Aequatio
26-09-2006, 00:52
Project: Main Battle Tank, Model 14 (MBT-14) - M20 "Mackall" Main Battle Tank
Image Gallery
http://img82.imageshack.us/img82/3986/ipm20comparisonht8.png
http://img101.imageshack.us/img101/6954/m20a103bfw6.png
http://i31.photobucket.com/albums/c381/crave22/CHARGINMAHLAZER/C20A2paintschemes.png
http://img443.imageshack.us/img443/5760/m20a24bq2.png
http://img120.imageshack.us/img120/5890/mbt35vs6.png
http://img297.imageshack.us/img297/711/m70ms0.png
http://img176.imageshack.us/img176/8301/m20a2a1m20a3compry5.png
http://img512.imageshack.us/img512/43/m21bn3.png
Active Service Organizations
1. Aequatio
- Aequatian Republic Army (M20A2 Standard)
- Aequatian Republic Army Reserve (M20A1 Standard)
- Aequatian Republic Army National Guard (M20A1 Standard)
- Aequatian Republic Marine Corps (M20A1 Standard)
- Aequatian Republic Marine Corps Reserve (M20A1 Standard)
2. Morvonia
- Morvonian Army as the T-7 Prostatis (EDPR, M20A2 Standard)
- Morvonian Marine Corps as the T-7 Prostatis (EDPR, M20A2 Standard)
3. Cravan
- Cravanian Imperial Army as CRV20A2V (EDPR, M20A2 Standard)
- Cravanian Imperial Marine Corps as CRV20A2V (EDPR, M20A2 Standard)
4. Neo-Erusea
- Neo-Erusean Reserve Guard (200x M20 Standard)
5. Ustia
- Ustian Army (EDPR, M20A1 Standard)
- Ustian Marine Forces (EDPR, M20A1 Standard)
6. Clandonia Prime
- Clandonia Prime Army (EDPR, M20 Standard)
7. Germantly
- (200x M20A1 Standard)
8. FreeAngola
- (1,500x M20A1 Standard; 4,000x M20A2 Standard)
9. Kohinland
- (500x M20A1 Standard)
10. Tolvan
- as M25 Hellhound II (EDRP, M20A2 Standard)
11. The Federal Union
- as M70 Grizzly (EDPR, M20A2 Standard)
12. Czechalrus
- as MBT-35A1 (EDPR, M20A2 Standard)
13. Calizorinstani
- 500x Calizorinstani Marine Expeditionary Corps as CBT-20 (M20 Standard)
- 500x Calizorinstani National Guard as CBT-20 (M20 Standard)
14. Alacea
- (4,000x M20A1 Standard)
15. The World Soviet Party
- (EDPR, M20A2 Standard)
Overview
The M55 Black Tiger main battle tank was designed originally as an interim solution after the failed M5 Gladiator II programme. While it boasts an excellent design, it is still not on par with vehicles currently in service with the armed forces of foreign armies. The MBT-14 Project was initiated to create a tank which will focus on the use of maneuverability and firepower to defeat enemy designs with armoured protection still being sufficiant to protect the tank against enemy tank gun rounds and anti-tank missiles.
The tank's namesake is that of Major-General Terry "Black Horse" Mackall, the youngest commanding officer of the Aequatian 1st Armoured "Rolling Thunder" Division. Magor-General Mackall started his commissioned career in the Aequatian Republic Army as a second lieutenant leading a tank platoon after being promoted in the field (from Sergeant First Class) after the former commanding officer was killed in action during the campaign in Iraqstan. His unit of M1A2 Abrams tanks were leading the division's elements as a spearhead until the end of the conflict and where he received the nickname "Black Horse" for his aggressive, high-speed charges into enemy positions. He later worked his way up the ranks commanding maneuver units within the 1st Armoured Division until he reached the rank of colonel and became the chief of staff of the division's commanding officer. After working as chief of staff for a few years, he was offered the post as the division's commanding officer with the promotion to Brigadier-General. He served as the division's commander until his retirement from the Army, finally rising to the rank of Major-General.
While the tank's components, weapons, systems and design was done within Aequatio, the utilization of information and expertise of foreign consultants was undertaken in the development of the M20 Mackall tank. Design consultants were hired from the nations of both The Macabees and Nianacio to aid in the design of a truly superior armoured fighting vehicle. Without their support of the project, the M20 tank would not be as an effective fighting machine, so the Aequatian Military Industries design team, the Armoured Corps of the Aequatian Republic Army and the Armoured Battalions of the Aequatian Republic Marine Corps would like to extend their appreciation to the foreign contractors that helped in the programme.
(OOC: Thanks again to Macabees and Nianacio for their help on the NS Draftroom boards in helping me along with the design. It may not be on par with the Nakil just yet, but watch your six, Mac, soon enough I'll be there to pass you!) : P
Development Requirememnts
The purpose of the MBT-14 Project is to create a main battle tank that is capable of extended operations in any terrain type and under contaminated environments affected by chemical, biological or radiological agents. The main focus of the vehicle will be the use of maneuver speed over rough terrain and the ability to eliminate enemy targets with a maximum of two hits from the main gun. Armoured protection will consist of specialised materials for increased protection against enemy kinetic-energy and shaped-charge munitions.
