NationStates Jolt Archive

This is for events that occur either historically or because of events that occur over the course of the game. This includes natural disasters, wars, major treaties etc. This is not for OOC posts.

See main thread for that
http://forums.jolt.co.uk/showthread.php?t=497568

Each Monday the year will be posted along with events currently underway. As it would be too predictable for players to be able to look up when they are going to have a major earthquake or the like, instead a roll will occur each year within a ten year period of time that the event is supposed to occur.

so for example, the 1992 Hurricane Andrew will occur sometime between 1986-1996 (which ends up inflicting serious damage to Florida and Louisiana). Same with major events like the Spanish Influenza outbreak.

1906 (see directly below)
1907 http://forums.jolt.co.uk/showpost.php?p=11668320&postcount=27

1906
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1906

Major Disasters:
Mount Vesuvius erupts and damages Naples (1 production center requiring repair)
San Francisco Earthquake (1 production center requiring repair)
Hong Kong Typhoon damages city (cannot be used as a naval base after September until next year)
Earthquake Chile (1 resource not available this year)
http://www.rms.com/Catastrophe/Models/Chile.asp

Major discussions
2nd Geneva Convention
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Geneva_Convention

other major events
August 23 - Unable to control a rebellion in the newly-formed Cuban republic, Pres. Tomás Estrada Palma requests U.S. intervention. American marines are brought in and order is restored under US occupation.

France, Germany and Spain conquer Morocco, creating French, German and Spanish Morocco.
Bulgaria and Albania (which includes Kosovo and Macedonia) gain their independence from the Ottoman Empire.

Greece gains territory from the Turks as well.

The King and Queen of Spain are murdered by an anarchist.

Persia undergoes continued internal turmoil (non violent so far)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persian_Constitutional_Revolution

Tech level advances
USA, Germany, UK reached tech level 5 in 1905
Argentina, Brazil, Serbia reach tech level 4 in 1906

January/February, 1906

Paul Doumer (http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/24/Paul_Doumer.jpg), the candidate of the French Colonial Lobby, is elected President of the French Republic.

The French government/Parliament allocates funding for the expansion of the Algerian education system, aimed at producing a greater number of évolués (well-educated, gallicized Muslims) across all classes, the improvement of the Algerian transpiration network, and the construction of additional railway lines.

In accordance with the 1905 law establishing a separation between Church and State, the Ministry of Overseas France announces it is dropping all religion requirements from the French Citizenship tests given to all non-European inhabitants of the Colonies who wish to become French Citizens.

The French Parliament ratifies the Algeciras Treaty.

March 1906
French Parliament Declares Morocco to be in Anarchy and Announces Intent to Intervene under Algeciras Treaty

The Government of Morocco, through its refusal to sign The Algeciras Treaty, its continued inability to repay its substantial debts, its raising of illegal bandit militias, and attacks upon European citizens has proven itself to be controlled by lawless brigands incapable of maintaining order among its own people and unwilling or unable to protect the lives and property of Europeans.

Therefore, under Section III, parts A and B, of the internationally recognized Algeciras Treaty (ooc: recognized by every European State) the French Republic hereby declares its intent to assume direct control of the Moroccan constabulary, restore order, disarm all bandits, and protect the Moroccan people and all Foreign Nationals from further violence.

[signed]

Paul Doumer, President of the Republic

Maurice Rouvier, President of the Council and Minister of Foreign Affairs

Eugène Étienne, Minister of War

OOC: Pretty much a de facto declaration of war disguised as a de jure police action.

1906

Japan declares Korea to Be a Part of It's Empire:
Japan declared Korea will now become a full fledged member of the Empire of Japan. All Koreans will get the right to vote, serve in the military, and all other rights afforded to Japanese. Korea is henceforth divided into 8 prvinces, and will have special elections to send members to the Diet. Ethnic Japanese also began pouring into Korean into more spacious lands, and laws discriminating against Koreans were removed.

Similar measures were discussed for Formosa, but no actions have been taken.

1906

May-July--Sun Yat Sen begins a world tour to raise funds and speak to Chinese overseas, as well as to potential non-Chinese sympathizers, first entering San Francisco and New York, as well as Canada, stopping in Toronto and Vancouver. At the same time, a Tongmenhui branch is established in Bangkok, Siam.

