 x 9m81, 350hp, 10kt
Belmonte, screw corvette, launched 1856, 4 32-pr, 2 68-pr & 1 70-pr Whitworth, 602t, 51m20 x 7m46, 120hp, ?kt
Beberibe, screw corvette, launched 1854, 6 32-pr & 1 68-pr, 559t, 52m42 x 7m62, 30hp, ?kt
Parnahyba, screw corvette, launched 1858, 602t, ? x ?, 1 70-pr Whitworth, 2 68-pr & 4 32-pr, 120hp, 12kt
Recife, paddle corvette, launched 1850, ?t, 50m59 x 7m01, 2 30-pr shell guns & 2 30-pr, 150hp, ?kt
Bahiana, corvette, launched 1849, 24 30-pr shell guns, ?t, 44m80 x 10m36
Berenice, corvette, bought 1847 from Argentina, 14 30-pr and 8 small, 362t, 35m96 x 9m75
Carioca, corvette, launched 1824, 18 guns, 818t, 37m49 x 10m05, foundered 13 April 1859 off Sao Paolo.
Dona Isabel, corvette, launched 1855, 20 30-pr shell guns, 617t, 130' x 33' (original says pes, presumably not the same as English feet)
Ipiranga, steam gun boat, launched 1854, ? guns, 350t, 39m04 x 5m52, 70hp, 9kt
Araguaia class (Araguaia, Ivahy, Araguary), screw gun boat, launched 1858, 2 32-pr & 8 68-pr, 400t, 44m20 x 7m40, 80hp, 9kt
Japura, steam gun boat, bought 1855, 1 30-pr shell gun & 6 32-pr, 323t, 36m57 x 7m31, 80hp, ?kt
Anhambai, steam gun boat, launched 1858, 2 guns, ?t, ? x ?, 40hp, ?kt
Mearim class (Mearim), steam gun boat, launched 1857, 4 32-pr & 2 68-pr, 415t, 45m72 x 7m01, 100hp, ?kt
Paraense, paddle steamer, launched 1851, ?t, 59m01 x 9m, 1 70-pr Whitworth, 3 68-pr & 2 9-pr Whitworth, 220hp, 8kt
Coastal Defence battleships
Barrozo 1864
Brasil Le Seyne 1864
Tamandare 1865
Lima Barros Laird 21st December 1865
Bahia Laird 6th October 1865
Silvado Arman Launched 1866
MARIZ E BARROS CLASS COAST DEFENCE BATTLESHIPS
Mariz E Barros Rennie 1866
Herval Rennie 1866
CABRAL CLASS COASTAL DEFENCE BATTLESHIPS
Cabral Rennie 1866
Colombo Rennie 1866
SETE DE SETEMBRO CLASS COASTAL DEFENCE BATTLESHIPS
Sete de Setembro Rio De Janeiro *in construction
JAVARY CLASS COASTAL DEFENCE BATTELSHIP
Javary Le Havre 1874 * in construction
Solimoes le Seyne 1874 *in construction
Nichtheroy (Wooden Corvette) Rio de Janeiro Dockyd 1862
Vital De Oliveira (Wooden Corvette) Rio de Janeiro Dockyd 1867
Trajano (Wooden Sloop) Rio de Janeiro Dockyd reconstructed as cruiser Tonelero
Trajano, * in construction
----------------------------------
S.4 ECONOMY
MAJOR EXPORTS:
RUBBER, COFFEE, SUGAR
ALSO: cotton, tobacco, cocoa, rubber, and maté
cattle herds
rubber boom in the Amazon region became the financial foundation for that remote region's cultural opening to artists from all over the world.
Rubber, which Indians had used for centuries, increased in value once Charles Goodyear (1800-1860) visited Brazil in 1840 and especially after he invented the vulcanization process that improved rubber's industrial applications.
COTTON nvited successful Confederate cotton planters to settle in Brazil. Between 1867 and 1871, major cotton producer 3000+ Confederate families passed through the port of Rio de Janeiro.