Main Armament
The main armament of the M20 Mackall is the 125mm PK3 (Panzerkannon, Model 3) Smoothbore Gun, which is a development of the original 125mm PK1 Smoothbore Gun, and is designed to increase lethality compared to its previous incarnations. The gun is mounted in a turret with primary electrical traverse with a secondary manual traverse (both operated by the gunner) should there be a failure in the power redundancy system.
The gun is 700 centimetres long (a length of 56 calibres) and provides the weapon with incredible accuracy and a maximum engagement range of almost 4,000 metres when stationary using kinetic-energy munitions such as the M824 APFSDS-T round. The gun is constructed with Electro-Slag Refining (ESR) Bisplate Steel which is lined with an inner coating of Chromium-Cobalt Alloy that protects against ware and warping from heat produced in multiple firings. The PK3 gun has a considerable barrel life of almost 1,000 rounds before damage begins to affect long-range accuracy. Vibration is kept to a minimum with the use of counterweight dampeners mounted in the gun's housing along with the M98A1 Gyrostabilization Unit which allows for great accuracy in firing while on the move.
The 125mm PK3 main gun uses three types of ammunition in its standard issue stowage, these include the M824 High-Explosive Anti-Tank, Multipurpose (HEAT-MP), M825 Armour-Peircing Fin-Stabilized Discarding Sabot with Tracer (APFSDS-T) and M860 Stand-off, Top-Attack, Fire-and-Forget (STAFF). There is also a special equipped round, the M350 Canister round for anti-personnel action. Although the round listed were designed specifically for the gun, the effectiveness of the PK3 gun's design allows for any 125mm rounds designed for a smoothbore gun to be accepted for use.
M824, 125mm High-Explosive Anti-Tank Multipurpose (HEAT-MP) uses a tandem-warhead with the secondary shaped-charge using a DU liner and achieving 1,000mm of RHAe penetration.
M825, 125mm Armour-Peircing Fin-Stabilized Discarding Sabot with Tracer (APFSDS-T) has a 1,840m/s velocity and an 8.75kg dU penetrator (35mm diameter, 980mm length) with Chromium coating and 9.5kg of Nitrochemie propellant. Generates 6,090 bars of chamber pressure and will penetrate about 1,030mm of RHAe.
The M860, 125mm Stand-off, Top-Attack, Fire-and-Forget (STAFF) has a Downward-facing LIDAR suite for detonation above target with a forward-angled 120mm shaped-charge warhead with a depleted Uranium liner. Penetration of 960mm of RHAe.
The M350 Anti-Personnel Canister round contains 1,000 12.7mm Tungsten Carbide pellets which are capable of defeating any personnel body armour systems.
Main Gun Sighting and Fire Control Systems
The gunner is provided with improved sights with the use of the Thermal Observation and Gunnery Sight, Mark VII (THOGS VII) which is integrated with the WillTell, Mark V Fire Control System and a Discrimination Carbon Dioxide Laser Rangefinder. The THOGS VII uses a stabilized 12x Power Day Sight with optional thermal viewer suite and with positive target identification up to ranges of 10,000m. The commander also has a view through this main sight on a separate display at his/her station. There is also a backup 8x Power Day sight which can be used by the gunner should the primary sight become damaged.
The commander, in addition to his/her main sight viewer, has a monitor connected to the Commander's Independent Thermal Viewer with an attached Carbon Dioxide Laser Rangefinder for the commander to designate targets for the gunner and can enter them into the WillTell, Mark V Fire Control System's memory so that the gunner can quickly engage them with the main gun by selecting them from a list of targets provided on the gunner's monitor.
The WillTell, Mark V All-Digital Fire Control System is an improved version of the long legacy of computerized systems used in Aequatian tanks. It uses twin 128-bit Processors with an Aequatian Electronics Industries AEQ-MIL-9028D Databus and is fully integrated with other systems, including the Advanced Battlefield Information Control System (ABICS), Air Density Meter (ADM), Wind Direction and Speed Monitoring System (WDSMS), Main Gun Wear and Distortion Meter (MGWDM) and Thermal Observation and Gunnery Sight, Mark VII (THOGS VII) with Carbon Dioxide Laser Rangefinder.
Secondary Armament
The power of the PK3 gun is impressive and hard to match, the vehicle still needs to be armed with small arms in order to defeat infantry and targets that would be wasteful on the main gun's ammunition to fire at. There is a coaxially-mounted 12.7mm M2C1 heavy machinegun that fires an APDS round which uses a Tungsten Carbide penetrator with an effective range of up to 2,000m. A second 12.7m M2C1 heavy machinegun firing the same rounds is mounted on a stabilized M110 Remote Weapons Station which is controlled from the commander's station inside the turret. The secondary "Bailout" hatch on the turret can also mount a cupola-mounted 8.5mm MG85 light machinegun, although it is not always equipped.
Armour Protection
The focus of the M20 Mackall is on maneuverability and firepower, however, armour protection has not been ignored as the vehicle outline requires that the vehicle be protected enough to survive against enemy munitions, failing that, it will protect the crew enough to provide them with the ability to escape their vehicle should it be disabled.