Fall 1906-- Sun visits Europe, first stopping in the UK, then proceeding to France and the Hague in time for the WZO Conference, where he is guest speaker. Subversion operations begins in secret in Guangxi Province, targeting the provincial Army there for later conversion to the UL side by bribing local officials to insert men judged to be both trusted by the Governor and loyal to the UL, as well as spreading Sun's message in secret among the soldiery.

Winter 1906-early 1907--Sun visits Brazil, and then returns home.

Assasination in Spain.

Need to see with GB to the specifics. He said succesful, which means one of the monarch's is dead. But didn't say if the King and QUeen are dead, just the king or just the queen. Said the target. But the assasin in history didn't really have a specific target. He was a certified nutcase who took to anarchy. Sooo no idea at this moment. Just know in May there is an assasination.

3 May 1906 - Athens, Greece.
The 1906 Intercalated Games have been concluded and proved to be a very successful gathering of the World's Youth in peaceful and harmonious athletic competition. The games were smoothly run, but had a few little problems with records and timing for events.
The Final Medal Count and Details are listed on the Olympic Thread http://forums.jolt.co.uk/showthread.php?t=497718

Russian tag.

Conditions in Central America and the Caribbean as of March/April 1906 (with the exception of Cuba)

Central America and the Caribbean were rather unstable in the early 20th century, prone petty despotism, civil war, and outbreaks of strafe.

Haiti: This troubled impoverished Caribbean nation is presently under the rule of the 85/86 year old President Pierre Nord Alexis, whose four year regime has been plagued by rebellion and frequent accusations of corruption. President Pierre Nord Alexis was declared President by a legislature held hostage in December 21, 1902 following a US backed coup. Alexis has cast himself as a supporter of American interests in the Caribbean (why they helped him to power) and he is very likely to die soon from old age, leaving a power vacuum. There are many people opposed to his regime that were or are loyal to the former rebel leader Antenor Firmin.

Ninety percent of the population is Creole-speaking blacks, the large majority of them illiterate. The remaining ten percent, the élite, are mixed race, Franco-black multattoes whose language is French; for the most part they have been educated in France and form the professional and governing class. The élite have grown fat and rich off government jobs, contracts, and enormous amounts of graft. The two classes, not surprisingly, have nothing but contempt for each other.

Added to this mix are the cacos (name derived from the "kaa-ko" call of a local bird of prey), the perpetual wild card in the deadly game of Haitian "politics". Descended from runaway slaves, the cacos live in quasi-military bands throughout the north and central mountains. In times of peace they exist by pure banditry: preying on farmers, extorting whole villages, and robbing travelers on Haiti's few miles of bad road. They take money from any revolutionary faction seeking the National Palace in Port-au-Prince, serving as an insurgent force until their "candidate" achieved the Presidency. If a rebellion fails they merely retreat back into their mountain forts, or slip over the border into the Dominican Republic. In the event of a successful revolution though the cacos demand their "fair share" of the national treasure. A president retained their support only so long as he paid. Once the money stops the cacos change sides and support the next contender.

A very unstable place, one would describe it as perpetually poised on the brink.


Dominican Republic: Currently stable under President Ramón Cáceres. The US currently administers the Dominican Republic's customs, the major source of government revenues, in order to facilitate the repayment of outstanding European debts.


Guatemala: Presently under the dictatorial rule of President Manuel Estrada Cabrera. The United Fruit Company has become an important force in Guatemala, being hired to manage/administer the country’s postal system. As of 1906 Cabrera is facing serious revolts against his regime; the rebels being supported by the governments of most other Central American nations.

One very curious fact, Estrada Cabrera is attempting to foster a Cult of Minerva in Guatemala. He has ordered or is planning to order a number of Hellenic style "Temples of Minerva" built in major cities throughout the country.


Honduras: Presently stable under the administration of Liberal turned Conservative Manuel Bonilla. The President has given generous concessions to the banana companies along the north coast.


Costa Rica: A rare example of political stability in the region (cynics would say the example of stability that proves the rule of instability), it is peacefully continuing its development under President Ascensión Esquivel Ibarra and as of May 1906, President Cleto de Jesús González Víquez.