Meat-salting plants (saladeros ) in Rio Grande do Sul shipped sun-dried beef to the expanding coffee-growing region to feed its slaves and freed tenant farmers (colonos ). In addition to beef, Brazilians ate protein-rich beans, rice, and corn, much of which came from Minas Gerais or the immigrant colonies of Rio Grande do Sul. Interregional trade was budding, but for the most part local self-sufficiency was the norm. Indeed, more people produced food for the domestic market than labored on
TRANSPORT AND COMMUNICATION:
Brazil built its first stone-paved road, "União e Indústria" (Union and Industry), linking Rio de Janeiro, Petrópolis, and Juiz de Fora.
Brazil's first steam-engine locomotive started running from Santos to São Paulo in 1868, Railway Rio de Janeiro and into the Paraíba Valley, and later into the fertile highlands of São Paulo. In 1860 Brazil had only 223 km of railroads; by 1885 this total had increased to 6930 km. The main rail link between São (* geussing at around 2000km until a more accurate answer can be found for 1870) railroads to speed transport of the beans to the coast. The Santos-São Paulo Railroad (1868) was the first major breach of
the coastal escarpment, which had slowed development of the Southern plate
networks of mule trails that moved goods and people throughout the vast interior. Viewed as archaic by modern observers, the mule train trails nonetheless were important in Brazil's formation, tying the various regions together and spreading a common language and culture.
Paulo's eastern highlands and the ocean port of Santos allowed for a rapid expansion of coffee into the center and northwest of the state.
Brazil-Europe submarine cable was installed
first postal stamp.
telephone service began in 1877 *NOT QUITE YET
S.6
------
S.7 FAMILY
-----------
oth the house of Bragança Uncle and Nephew
Of course the monarchies do not appear absolutist, and there is a lot of internal contraversy.
some other Braganca's from Pedro I still alive
* Januária de Bragança, daughter of Peter I of Brazil and IV of Portugal and his wife Maria Leopoldina, Archduchess of Austria.
, Princess Imperial of Brazil (11 March 1822–13 March 1901). Married Luigi Prince of the Two Sicilies, Count di Aquila, son of Francis I of the Two Sicilies, and had issue.
She married Luigi, Count di Aquila and Prince of the Two Sicilies, son of Francis I of the Two Sicilies
she had 4 children
her surviving children
* Luigi (18 July 1845–27 November 1909).He married morganatically Maria Amelia Bellow-Hamel and had 2 children.
* Filippo (12 August 1847–9 July 1922).He also married morganatically Flora Boonen and had no children.
* Francisca de Bragança, Princess of Brazil (2 August 1824–27 March 1898).
Married Francis d'Orleans, Prince de Joinville, son of Louis-Philippe of France, and had issue. daughter, Marie-Francoise de Bourbon-Orleans de Joinville, married her first cousin Robert, Duke of Chartres, (soon to be with child)
" * Pedro II of Brazil (2 December 1825–5 December 1891) "
Pedro I's second wife, Amélie de Beauharnais von Leuchtenberg (31 July 1812–26 January 1873):classical education that served him well. During his long reign, Brazil experienced domestic peace, prosperity, and progress. For example, it was in these years that
Pedro II's daughter
Isabel, Princess Imperial of Brazil Isabel, Princess Imperial of Brazil (July 29, 1846–November 14, 1921), youngest daughter of King Francis I of the Two Sicilies
wife of Prince Gastão d' Orléans, Count of Eu (1842–1922) - Louis Philippe Marie Ferdinand Gaston, Prince d'Orleans, comte d'Eu, son of Louis Charles Philippe Raphael, duc de Nemours, a cadet prince of the house of Orleans. (she is set to have 3 sons)
(she took the role of vice regent in Brazil, on three occasions while pedro II travelled)
He had also nine illegitimate children, including five with his best-known lover Domitila, Marchioness of Santos, one with her sister, and one with a nun in Portugal.
Luís I, King of Portugal
Carlos I son of King Luís Filipe and Princess Maria Pia of Savoy daughter of Victor Emmanuel II, King of Italy.
the other son Infante Afonso, Duke of Porto (1865-1920)
---------------
S.8 SOCIETY
The Amazonas Theater in Manaus, built in the belle époque style during the rubber boom period and with material imported from Europe, was the stage for numerous operas and plays.