The armour suite used in the M20 Mackall will consist of a layered composite system which will provide protection against both kinetic-energy penetrators and shaped-charge warheads. the exterior layer of the vehicle uses the Aequatian-developed Helmet III Exterior Reactive Armour which decrease the effectiveness of enemy HEAT rounds including both traditional shaped-charge warheads and explosively-shaped penetrators. The outer plate covers a layer of high-explosive material which on attack by a penetrating weapon, the explosive detonates, forcibly driving the metal plates apart to damage the penetrator. Against a shaped charge, the projected plates disrupt the metallic jet penetrator, effectively providing a greater path-length of material to be penetrated. Against a long rod penetrator, the projected plates serve to deflect and break up the rod. Underneath the layer of high-explosive, there is a second layer consisting of two metal plates sandwiching an inert liner of Boron Nitride Composite. When struck by a shaped charge's metal jet (which has already been weakened by the outer explosive layer) or a secondary tandem warhead, some of the impact energy is dissipated into the inert liner layer, and the resulting high pressure causes a localized bending or bulging of the plates in the area of the impact. As the plates bulge, the point of jet impact shifts with the plate bulging, increasing the effective thickness of the armour. This is almost the same mechanism as the second mechanism that explosive reactive armour uses, but it uses energy from the shaped charge jet rather than an explosive.
The first (outer) layer consists of hexagonal plates of Boron Nitride Composite Mesh which is designed to greatly disrupt both kinetic-energy and explosively-formed penetrators due to its low solid density and highly-efficient ballistic heat conduction, respectively. It also possesses an extremely high tensile strength, which is up to sixty times stronger than Rolled Homogenous Steel Armour. This layer is designed to provide the sloped armour of the tank protection from damage when struck by kinetic-energy penetrator (KEP) munitions and to ensure that the underlying composite layers are not comprimised.
The second layer consists of three levels of Tungsten Carbide-Cobalt alloy rods positioned in a hexagonal matrix which provides protection against kinetic-energy penetrator (KEP) munitions by disrupting their path through the armour, greatly reducing its penetration power. Behind this matrix is Boron Carbide Ceramic Composite encased in Iron-Cobalt-Nickel alloy reinforced with Carbon, Chromium and Molybdenum which provides increased resistance to both KEP and HEAT rounds.
The first of the inner protective layers consist of a Boron/High-Strength Polyethylene Synthetic Fibre Layer which protects interior personnel and vehicle systems from radiation and electromagnetic (EM) threats with a shielding rating up to 16 kRads of particle and electromagnetic radiation. It also provdes an Anti-Spall Protective Layer for interior crew and systems protection should a round be successful in penetrating the outer armoured layers.
1st Layer - C4 explosive layer sandwiched between Rolled Homogenous Steel plates with a second, sandwiched layer of Hardened Glycidyl Azide Polymer (GAP) underneath HE layer.
2nd Layer - Tungsten Carbide-Cobalt alloy rods with a Boron Carbide coating buried within a layer of Boron Carbide Composite, encased within Iron-Cobalt-Nickel alloy reinforced with Carbon, Chromium and Molybdenum.
3rd Layer - Boron/High-Strength Polyethylene Synthetic Fibre Layer for particle radiation and spall protection, respectively.
Engine and Transmission
The Aequatian Republic Army and Marine Corps have long relied on Quasiturbine engines for their respective armoured fighting vehicles, however, the use of the engine has proved to no longer be cost-effective, especially when it concerns maintainance of the vehicle. Ironically, the Quasiturbine design was adopted to reduce costs in maintainance. It was decided to return to the traditional use of reciprocating biodiesel engines with an improved model of the engine used in the Predator II Main Battle Tank, Mark V.
The 61-Litre AEQ-V24-UF Engine is a V-12 engine and has perfect primary and secondary balance and therefore needs no balance shafts. The engine, with two banks of six cylinders angled at 60° from each other, has even firing with power pulses delivered twice as often per revolution as, and is smoother than a more traditional engine because there is always positive net torque output. The engine is liquid-cooled and is fuel-injected with a 4-stroke internal combustion system. It develops almost 2,400 horsepower (1,790 kiloWatts) at 2,600 revolutions per minute and provides the vehicle with an impressive cross-country speed used in conjuction with its relatively low ground pressure.
There is also the current testing of an auxiliary power unit which would be used to power the tank when it is on silent watch mode or if the tank is later outfitted with an electrothermal chemical (ETC) main gun to replace the 125mm PK3 gun.