El Salvador: Currently under the Military Dictatorship of President Pedro José Escalón. The El Salvador coffee industry has grown inexorably of late. As a result the rural elite provide the bulk of the government's financial support through import duties on goods imported with the foreign currencies that coffee sales have earned. This support, coupled with the humbler and more mundane mechanisms of corruption ensure the coffee growers an overwhelming influence within the El Salvador Government and military


Nicaragua: Presently controlled by Liberal* President José Santos Zelaya (http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/9/93/JZelaya.jpg), an obnoxiously nationalistic corruption ridden kleptocrat with ambitions of reuniting the United States of Central America under a Nicaraguan hegemony, with himself as national president. His regime is solvent but dominated by monopolies granted to favorites, the normal order of business, with Zelaya and his associates enriching themselves. The US Government despises him…they REALLY loath him, the State Department considering him “guilty of murder and rape, as well as robbing his countrymen by graft to the extent of making himself a multi-millionaire.” The US has been trying to undermine his 13 year rule through dollar diplomacy, but his regime remains firm, although there remain Conservative and some Liberal politicos in Eastern Nicaragua that plot revolution.

*In Nicaragua, Liberal and Conservative originally connoted anti- and pro-clericalism respectively. By the early 20th century these labels signify little more then variations of a debilitating, hereditary regionalism, or localismo. Conservatives, on balance, are less anti-American then their liberal counterparts.

He is not well liked by neighboring countries either, since he wants his country to dominate them and gives aid to liberal federalist (political or rebel) factions in other Central American nations. As mentioned earlier, he is also obnoxious. “Appeal by all means!” he told a Peruvian facing deportation. “When I ridicule the United States, laugh at Germany, and spit on England, what do you suppose I care for your beggarly little Peru?”

Assasination in Spain.

Need to see with GB to the specifics. He said succesful, which means one of the monarch's is dead. But didn't say if the King and QUeen are dead, just the king or just the queen. Said the target. But the assasin in history didn't really have a specific target. He was a certified nutcase who took to anarchy. Sooo no idea at this moment. Just know in May there is an assasination.

The King is killed instantly, while the Queen dies 10 days later due to infection.

The Tsar sends his deepest condolences to the Royal Family of Spain and to the Spanish people.

The country mourns it's fallen royalty. A long line of mourners walks past it's deceased queen and king in a public showing, as thousands are reported to visit the fallen couple in Madrid. The bodies themselves are protected with a fervor, soldiers lining the route to make sure no funny business is done.

Returning soldiers from the Morrocan campaign drag disaffectors out of their homes. It's work they relish as the bloodlust from Morroco hasn't been lessened. They pull Socialists, Communists, and Anarchists into the streets. Socialists are simply warned, the soldiers only just starting in their campaign. Communists have a fate that ranges from threats to beatings by the soldiers. Anarchists are shot on the spot. No trails, no mercy. Thankfully Spanish Anarchists are very small in number, and the population sees them as a threat to begin with. The soldiers who do their work are hailed as popular and though some communists try to bring them to trial for beatings, they are never done.

Socialists and Communists mostly keep quiet, seeing the fate of the Anarchists. Pablo Iglesias the leader of the Socialist Party in SPain keeps his party quiet. It simply states the horror of the death of the king, and uses this as a show that the SOcialists of Spain are united with everyone. The Conservatives keep a close eye on the Socialists, but nothing else comes of it. The Communists hide to make sure they are not seen as a threat. Being ANarchists becomes a felony in Spain.

THe aristocracy tries to keep it's point, looking anywhere for a new king. Alfonso didn't have time to sire an heir with his wife. THey take weeks investigating all of Alfonso's affairs. They find a simple statement for payment to take care of a single individual. And that's how 1 year old Roger Leveque de Vilmorin, the son of a French Aristocrat and the now deceased Boy King, finds himself in front of two large men, and a rather spindly man and is told he'll be King of SPain. The only remaining offspring of the Spanish Monarchy. Of course Maria Christina, his grandmother, takes him under her wing as regent. She allows his mother to come along and help her. In her old age, and now with her son dead, she isn't as flaymboyant as she once was. Young Roger keeps his name. Being called Roger the I of Spain.