Rio de Janeiro's Military Club (Clube Militar) a forum for open debate and criticism of government policies.
S.9 TERRITORIES
-----------------
Map of Brazil
North, Northeast, Center-West, Southeast and South
* North: Acre, Amapá, Amazonas, Pará, Rondônia, Roraima and Tocantins.
The North constitutes 45.27% of the surface of Brazil and it is simultaneously the region with the lowest number of
inhabitants. It is a fairly unindustrialized and undeveloped region, but it accommodates the largest rainforest of the world,
the Amazon, and many indigenous tribes.
Fortaleza the State capital of Ceará, located in northeastern Brazil.
* Northeast: Alagoas, Bahia, Ceará, Maranhão, ParaÃ*ba, Pernambuco, PiauÃ*, Rio Grande do Norte and Sergipe.
roots from the Portuguese colonial period, Afro-Brazilian culture and some Brazilian Indian influence. long periods of dry
climate. It is well-known for its beautiful coast.
tourism??
* Central-West: Goiás, Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul and Federal District.
BrasÃ*lia,
Pantanal, the world’s largest wetland area.
Belo Horizonte capital of Minas Gerais in Southeast region.
* Southeast: Rio de Janeiro, EspÃ*rito Santo, Minas Gerais and São Paulo
São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro,
the largest producer of oil and gas in Brazil.
Historical cities of Minas Gerais, the world famous beaches of Rio de Janeiro, and the EspÃ*rito Santo beautiful coast.
* South: Paraná, Santa Catarina and Rio Grande do Sul
occasional occurrences of frosts and snowstorms. European immigrants, mainly Germans and Italians,
***** paraguay is under occupation
highest peak is the Pico da Neblina at 2,994 metres (9,823 ft),
Guiana's highlands. Major rivers include the Amazon, the largest river in the world by volume, and often considered the
world's longest; the Paraná and its major tributary, the Iguaçu River, where the impressive Iguaçu falls are located; the
Rio Negro, São Francisco, Xingu, Madeira and the Tapajós rivers.
Iguaçu Falls
Brazil's climate is predominantly tropical, with little seasonal variation.
subtropical south is more temperate, it occasionally experiences frost and snow.
Precipitation is abundant in the humid Amazon Basin, but more arid landscapes are found as well, particularly in the
northeast.
A number of islands in the Atlantic Ocean are part of Brazil:
* Saint Peter and Paul Rocks
highest of the rocks, Southwest Rock, has an elevation of 22.5 m, are peaks of the largely submarine Mid-Atlantic Ridge rocks
are scattered across an area that measures 350 m North-South and 200 m East-West. The total land area is about 10,000 m². The
exact location is given as 00°55′08″N, 29°20′35″W.
The largest rocks are:
* Southwest Rock 3,000 m²
* Southeast Rock 1,500 m²
* Northwest Rocks 1,000 m²
* Northeast Rock 1,000 m²
largest of the islets, Southwest Rock, 80 m by 40 m is vegetated with mosses and grasses.
sea birds (Sula leucogaster, Anous stolidus, Anous minutus), crabs (Grapsus grapsus), insects and spiders.
* Rocas Atoll
* Fernando de Noronha
21 islands,e islands of Rata, Sela Gineta, Cabeluda and São Jose, together with the islets of Leão and Viúva make up the rest. maritime flora and fauna; one can spot sea tortoises, dolphins, albatrosses, among many others.
endemic birds — the Noronha Elaenia Elaenia ridleyana and the Noronha Vireo Vireo gracilirostris. Both are present on the main island; Noronha Vireo is also present on Ilha Rata. In addition there is an endemic race of Eared Dove Zenaida auriculata noronha.
, Vila dos Remédios, was founded. The village was divided in two units (pátios); in the superior one were the administrative
buildings, in the lower one the church and the associated religious buildings.
political and ordinary prisoners were sent to the local prison.