Armour
Armour Protection (Actual Thickness minus Helmet III ERA)
Hull - Glacis: 480mm
Hull - Lower Front: 420mm
Hull - Side: 390mm
Hull - Rear: 260mm
Turret - Front: 390mm
Turret - Front Angle: 330mm
Turret - Side: 230mm
Turret - Rear: 150mm
Turret - Roof: 80mm
Turret - Gun Mantlet: 510mm
Armour Protection (RHAe versus Kinetic Energy)
Hull - Glacis: 1,060mm
Hull - Lower Front: 930mm
Hull - Side: 860mm
Hull - Rear: 570mm
Turret - Front: 860mm
Turret - Front Angle: 730mm
Turret - Side: 510mm
Turret - Rear: 330mm
Turret - Roof: 180mm
Turret - Gun Mantlet: 1,130mm
Armour Protection (RHAe versus Chemical Energy)
Hull - Glacis: 1,380mm
Hull - Lower Front: 1,210mm
Hull - Side: 1,120mm
Hull - Rear: 740mm
Turret - Front: 1,120mm
Turret - Front Angle: 950mm
Turret - Side: 660mm
Turret - Rear: 430mm
Turret - Roof: 230mm
Turret - Gun Mantlet: 1,470mm
Armour Protection (RHAe versus Kinetic Energy with ERA)
Hull - Glacis: 1,260mm
Hull - Lower Front: 1,130mm
Hull - Side: 1,060mm
Hull - Rear: 770mm
Turret - Front: 1,060mm
Turret - Front Angle: 930mm
Turret - Side: 710mm
Turret - Rear: 530mm
Turret - Roof: 380mm
Turret - Gun Mantlet: 1,330mm
Armour Protection (RHAe versus Chemical Energy with ERA)
Hull - Glacis: 1,680mm
Hull - Lower Front: 1,510mm
Hull - Side: 1,420mm
Hull - Rear: 1,040mm
Turret - Front: 1,420mm
Turret - Front Angle: 1,250mm
Turret - Side: 960mm
Turret - Rear: 730mm
Turret - Roof: 530mm
Turret - Gun Mantlet: 1,770mm
Specifications - M20 Mackall Main Battle Tank
Crew: 4 (Vehicle Commander, Driver, Gunner, Assistant)
Combat Weight: 66,500kg
Ground Pressure: 519kg/m²
Power-to-Weight Ratio: 36.1hp/tonne
Hull Length: 8.35m
Overall Length: 12.05m
Width: 3.60m
Height to Turret Roof: 3.05m
RBC Protection System: Aequatian Military Industries (Special Warfare Division) AEQ-OPS-M1 Compact Overpressure System working on up to 4 mbar overpressure.
Engine: Aequatian Automotive Industries (Propulsion Division) AEQ-V24-UF Liquid-cooled, V-12 cylinder, 61.0-Litre, 4-stroke exhaust, turbo-charged universal fuel (Primary: Biodiesel) engine, developing 2,400hp (1,790 kW) @ 2,600 rpm
Powerplant: Aequatian Automotive Industries (Propulsion Division) AEQ-APU-M1 Liquid-Cooled Biodiesel Auxiliary Power Unit generating 150kJ for Vehicle Subsystems (Currently Testing)
Transmission: Aequatian Automotive Industries (Components Division) AEQ-HT-M900 Hydro-kinetic with 5 forward and 2 reverse gears.
Fuel Capacity: 500 gal. (1,890 Litres)
Fuel Consumption (Road): 1 Mpg (0.425 kilometers per litre)
Fuel Consumption (Cross Country): 0.35 Mpg (0.149 kilometers per litre)
Operational Range(Average): 390km
Maximum Speed (Road): 68km/h
Maximum Speed (Cross Country): 51km/h
Maximum Speed (Reverse, 2nd Gear): 28km/h
Fording Depth: 1.25m
Deep Water Depth: 2.75m
Underwater Drive: 4.5m
Slope: 60° Gradient, 35° Side Slope
Obstacle: 1.35m Vertical; 4.0m Trench
Main Gun:
[M20, IPM20] Aequatian Military Industries (Gun Division) 125mm/56-calibre PK3 Smoothbore Gun with M98A1 Gyrostabilization Unit
[M20A1, M20A2] Aequatian Military Industries (Gun Division) 125mm/55-calibre PK3A1 Smoothbore Gun with M98A1 Gyrostabilization Unit
Main Gun Ammunition Types:
- M824 Armour-Peircing Fin-Stabilized Discarding Sabot with Tracer (APFSDS-T)
- M825 High-Explosive Anti-Tank, Mutipurpose (HEAT-MP)
- M860 Stand-off, Top-Attack, Fire-and-Forget (STAFF)
- M350 Anti-Personnel Canister*
Stowed Main Gun Ammunition: 44 Rounds (Standard Load: 20 M824 APFSDS-T; 12 M825 HEAT-MP; 12 M860 STAFF)
Gun Depression/Elevation Range: -10°/+24°
Secondary Armament:
[M20, IPM20]
One Coaxial-mounted 12.7mm MG2C1 Heavy Machinegun with 1,000 Rounds
One Remote-mounted 12.7mm MG2C1 Heavy Machinegun with 500 Rounds
One Cupola-mounted 8.5mm MG85 Light Machinegun with 500 Rounds
[M20A1]
One Coaxial-mounted 12.7mm MG2C1 Heavy Machinegun with 1,000 Rounds
One Remote-mounted 20mm MG96C Heavy Machinegun with 500 Rounds
One Cupola-mounted 8.5mm MG68E1 Light Machinegun with 500 Rounds
[M20A2]
One Coaxial-mounted 20mm MG96D Heavy Machinegun with 800 Rounds
One Remote-mounted 20mm MG96C Heavy Machinegun with 500 Rounds
One Cupola-mounted 8.5mm MG68E1 Light Machinegun with 500 Rounds
Smoke Dischargers: 4x twin 81mm Multiple Smoke Grenade Launchers
Fire Control Systems: Aequatian Digital Enterprises WillTell Mark V Fire Contol Suite integrated with Advanced Battlefield Information Control System (ABICS), Air Density Meter (ADM), Wind Direction and Speed Monitoring System (WDSMS), Main Gun Wear and Distortion Meter (MGWDM) and Thermal Observation and Gunnery Sight, Mark VII (THOGS VII) with Carbon Dioxide Laser Rangefinder.
*Special Purpose Loads
Unit Replacement Cost: 7,827,500 Aequatian Markes
Exclusive Domestic Production Rights: Determined in nation-by-nation fashion.