In order to rule with a regent who is getting on in her years, and a baby king once more, the aristocrats allow a semi-republic basis. The king will retain his soveirgnty, but a Prime Minister and COnstitution must be created in order for some order. Roger the I takes over a country that will change no matter what.

In late 1906, the Tsar sends diplomatic representatives to the capitlas of three countries: Rumania, Serbia, and Greece. They bear an invitation to a conference in Odessa to discuss the future of the Balkans.

(Funeral will be posted once the Morrocan Crisis is handled and both time lines catch up to eachother.)

tag

Crown Prince Gustav and his wife Victoria of Baden will represent the Royal House of Bernadotte for the Kingdom of Sweden at the Royal Funeral in Madrid...

1906
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1906

Major Disasters:
Mount Vesuvius erupts and damages Naples (1 production center requiring repair)
San Francisco Earthquake (1 production center requiring repair)
Hong Kong Typhoon damages city (cannot be used as a naval base after September until next year)
Earthquake Chile (1 resource not available this year)
http://www.rms.com/Catastrophe/Models/Chile.asp

Major discussions
2nd Geneva Convention
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Geneva_Convention

other major events
August 23 - Unable to control a rebellion in the newly-formed Cuban republic, Pres. Tomás Estrada Palma requests U.S. intervention.

France, Germany and Spain conquer Morocco, creating French, German and Spanish Morocco.
Bulgaria and Albania (which includes Kosovo and Macedonia) gain their independence from the Ottoman Empire.

Greece gains territory from the Turks as well.

The King and Queen of Spain are murdered by an anarchist.




Tech level advances
USA, Germany, UK reached tech level 5 in 1905
Argentina, Brazil, Serbia reach tech level 4 in 1906


update

Full text of the 1906 Geneva Convention (http://www.icrc.org/ihl.nsf/FULL/180?OpenDocument)

In summary:

CHAPTER I
Provides basic rules for the care of wounded prisoners, including recovery and medical provision. It also establishes that the belligrent nations shall inform each other of prisoners held and any deaths on the battlefield or otherwise.

CHAPTER II
Provides for the non-combatant status of medical facilities, vehicles and personnel. Allows for the guarding of such facilities by armed personnel.

CHAPTER III
Allows all volunteer aid organisations to work with any force, and to not be constrained by articles or conventions of warfare.

CHAPTER IV
Protects material of aid societies and medical establishments which cannot be diverted from their use.#

CHAPTER V
Protects medical convoys transporting sick and wounded.

CHAPTER VI
Provides protection to official units operating under a red cross flag. Also protects all personnel and material marked with red cross and designates them as humanitarian forces.

CHAPTER VII
Notes that if one belligerent is not a signatory then neother need obey the rules.

CHAPTER VIII
Notes punishments for those breaking the rules, including referral to the court at The Hague for any disputes regarding the wording of the treaty (in peacetime only).

it was signed by:

Argentina, Austria-Hungary, Belgium, Brazil, Bulgaria, Chile, China, Congo, Denmark, France, Germany, Greece, Guatemala, Honduras, Italy, Luxemburg, Mexico, Montenegro, Nicaragua, Netherlands, Norway, Persia, Peru, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Siam, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, United States of America, Uruguay

Great Britain (and Empire) and Japan (and Korea) also signed but refused to be bound by the rulings of the court at The Hague for disputes in wording as they could end up being held to rules that they did not sign.

I think that's just about every nation of the world, so just post if for some reason you don't want to sign, not if you do.

In the Aftermath of the French Victory over Morocco…

“Victoire! Victoire!” scream newspaper headlines throughout France as a celebratory mood takes hold across the country and there is much rejoicing.

In Paris the French Elite joyfully downed glasses of champagne while select cavalry and infantry divisions of the Armee d'Afrique (those that saw the heaviest fighting) paraded down the cities wide avenues, filled with cheering crowds, and marched under the famed Arc de Triomphe. The Général de brigade of each brigade and the Colonel of each regiment were all personally awarded the Légion d'honneur by President Paul Doumer himself. Each unit was then collectively honored with the fourragère aux couleurs du ruban de la croix de guerre. Similar honors are handed out to those of the Légion Étrangère who bravely fought in Casablanca.