* Bananal Island
* Caviana
* Ilha dos Lobos
* Ilha Grande do Gurupá
* Ilha Grande
* Itamaracá
* Marajó
* Paquetá Island
* Ilha da Queimada Grande
* Santa Catarina (island)
* Trindade and Martim Vaz
* Tupinambarana
----
RACIAL MAKE UPS
* white
* mixed race
* black
* asian
* amerindian
* unspecified
Mixed-race Brazilians include mulatto, caboclo (or mameluco) and cafuzo.
The mulattoes, those mixed white and black, Caboclos, mixed white and Amerindian,
Southeast (offsprings from bandeirantes and gauchos) and the cafuzos, those mixed black and Amerindian, are the less numerous
group,
Arab Brazilians Christian Lebanese or Syrian descent.
Japanese
OK I'll try to order it. still gaps...
S.1 History
S.2 The Government and Territories
S.3 Military i. Navy ii. Army iii. Other
S.4 Economy
S.5 Culture
S.8 THE ROYAL FAMILY
S.9 THE BRAZILLIAN TERRITORIES
S.1
-----
When napolean invaded the Iberian Peninsula, the royals of portugal the Bragança's retreated to Brazil, to run the Portueguese empire from there.
They eventually went back, but left behind was the son of the King.
There was movement for indpendence in this new age of republics, liberlism, freemasonry etc.. and Brazil was one of the last Monarchist and Slave Owning countries. So the Son of the King of Portugal declared Brazil as the Empire of Brazil. He then asked the "portugeuse" (loyal to the government in Lisbon) to leave (he was portuguese, as were all the brazilian portugeuse.), under thee slogan "Independance or Death" The King didn't like that, but he said, that his son could be "regent" or Emperor, as long as the King of Portugal maintained the title of Emperor of Brazil, until he died. Pedro I agreed, and eventually his father died.
When his father died Pedro became king of portugal, and went back to Portugal, but was still "Emperor of Brazil". He "abdicated portugal soon after" in favour of his daughter then under 10, and agreed that Migel his brother could rule, as long as Migel married Migel's neice (Pedro's daughter) (oddly these were catholic countries...) Pedro I was also Pedro IV.
Upon returning Pedro also abdicated the Brazillian throne installed his son Pedro II then 5 years old and went to the Azores to prepare to attack his brother in Portugal who took over in Portugal, Migel having breached the agreement about marrying Pedro I's daughter, Migel's neice. Pedro won the breif "civil war" migel went into exile, and then Pedro reinstalled his daughter who was then around 15 or something. Pedro died soon after of tuberculosis.
Back in Brazil Pedro II had a bunch of domestic issues, rebellions, wars, etc.. to deal with. There were a number of large wars the most recent being the War of the Triple Alliance (1864-70) against Paraguay, resulted in Brazilian Occupation of Paraguay (historically until around 1878), a war said to have seen the disapearance of half the population of Paraguay. The Paraguayan War rapidly expanded the size of Brazil's army, to 100,000. The war ended in 1870, the year the RP is set to begin. There are a number of different political factions that may be dealt with later.
-------------------------------
S.2 Government
Type: Constitutional Empire
Leader: Emperor Pedro II
Subnational leader: Prime minister and others as well as "royal titles"
------------
PARLIAMENT: parliament, The Federal Assembly based on universal adult male suffrage in the French tradition, was established in Rio de Janerio in 1851. Brazilian Chamber of Deputies,
CONSERVATIVES: the nobility, the Church, and the army.
LIBERALS: ?freemasons? other wealthy parties.
The Senate
The first configuration of the Senate was a consulting body to the Emperor. Membership was for life and it was a place of prestige, to which only a small morcel of the population could apply.
t 40 years old and, which was more significant as a limitating factor, an annual income of 800 thousand contos-de-réis was necessary in order to run. Furthermore, electors were selected by income as well. In order to be able to vote in the election, any man (women did not vote in the Brazilian Empire) was required to have an annual income of at least 200 thousand contos-de-réis. But those who qualified to vote with this income would not vote directly for the senators; instead, they voted on other people, who were candidates to senator electors. In order to run for this position, a minimal annual income of 400 thousand contos-de-réis was required. Once elected, those electors would vote for senator. The election itself would not turn out a winner automatically. The three highest-voted candidates in each circumscription would make up what was called a "triple list", from which the Emperor would select one individual that would be considered "elected".