Image Gallery
http://img82.imageshack.us/img82/3986/ipm20comparisonht8.png
http://img101.imageshack.us/img101/6954/m20a103bfw6.png
http://i31.photobucket.com/albums/c381/crave22/CHARGINMAHLAZER/C20A2paintschemes.png
http://img443.imageshack.us/img443/5760/m20a24bq2.png
http://img120.imageshack.us/img120/5890/mbt35vs6.png
http://img297.imageshack.us/img297/711/m70ms0.png
http://img176.imageshack.us/img176/8301/m20a2a1m20a3compry5.png
http://img512.imageshack.us/img512/43/m21bn3.png
Active Service Organizations
1. Aequatio
- Aequatian Republic Army (M20A2 Standard)
- Aequatian Republic Army Reserve (M20A1 Standard)
- Aequatian Republic Army National Guard (M20A1 Standard)
- Aequatian Republic Marine Corps (M20A1 Standard)
- Aequatian Republic Marine Corps Reserve (M20A1 Standard)
2. Morvonia
- Morvonian Army as the T-7 Prostatis (EDPR, M20A2 Standard)
- Morvonian Marine Corps as the T-7 Prostatis (EDPR, M20A2 Standard)
3. Cravan
- Cravanian Imperial Army as CRV20A2V (EDPR, M20A2 Standard)
- Cravanian Imperial Marine Corps as CRV20A2V (EDPR, M20A2 Standard)
4. Neo-Erusea
- Neo-Erusean Reserve Guard (200x M20 Standard)
5. Ustia
- Ustian Army (EDPR, M20A1 Standard)
- Ustian Marine Forces (EDPR, M20A1 Standard)
6. Clandonia Prime
- Clandonia Prime Army (EDPR, M20 Standard)
7. Germantly
- (200x M20A1 Standard)
8. FreeAngola
- (1,500x M20A1 Standard; 4,000x M20A2 Standard)
9. Kohinland
- (500x M20A1 Standard)
10. Tolvan
- as M25 Hellhound II (EDRP, M20A2 Standard)
11. The Federal Union
- as M70 Grizzly (EDPR, M20A2 Standard)
12. Czechalrus
- as MBT-35A1 (EDPR, M20A2 Standard)
13. Calizorinstani
- 500x Calizorinstani Marine Expeditionary Corps as CBT-20 (M20 Standard)
- 500x Calizorinstani National Guard as CBT-20 (M20 Standard)
14. Alacea
- (4,000x M20A1 Standard)
15. The World Soviet Party
- (EDPR, M20A2 Standard)
Overview
The M55 Black Tiger main battle tank was designed originally as an interim solution after the failed M5 Gladiator II programme. While it boasts an excellent design, it is still not on par with vehicles currently in service with the armed forces of foreign armies. The MBT-14 Project was initiated to create a tank which will focus on the use of maneuverability and firepower to defeat enemy designs with armoured protection still being sufficiant to protect the tank against enemy tank gun rounds and anti-tank missiles.
The tank's namesake is that of Major-General Terry "Black Horse" Mackall, the youngest commanding officer of the Aequatian 1st Armoured "Rolling Thunder" Division. Magor-General Mackall started his commissioned career in the Aequatian Republic Army as a second lieutenant leading a tank platoon after being promoted in the field (from Sergeant First Class) after the former commanding officer was killed in action during the campaign in Iraqstan. His unit of M1A2 Abrams tanks were leading the division's elements as a spearhead until the end of the conflict and where he received the nickname "Black Horse" for his aggressive, high-speed charges into enemy positions. He later worked his way up the ranks commanding maneuver units within the 1st Armoured Division until he reached the rank of colonel and became the chief of staff of the division's commanding officer. After working as chief of staff for a few years, he was offered the post as the division's commanding officer with the promotion to Brigadier-General. He served as the division's commander until his retirement from the Army, finally rising to the rank of Major-General.
While the tank's components, weapons, systems and design was done within Aequatio, the utilization of information and expertise of foreign consultants was undertaken in the development of the M20 Mackall tank. Design consultants were hired from the nations of both The Macabees and Nianacio to aid in the design of a truly superior armoured fighting vehicle. Without their support of the project, the M20 tank would not be as an effective fighting machine, so the Aequatian Military Industries design team, the Armoured Corps of the Aequatian Republic Army and the Armoured Battalions of the Aequatian Republic Marine Corps would like to extend their appreciation to the foreign contractors that helped in the programme.
(OOC: Thanks again to Macabees and Nianacio for their help on the NS Draftroom boards in helping me along with the design. It may not be on par with the Nakil just yet, but watch your six, Mac, soon enough I'll be there to pass you!) : P
Development Requirememnts
The purpose of the MBT-14 Project is to create a main battle tank that is capable of extended operations in any terrain type and under contaminated environments affected by chemical, biological or radiological agents. The main focus of the vehicle will be the use of maneuver speed over rough terrain and the ability to eliminate enemy targets with a maximum of two hits from the main gun. Armoured protection will consist of specialised materials for increased protection against enemy kinetic-energy and shaped-charge munitions.