Prime Minister Maurice Rouvier and Minister of War Eugène Étienne are applauded on the floor of Parliament by all except the members of the socialist pacifist Section Française de l'Internationale Ouvrière.

Across Southern Frances military hospitals young women come to offer those few European men who were wounded flowers and attention.

The Republic of Albania also signs

December 10, 1906 - Kristiania, Norway and Stockholm, Sweden.

The Nobel Prize Laureates for 1906 are:
Chemistry - Henri Moissan (France)
Literature - Giosuè Carducci (Italy)
Medicine - Camillo Golgi (Italy) and Santiago Ramón y Cajal (Spain)
Peace - Theodore Roosevelt (United States)
Physics - Sir Joseph John Thomson (United Kingdom)

Greece unveils plans for a union with the Cretan Republic, which the Ottoman Empire has renounced its claims on the island. Elefthérios Venizélos, the Cretan Councilor of Justice and the recently appointed High Commisioner of Crete, Alexandros Zaimis, invite the four Great Powers (Russia, UK, Italy, and France) to attend a conference to listen to a proposal for the union of the Cretan Republic, and the Kingdom of Greece.

OOC - the "Great Powers" currently protect Crete from the Ottomans, but at the same time stop a union with Greece to appease the Ottomans.

Greece unveils plans for a union with the Cretan Republic, which the Ottoman Empire has renounced its claims on the island. Elefthérios Venizélos, the Cretan Councilor of Justice and the recently appointed High Commisioner of Crete, Alexandros Zaimis, invite the four Great Powers (Russia, UK, Italy, and France) to attend a conference to listen to a proposal for the union of the Cretan Republic, and the Kingdom of Greece.

France's Ambassador to Greece will attend the conference in Crete with a delegation of experts to hear the proposal regarding the merger of Greece and Crete into one Nation State.

Upon arriving in Crete the Ambassador extends an invitation for High Commissioner Elefthérios Venizélos to have dinner with him and discuss matters.

The British Admiralty announces that it will be selling most of its old battleships in an attempt to modernize the Navy. Tech level 4 BB2s will be sold for 1.5 points a piece to any and all who are willing. 4 a year will be put on the market for all who are interested, and will begin selling them in 1907. Requests to purchase must be made directly to the Admiralty (i.e. the British D/N Thread).

The Tsar will send a diplomat a a team of advisors to the conference to hear out the Greek proposal and examine all options on the table.

Major Events 1907
Serious unrest begins in Rumania (RL)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1907_Romanian_Peasants%27_Revolt

however, reformist social spending by the Rumanian government defuses tensions and prevents outright rebellion. Some protests continue throughout the year but the growing industrial sector eases tensions by providing jobs to displaced famers. (major divergence from RL)

Duma begins meeting in Russia (RL)
Major earthquake in January in Jamaica (no game effect)

Oklahoma becomes 46th US state (RL)
Guardians of Irish Crown Jewels notice they have been stolen (RL)

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1907

New Zealand and Newfoundland become dominions (RL)

War between Ethiopia and Italy ends in Ethiopian defeat and Italy conquering the country.
unrest continues in occupied Morocco (street protests in small numbers)

Sun Yatsen dissappears while touring Russia (major divergence from RL)

France attempts to install a friendly government in Haiti, triggering US intervention and occupation of Haiti

Balkan War May - August 1907 nearly triggers a major war between the Great Powers. Threats of Austrian and German intervention end up in causing the French government to cancel its alliance with Russia, which is viewed as having created the situation, and the French government falls. The war ends with a return to status quo ante bellum in regards to borders, but Rumania, Greece and Serbia are humiliated by Germany and Austria. Norway hosts a conference that brings an end to the fighting for now.

Nicuruaga invades Honduras after attempting to destabilize it, is met by a joint Hondoran / Salvadoran defense force, and then accepts a US brokered cease fire and pulls back its forces.

Odessa Conference (http://forums.jolt.co.uk/showthread.php?t=499369)

The Conference has begun. Going to need a mod to do the Serbian presence...