The only exception for these rules were the Princes of the Brazilian Imperial House, who were senators by right and would take a seat in the Senate upon completing 25 years of age.
Deputies in the Chamber divided along party lines, partisanship.
Cabinet is hand selected by the Emperor
S.3 Military
--------------
Commanders of Note:
Luís Alves de Lima e Silva,
Viscount of Taunay, major in the Army
Marshal Manuel Luís Osório
Marshal Manuel Deodoro da Fonseca
General José Antônio Correia de Câmara (Visconde de Pelotas)
In General three groups of Officers are common:
oldest group had helped suppress the regional revolts of the 1830s and 1840s, had fought in Argentina in 1852, and had survived the Paraguayan War.
mid-level officers were better schooled than their seniors and had been tested in combat in Paraguay
junior officers had missed the war but had the most education of the three groups
Rank and File
---------
* some are court ranks some are military commissions and some are politcal
ranks of general and baron, subsequently becoming marshal, marquis, and aide-de-camp of the emperor.
Minister of War
Duke of Caxias
marechal-do-exército (Marshal of the Army)
commander in chief of Imperial forces,
marechal-do-exército — "Marshal of the Army", and resumed the senatorship
Lieutenant General and Marquis.
Exército do Sul (Army of the South)
senator,
Count. Pacifier of Brazil"
commander in chief of the Army (presidency of the province)
field commission as Marshal commander in chief of operational forces, and vice president of the state
Baron
Brigadier General,
general commander of the military,
Colonel,
Lieutenant Colonel,
Major
Lieutenant,
Military Institutions:
Academia Real Militar (Royal Military Academy)
Special Forces:
Imperial Guarda de Honra e o Batalhão do Imperador — an Imperial guard integrated by eighty military soldiers, considered to be the elite in athletic and tactical skills.
Imperial Chapel.
Emperor's Battalion
Brazilian National Guard 125,000 in the Volunteers or National Guard Battalions
composed of 61+ field batallions
The national guard has it's own cavalry regiments and infantry battalions
15,000 to 18,000 National Guard men served as logistic support troops
Brazilian Imperial Army around 25,000 in the regular army
first line of the army was constitued of 22 battalions
-----Brazilian Imperial Artillary
-----Brazilian Imperial Calvary five cavalry regiments
and some others in small police units
Brazilian Imperial Navy
The largest South American navy was Imperial Brazilian Navy. Some ships were bought in Britain and France and there was a navy yard at Rio de Janiero which built most of the ships. Although Brazil was not a major industrial nation, engines for some ships were built in Brazil.
Sailing Vessels
1 Frigate
5 Corvettes
2 Barques
5 Brigs
7 Brigantines
1 (Text missing in book)
4Schooners
2 Gun boats
27 Ships
Steamers
7 Screw
8 Paddle
15 Ships of 1770 NHP
In the Matto Grosso there were another 29 gun boats and there were 3 frigates, 4 corvettes and a steamer under construction. Based on that, it's possible to put names & figures to some of the ships of the Brazilian Navy in 1859. The armaments which include Whitworth guns are likely to be from the period of the Paraguayan war or after. The 68-pr guns listed are more likely to be 65cwt 8-inch shell guns than 95cwt solid shot guns.
Constituicao, frigate, launched 1826, 30 32-pr, 2 24-pr & 30 42-pr carronades, 1768t, 53m94 x 7m92
Amazonas, paddle frigate, launched 1851, 4 32-pr & 4 70-pr Whitworths, 1800t, 56m88 x 9m81, 350hp, 10kt
Belmonte, screw corvette, launched 1856, 4 32-pr, 2 68-pr & 1 70-pr Whitworth, 602t, 51m20 x 7m46, 120hp, ?kt
Beberibe, screw corvette, launched 1854, 6 32-pr & 1 68-pr, 559t, 52m42 x 7m62, 30hp, ?kt
Parnahyba, screw corvette, launched 1858, 602t, ? x ?, 1 70-pr Whitworth, 2 68-pr & 4 32-pr, 120hp, 12kt
Recife, paddle corvette, launched 1850, ?t, 50m59 x 7m01, 2 30-pr shell guns & 2 30-pr, 150hp, ?kt
Bahiana, corvette, launched 1849, 24 30-pr shell guns, ?t, 44m80 x 10m36
Berenice, corvette, bought 1847 from Argentina, 14 30-pr and 8 small, 362t, 35m96 x 9m75
Carioca, corvette, launched 1824, 18 guns, 818t, 37m49 x 10m05, foundered 13 April 1859 off Sao Paolo.