Main Armament
The main armament of the M20 Mackall is the 125mm PK3 (Panzerkannon, Model 3) Smoothbore Gun, which is a development of the original 125mm PK1 Smoothbore Gun, and is designed to increase lethality compared to its previous incarnations. The gun is mounted in a turret with primary electrical traverse with a secondary manual traverse (both operated by the gunner) should there be a failure in the power redundancy system.
The gun is 700 centimetres long (a length of 56 calibres) and provides the weapon with incredible accuracy and a maximum engagement range of almost 4,000 metres when stationary using kinetic-energy munitions such as the M824 APFSDS-T round. The gun is constructed with Electro-Slag Refining (ESR) Bisplate Steel which is lined with an inner coating of Chromium-Cobalt Alloy that protects against ware and warping from heat produced in multiple firings. The PK3 gun has a considerable barrel life of almost 1,000 rounds before damage begins to affect long-range accuracy. Vibration is kept to a minimum with the use of counterweight dampeners mounted in the gun's housing along with the M98A1 Gyrostabilization Unit which allows for great accuracy in firing while on the move.
The 125mm PK3 main gun uses three types of ammunition in its standard issue stowage, these include the M824 High-Explosive Anti-Tank, Multipurpose (HEAT-MP), M825 Armour-Peircing Fin-Stabilized Discarding Sabot with Tracer (APFSDS-T) and M860 Stand-off, Top-Attack, Fire-and-Forget (STAFF). There is also a special equipped round, the M350 Canister round for anti-personnel action. Although the round listed were designed specifically for the gun, the effectiveness of the PK3 gun's design allows for any 125mm rounds designed for a smoothbore gun to be accepted for use.
M824, 125mm High-Explosive Anti-Tank Multipurpose (HEAT-MP) uses a tandem-warhead with the secondary shaped-charge using a DU liner and achieving 1,000mm of RHAe penetration.
M825, 125mm Armour-Peircing Fin-Stabilized Discarding Sabot with Tracer (APFSDS-T) has a 1,840m/s velocity and an 8.75kg dU penetrator (35mm diameter, 980mm length) with Chromium coating and 9.5kg of Nitrochemie propellant. Generates 6,090 bars of chamber pressure and will penetrate about 1,030mm of RHAe.
The M860, 125mm Stand-off, Top-Attack, Fire-and-Forget (STAFF) has a Downward-facing LIDAR suite for detonation above target with a forward-angled 120mm shaped-charge warhead with a depleted Uranium liner. Penetration of 960mm of RHAe.
The M350 Anti-Personnel Canister round contains 1,000 12.7mm Tungsten Carbide pellets which are capable of defeating any personnel body armour systems.
Main Gun Sighting and Fire Control Systems
The gunner is provided with improved sights with the use of the Thermal Observation and Gunnery Sight, Mark VII (THOGS VII) which is integrated with the WillTell, Mark V Fire Control System and a Discrimination Carbon Dioxide Laser Rangefinder. The THOGS VII uses a stabilized 12x Power Day Sight with optional thermal viewer suite and with positive target identification up to ranges of 10,000m. The commander also has a view through this main sight on a separate display at his/her station. There is also a backup 8x Power Day sight which can be used by the gunner should the primary sight become damaged.
The commander, in addition to his/her main sight viewer, has a monitor connected to the Commander's Independent Thermal Viewer with an attached Carbon Dioxide Laser Rangefinder for the commander to designate targets for the gunner and can enter them into the WillTell, Mark V Fire Control System's memory so that the gunner can quickly engage them with the main gun by selecting them from a list of targets provided on the gunner's monitor.
The WillTell, Mark V All-Digital Fire Control System is an improved version of the long legacy of computerized systems used in Aequatian tanks. It uses twin 128-bit Processors with an Aequatian Electronics Industries AEQ-MIL-9028D Databus and is fully integrated with other systems, including the Advanced Battlefield Information Control System (ABICS), Air Density Meter (ADM), Wind Direction and Speed Monitoring System (WDSMS), Main Gun Wear and Distortion Meter (MGWDM) and Thermal Observation and Gunnery Sight, Mark VII (THOGS VII) with Carbon Dioxide Laser Rangefinder.
Secondary Armament
The power of the PK3 gun is impressive and hard to match, the vehicle still needs to be armed with small arms in order to defeat infantry and targets that would be wasteful on the main gun's ammunition to fire at. There is a coaxially-mounted 12.7mm M2C1 heavy machinegun that fires an APDS round which uses a Tungsten Carbide penetrator with an effective range of up to 2,000m. A second 12.7m M2C1 heavy machinegun firing the same rounds is mounted on a stabilized M110 Remote Weapons Station which is controlled from the commander's station inside the turret. The secondary "Bailout" hatch on the turret can also mount a cupola-mounted 8.5mm MG85 light machinegun, although it is not always equipped.
Armour Protection
The focus of the M20 Mackall is on maneuverability and firepower, however, armour protection has not been ignored as the vehicle outline requires that the vehicle be protected enough to survive against enemy munitions, failing that, it will protect the crew enough to provide them with the ability to escape their vehicle should it be disabled.