Dona Isabel, corvette, launched 1855, 20 30-pr shell guns, 617t, 130' x 33' (original says pes, presumably not the same as English feet)
Ipiranga, steam gun boat, launched 1854, ? guns, 350t, 39m04 x 5m52, 70hp, 9kt
Araguaia class (Araguaia, Ivahy, Araguary), screw gun boat, launched 1858, 2 32-pr & 8 68-pr, 400t, 44m20 x 7m40, 80hp, 9kt
Japura, steam gun boat, bought 1855, 1 30-pr shell gun & 6 32-pr, 323t, 36m57 x 7m31, 80hp, ?kt
Anhambai, steam gun boat, launched 1858, 2 guns, ?t, ? x ?, 40hp, ?kt
Mearim class (Mearim), steam gun boat, launched 1857, 4 32-pr & 2 68-pr, 415t, 45m72 x 7m01, 100hp, ?kt
Paraense, paddle steamer, launched 1851, ?t, 59m01 x 9m, 1 70-pr Whitworth, 3 68-pr & 2 9-pr Whitworth, 220hp, 8kt
Coastal Defence battleships
Barrozo 1864
Brasil Le Seyne 1864
Tamandare 1865
Lima Barros Laird 21st December 1865
Bahia Laird 6th October 1865
Silvado Arman Launched 1866
MARIZ E BARROS CLASS COAST DEFENCE BATTLESHIPS
Mariz E Barros Rennie 1866
Herval Rennie 1866
CABRAL CLASS COASTAL DEFENCE BATTLESHIPS
Cabral Rennie 1866
Colombo Rennie 1866
SETE DE SETEMBRO CLASS COASTAL DEFENCE BATTLESHIPS
Sete de Setembro Rio De Janeiro *in construction
JAVARY CLASS COASTAL DEFENCE BATTELSHIP
Javary Le Havre 1874 * in construction
Solimoes le Seyne 1874 *in construction
Nichtheroy (Wooden Corvette) Rio de Janeiro Dockyd 1862
Vital De Oliveira (Wooden Corvette) Rio de Janeiro Dockyd 1867
Trajano (Wooden Sloop) Rio de Janeiro Dockyd reconstructed as cruiser Tonelero
Trajano, * in construction
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S.4 ECONOMY
MAJOR EXPORTS:
RUBBER, COFFEE, SUGAR
ALSO: cotton, tobacco, cocoa, rubber, and maté
cattle herds
rubber boom in the Amazon region became the financial foundation for that remote region's cultural opening to artists from all over the world.
Rubber, which Indians had used for centuries, increased in value once Charles Goodyear (1800-1860) visited Brazil in 1840 and especially after he invented the vulcanization process that improved rubber's industrial applications.
COTTON nvited successful Confederate cotton planters to settle in Brazil. Between 1867 and 1871, major cotton producer 3000+ Confederate families passed through the port of Rio de Janeiro.
Meat-salting plants (saladeros ) in Rio Grande do Sul shipped sun-dried beef to the expanding coffee-growing region to feed its slaves and freed tenant farmers (colonos ). In addition to beef, Brazilians ate protein-rich beans, rice, and corn, much of which came from Minas Gerais or the immigrant colonies of Rio Grande do Sul. Interregional trade was budding, but for the most part local self-sufficiency was the norm. Indeed, more people produced food for the domestic market than labored on
TRANSPORT AND COMMUNICATION:
Brazil built its first stone-paved road, "União e Indústria" (Union and Industry), linking Rio de Janeiro, Petrópolis, and Juiz de Fora.
Brazil's first steam-engine locomotive started running from Santos to São Paulo in 1868, Railway Rio de Janeiro and into the Paraíba Valley, and later into the fertile highlands of São Paulo. In 1860 Brazil had only 223 km of railroads; by 1885 this total had increased to 6930 km. The main rail link between São (* geussing at around 2000km until a more accurate answer can be found for 1870) railroads to speed transport of the beans to the coast. The Santos-São Paulo Railroad (1868) was the first major breach of
the coastal escarpment, which had slowed development of the Southern plate
networks of mule trails that moved goods and people throughout the vast interior. Viewed as archaic by modern observers, the mule train trails nonetheless were important in Brazil's formation, tying the various regions together and spreading a common language and culture.
Paulo's eastern highlands and the ocean port of Santos allowed for a rapid expansion of coffee into the center and northwest of the state.
Brazil-Europe submarine cable was installed
first postal stamp.
telephone service began in 1877 *NOT QUITE YET
S.6
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S.7 FAMILY
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oth the house of Bragança Uncle and Nephew
Of course the monarchies do not appear absolutist, and there is a lot of internal contraversy.
some other Braganca's from Pedro I still alive
* Januária de Bragança, daughter of Peter I of Brazil and IV of Portugal and his wife Maria Leopoldina, Archduchess of Austria.
, Princess Imperial of Brazil (11 March 1822–13 March 1901). Married Luigi Prince of the Two Sicilies, Count di Aquila, son of Francis I of the Two Sicilies, and had issue.
She married Luigi, Count di Aquila and Prince of the Two Sicilies, son of Francis I of the Two Sicilies
she had 4 children
her surviving children
* Luigi (18 July 1845–27 November 1909).He married morganatically Maria Amelia Bellow-Hamel and had 2 children.
* Filippo (12 August 1847–9 July 1922).He also married morganatically Flora Boonen and had no children.
* Francisca de Bragança, Princess of Brazil (2 August 1824–27 March 1898).
Married Francis d'Orleans, Prince de Joinville, son of Louis-Philippe of France, and had issue. daughter, Marie-Francoise de Bourbon-Orleans de Joinville, married her first cousin Robert, Duke of Chartres, (soon to be with child)
" * Pedro II of Brazil (2 December 1825–5 December 1891) "
Pedro I's second wife, Amélie de Beauharnais von Leuchtenberg (31 July 1812–26 January 1873):classical education that served him well. During his long reign, Brazil experienced domestic peace, prosperity, and progress. For example, it was in these years that
Pedro II's daughter
Isabel, Princess Imperial of Brazil Isabel, Princess Imperial of Brazil (July 29, 1846–November 14, 1921), youngest daughter of King Francis I of the Two Sicilies
wife of Prince Gastão d' Orléans, Count of Eu (1842–1922) - Louis Philippe Marie Ferdinand Gaston, Prince d'Orleans, comte d'Eu, son of Louis Charles Philippe Raphael, duc de Nemours, a cadet prince of the house of Orleans. (she is set to have 3 sons)
(she took the role of vice regent in Brazil, on three occasions while pedro II travelled)
He had also nine illegitimate children, including five with his best-known lover Domitila, Marchioness of Santos, one with her sister, and one with a nun in Portugal.
Luís I, King of Portugal
Carlos I son of King Luís Filipe and Princess Maria Pia of Savoy daughter of Victor Emmanuel II, King of Italy.
the other son Infante Afonso, Duke of Porto (1865-1920)
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S.8 SOCIETY
The Amazonas Theater in Manaus, built in the belle époque style during the rubber boom period and with material imported from Europe, was the stage for numerous operas and plays.
Rio de Janeiro's Military Club (Clube Militar) a forum for open debate and criticism of government policies.
S.9 TERRITORIES
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Map of Brazil
North, Northeast, Center-West, Southeast and South
* North: Acre, Amapá, Amazonas, Pará, Rondônia, Roraima and Tocantins.
The North constitutes 45.27% of the surface of Brazil and it is simultaneously the region with the lowest number of
inhabitants. It is a fairly unindustrialized and undeveloped region, but it accommodates the largest rainforest of the world,
the Amazon, and many indigenous tribes.