The armour suite used in the M20 Mackall will consist of a layered composite system which will provide protection against both kinetic-energy penetrators and shaped-charge warheads. the exterior layer of the vehicle uses the Aequatian-developed Helmet III Exterior Reactive Armour which decrease the effectiveness of enemy HEAT rounds including both traditional shaped-charge warheads and explosively-shaped penetrators. The outer plate covers a layer of high-explosive material which on attack by a penetrating weapon, the explosive detonates, forcibly driving the metal plates apart to damage the penetrator. Against a shaped charge, the projected plates disrupt the metallic jet penetrator, effectively providing a greater path-length of material to be penetrated. Against a long rod penetrator, the projected plates serve to deflect and break up the rod. Underneath the layer of high-explosive, there is a second layer consisting of two metal plates sandwiching an inert liner of Boron Nitride Composite. When struck by a shaped charge's metal jet (which has already been weakened by the outer explosive layer) or a secondary tandem warhead, some of the impact energy is dissipated into the inert liner layer, and the resulting high pressure causes a localized bending or bulging of the plates in the area of the impact. As the plates bulge, the point of jet impact shifts with the plate bulging, increasing the effective thickness of the armour. This is almost the same mechanism as the second mechanism that explosive reactive armour uses, but it uses energy from the shaped charge jet rather than an explosive.
The first (outer) layer consists of hexagonal plates of Boron Nitride Composite Mesh which is designed to greatly disrupt both kinetic-energy and explosively-formed penetrators due to its low solid density and highly-efficient ballistic heat conduction, respectively. It also possesses an extremely high tensile strength, which is up to sixty times stronger than Rolled Homogenous Steel Armour. This layer is designed to provide the sloped armour of the tank protection from damage when struck by kinetic-energy penetrator (KEP) munitions and to ensure that the underlying composite layers are not comprimised.
The second layer consists of three levels of Tungsten Carbide-Cobalt alloy rods positioned in a hexagonal matrix which provides protection against kinetic-energy penetrator (KEP) munitions by disrupting their path through the armour, greatly reducing its penetration power. Behind this matrix is Boron Carbide Ceramic Composite encased in Iron-Cobalt-Nickel alloy reinforced with Carbon, Chromium and Molybdenum which provides increased resistance to both KEP and HEAT rounds.
The first of the inner protective layers consist of a Boron/High-Strength Polyethylene Synthetic Fibre Layer which protects interior personnel and vehicle systems from radiation and electromagnetic (EM) threats with a shielding rating up to 16 kRads of particle and electromagnetic radiation. It also provdes an Anti-Spall Protective Layer for interior crew and systems protection should a round be successful in penetrating the outer armoured layers.
1st Layer - C4 explosive layer sandwiched between Rolled Homogenous Steel plates with a second, sandwiched layer of Hardened Glycidyl Azide Polymer (GAP) underneath HE layer.
2nd Layer - Tungsten Carbide-Cobalt alloy rods with a Boron Carbide coating buried within a layer of Boron Carbide Composite, encased within Iron-Cobalt-Nickel alloy reinforced with Carbon, Chromium and Molybdenum.
3rd Layer - Boron/High-Strength Polyethylene Synthetic Fibre Layer for particle radiation and spall protection, respectively.
Engine and Transmission
The Aequatian Republic Army and Marine Corps have long relied on Quasiturbine engines for their respective armoured fighting vehicles, however, the use of the engine has proved to no longer be cost-effective, especially when it concerns maintainance of the vehicle. Ironically, the Quasiturbine design was adopted to reduce costs in maintainance. It was decided to return to the traditional use of reciprocating biodiesel engines with an improved model of the engine used in the Predator II Main Battle Tank, Mark V.
The 61-Litre AEQ-V24-UF Engine is a V-12 engine and has perfect primary and secondary balance and therefore needs no balance shafts. The engine, with two banks of six cylinders angled at 60° from each other, has even firing with power pulses delivered twice as often per revolution as, and is smoother than a more traditional engine because there is always positive net torque output. The engine is liquid-cooled and is fuel-injected with a 4-stroke internal combustion system. It develops almost 2,400 horsepower (1,790 kiloWatts) at 2,600 revolutions per minute and provides the vehicle with an impressive cross-country speed used in conjuction with its relatively low ground pressure.
There is also the current testing of an auxiliary power unit which would be used to power the tank when it is on silent watch mode or if the tank is later outfitted with an electrothermal chemical (ETC) main gun to replace the 125mm PK3 gun.