Fortaleza the State capital of Ceará, located in northeastern Brazil.
* Northeast: Alagoas, Bahia, Ceará, Maranhão, ParaÃ*ba, Pernambuco, PiauÃ*, Rio Grande do Norte and Sergipe.
roots from the Portuguese colonial period, Afro-Brazilian culture and some Brazilian Indian influence. long periods of dry
climate. It is well-known for its beautiful coast.
tourism??
* Central-West: Goiás, Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul and Federal District.
BrasÃ*lia,
Pantanal, the world’s largest wetland area.
Belo Horizonte capital of Minas Gerais in Southeast region.
* Southeast: Rio de Janeiro, EspÃ*rito Santo, Minas Gerais and São Paulo
São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro,
the largest producer of oil and gas in Brazil.
Historical cities of Minas Gerais, the world famous beaches of Rio de Janeiro, and the EspÃ*rito Santo beautiful coast.
* South: Paraná, Santa Catarina and Rio Grande do Sul
occasional occurrences of frosts and snowstorms. European immigrants, mainly Germans and Italians,
***** paraguay is under occupation
highest peak is the Pico da Neblina at 2,994 metres (9,823 ft),
Guiana's highlands. Major rivers include the Amazon, the largest river in the world by volume, and often considered the
world's longest; the Paraná and its major tributary, the Iguaçu River, where the impressive Iguaçu falls are located; the
Rio Negro, São Francisco, Xingu, Madeira and the Tapajós rivers.
Iguaçu Falls
Brazil's climate is predominantly tropical, with little seasonal variation.
subtropical south is more temperate, it occasionally experiences frost and snow.
Precipitation is abundant in the humid Amazon Basin, but more arid landscapes are found as well, particularly in the
northeast.
A number of islands in the Atlantic Ocean are part of Brazil:
* Saint Peter and Paul Rocks
highest of the rocks, Southwest Rock, has an elevation of 22.5 m, are peaks of the largely submarine Mid-Atlantic Ridge rocks
are scattered across an area that measures 350 m North-South and 200 m East-West. The total land area is about 10,000 m². The
exact location is given as 00°55′08″N, 29°20′35″W.
The largest rocks are:
* Southwest Rock 3,000 m²
* Southeast Rock 1,500 m²
* Northwest Rocks 1,000 m²
* Northeast Rock 1,000 m²
largest of the islets, Southwest Rock, 80 m by 40 m is vegetated with mosses and grasses.
sea birds (Sula leucogaster, Anous stolidus, Anous minutus), crabs (Grapsus grapsus), insects and spiders.
* Rocas Atoll
* Fernando de Noronha
21 islands,e islands of Rata, Sela Gineta, Cabeluda and São Jose, together with the islets of Leão and Viúva make up the rest. maritime flora and fauna; one can spot sea tortoises, dolphins, albatrosses, among many others.
endemic birds — the Noronha Elaenia Elaenia ridleyana and the Noronha Vireo Vireo gracilirostris. Both are present on the main island; Noronha Vireo is also present on Ilha Rata. In addition there is an endemic race of Eared Dove Zenaida auriculata noronha.
, Vila dos Remédios, was founded. The village was divided in two units (pátios); in the superior one were the administrative
buildings, in the lower one the church and the associated religious buildings.
political and ordinary prisoners were sent to the local prison.
* Bananal Island
* Caviana
* Ilha dos Lobos
* Ilha Grande do Gurupá
* Ilha Grande
* Itamaracá
* Marajó
* Paquetá Island
* Ilha da Queimada Grande
* Santa Catarina (island)
* Trindade and Martim Vaz
* Tupinambarana
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RACIAL MAKE UPS
* white
* mixed race
* black
* asian
* amerindian
* unspecified
Mixed-race Brazilians include mulatto, caboclo (or mameluco) and cafuzo.
The mulattoes, those mixed white and black, Caboclos, mixed white and Amerindian,
Southeast (offsprings from bandeirantes and gauchos) and the cafuzos, those mixed black and Amerindian, are the less numerous
group,
Arab Brazilians Christian Lebanese or Syrian descent.
Japanese