Armour
Armour Protection (Actual Thickness minus Helmet III ERA)
Hull - Glacis: 480mm
Hull - Lower Front: 420mm
Hull - Side: 390mm
Hull - Rear: 260mm
Turret - Front: 390mm
Turret - Front Angle: 330mm
Turret - Side: 230mm
Turret - Rear: 150mm
Turret - Roof: 80mm
Turret - Gun Mantlet: 510mm
Armour Protection (RHAe versus Kinetic Energy)
Hull - Glacis: 1,060mm
Hull - Lower Front: 930mm
Hull - Side: 860mm
Hull - Rear: 570mm
Turret - Front: 860mm
Turret - Front Angle: 730mm
Turret - Side: 510mm
Turret - Rear: 330mm
Turret - Roof: 180mm
Turret - Gun Mantlet: 1,130mm
Armour Protection (RHAe versus Chemical Energy)
Hull - Glacis: 1,380mm
Hull - Lower Front: 1,210mm
Hull - Side: 1,120mm
Hull - Rear: 740mm
Turret - Front: 1,120mm
Turret - Front Angle: 950mm
Turret - Side: 660mm
Turret - Rear: 430mm
Turret - Roof: 230mm
Turret - Gun Mantlet: 1,470mm
Armour Protection (RHAe versus Kinetic Energy with ERA)
Hull - Glacis: 1,260mm
Hull - Lower Front: 1,130mm
Hull - Side: 1,060mm
Hull - Rear: 770mm
Turret - Front: 1,060mm
Turret - Front Angle: 930mm
Turret - Side: 710mm
Turret - Rear: 530mm
Turret - Roof: 380mm
Turret - Gun Mantlet: 1,330mm
Armour Protection (RHAe versus Chemical Energy with ERA)
Hull - Glacis: 1,680mm
Hull - Lower Front: 1,510mm
Hull - Side: 1,420mm
Hull - Rear: 1,040mm
Turret - Front: 1,420mm
Turret - Front Angle: 1,250mm
Turret - Side: 960mm
Turret - Rear: 730mm
Turret - Roof: 530mm
Turret - Gun Mantlet: 1,770mm
Specifications - M20 Mackall Main Battle Tank
Crew: 4 (Vehicle Commander, Driver, Gunner, Assistant)
Combat Weight: 66,500kg
Ground Pressure: 519kg/m²
Power-to-Weight Ratio: 36.1hp/tonne
Hull Length: 8.35m
Overall Length: 12.05m
Width: 3.60m
Height to Turret Roof: 3.05m
RBC Protection System: Aequatian Military Industries (Special Warfare Division) AEQ-OPS-M1 Compact Overpressure System working on up to 4 mbar overpressure.
Engine: Aequatian Automotive Industries (Propulsion Division) AEQ-V24-UF Liquid-cooled, V-12 cylinder, 61.0-Litre, 4-stroke exhaust, turbo-charged universal fuel (Primary: Biodiesel) engine, developing 2,400hp (1,790 kW) @ 2,600 rpm
Powerplant: Aequatian Automotive Industries (Propulsion Division) AEQ-APU-M1 Liquid-Cooled Biodiesel Auxiliary Power Unit generating 150kJ for Vehicle Subsystems (Currently Testing)
Transmission: Aequatian Automotive Industries (Components Division) AEQ-HT-M900 Hydro-kinetic with 5 forward and 2 reverse gears.
Fuel Capacity: 500 gal. (1,890 Litres)
Fuel Consumption (Road): 1 Mpg (0.425 kilometers per litre)
Fuel Consumption (Cross Country): 0.35 Mpg (0.149 kilometers per litre)
Operational Range(Average): 390km
Maximum Speed (Road): 68km/h
Maximum Speed (Cross Country): 51km/h
Maximum Speed (Reverse, 2nd Gear): 28km/h
Fording Depth: 1.25m
Deep Water Depth: 2.75m
Underwater Drive: 4.5m
Slope: 60° Gradient, 35° Side Slope
Obstacle: 1.35m Vertical; 4.0m Trench
Main Gun:
[M20, IPM20] Aequatian Military Industries (Gun Division) 125mm/56-calibre PK3 Smoothbore Gun with M98A1 Gyrostabilization Unit
[M20A1, M20A2] Aequatian Military Industries (Gun Division) 125mm/55-calibre PK3A1 Smoothbore Gun with M98A1 Gyrostabilization Unit
Main Gun Ammunition Types:
- M824 Armour-Peircing Fin-Stabilized Discarding Sabot with Tracer (APFSDS-T)
- M825 High-Explosive Anti-Tank, Mutipurpose (HEAT-MP)
- M860 Stand-off, Top-Attack, Fire-and-Forget (STAFF)
- M350 Anti-Personnel Canister*
Stowed Main Gun Ammunition: 44 Rounds (Standard Load: 20 M824 APFSDS-T; 12 M825 HEAT-MP; 12 M860 STAFF)
Gun Depression/Elevation Range: -10°/+24°
Secondary Armament:
[M20, IPM20]
One Coaxial-mounted 12.7mm MG2C1 Heavy Machinegun with 1,000 Rounds
One Remote-mounted 12.7mm MG2C1 Heavy Machinegun with 500 Rounds
One Cupola-mounted 8.5mm MG85 Light Machinegun with 500 Rounds
[M20A1]
One Coaxial-mounted 12.7mm MG2C1 Heavy Machinegun with 1,000 Rounds
One Remote-mounted 20mm MG96C Heavy Machinegun with 500 Rounds
One Cupola-mounted 8.5mm MG68E1 Light Machinegun with 500 Rounds
[M20A2]
One Coaxial-mounted 20mm MG96D Heavy Machinegun with 800 Rounds
One Remote-mounted 20mm MG96C Heavy Machinegun with 500 Rounds
One Cupola-mounted 8.5mm MG68E1 Light Machinegun with 500 Rounds
Smoke Dischargers: 4x twin 81mm Multiple Smoke Grenade Launchers
Fire Control Systems: Aequatian Digital Enterprises WillTell Mark V Fire Contol Suite integrated with Advanced Battlefield Information Control System (ABICS), Air Density Meter (ADM), Wind Direction and Speed Monitoring System (WDSMS), Main Gun Wear and Distortion Meter (MGWDM) and Thermal Observation and Gunnery Sight, Mark VII (THOGS VII) with Carbon Dioxide Laser Rangefinder.
*Special Purpose Loads
Unit Replacement Cost: 7,827,500 Aequatian Markes
Exclusive Domestic Production Rights: Determined in nation-by-nation fashion.