Odessa Conference (http://forums.jolt.co.uk/showthread.php?t=499369)

The Conference has begun. Going to need a mod to do the Serbian presence...

care to give some backround here?

The Odessa conference is a meeting of Serbia, Rumania, Greece to discuss the future of the Balkans.

Fairly important turn of events in Russia concerning the KMT (http://forums.jolt.co.uk/showpost.php?p=11672256&postcount=10)

Unrest continues in occupied Morocco (street protests in small numbers).

As advised by local officials the Moroccan police force is ordered to efficiently disperse these protests before they gather force. Those within French Morocco suspected of organizing and leading the protests are immediately arrested.

Balkan War begins

March 1st, 1907, to the End of December 1907

Prime Minister Georges Clemenceau (http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b2/Clemenceau.jpg) and Minister of Overseas France Raphaël Milliès-Lacroix, with the support of President Paul Doumer and SFIO leader Jean Jaurès (http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/2/25/Jaur%C3%A8s03.jpg), begin the implementation of widespread colonial reforms.

“France’s overseas territories are essential to its security, its economic advancement, and its status as a Great Power. Therefore, why do we wish the populations of those territories misgoverned, their resources wasted, and their potential squandered?! There must be honest evaluation and reform throughout the entire French Empire."

Jean Jaurès, repeating his role from the Panama Canal Scandal, is, at Clemenceau’s insistence, commissioned by the French Parliament to conduct detailed enquiries into the governing of French Algeria and French Sub-Saharan Africa. The entire delegation of colon representatives (six deputies and three senators from each Algerian department) come out strongly against Clemenceau and Milliès-Lacroix's plan in general and Jaurès’ commission of enquiry in particular, but Clemenceau manages to stare down their threats and win majority support.

In addition, the French Government begins the expansion of the Moroccan and Vietnamese infrastructure. The railway network and road system being constructed in French Algeria will be directly connected to those presently being assembled in French Morocco. Increased funding is also allocated for the expansion of the French Indochinese school system, for the purpose of increasing the number of Vietnamese évolués, and for the elevation of poverty among the native Indochinese population.

July/August, 1907

Spain cedes Rio de Oro (Spanish Sahara, also called Western Sahara) to France and evacuates its settlers to the Canary Islands. French colonial officials take over administration.

Italy purchases French Somaliland (the territory of Djibouti, which contains no resources) from France for three points to be paid over three years and the right for French ships to refuel at any Somaliland port faculties built (of course Italian ships will have priority). The official handover and first payment shall be made January 1st, 1908. The Legion Estranger garrisoning the territory is meanwhile relocated to the city of Algiers in French Algeria.

November 1907 - Stockholm, Sweden and Kristiania, Norway

The New Nobel Prize Laureates for 1907 are:
Chemistry: Eduard Buchner (Germany)
Literature: Rudyard Kipling (United Kingdom)
Physics: Albert Abraham Michelson (United States)
Physiology/Medicine: Charles Louis Alphonse Laveran (France)
Peace: Ernesto Teodoro Moneta (Italy) and Louis Renault (France)

The Austro-Hungarian Empire has officially annexed Bosnia-Herzegovina.

Major Events 1907
Serious unrest begins in Rumania (RL)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1907_Romanian_Peasants%27_Revolt

however, reformist social spending by the Rumanian government defuses tensions and prevents outright rebellion. Some protests continue throughout the year but the growing industrial sector eases tensions by providing jobs to displaced famers. (major divergence from RL)

Duma begins meeting in Russia (RL)
Major earthquake in January in Jamaica (no game effect)

Oklahoma becomes 46th US state (RL)
Guardians of Irish Crown Jewels notice they have been stolen (RL)

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1907

New Zealand and Newfoundland become dominions (RL)

War between Ethiopia and Italy ends in Ethiopian defeat and Italy conquering the country.
unrest continues in occupied Morocco (street protests in small numbers)

Sun Yatsen dissappears while touring Russia (major divergence from RL)

France attempts to install a friendly government in Haiti, triggering US intervention and occupation of Haiti

Balkan War May - August 1907 nearly triggers a major war between the Great Powers. Threats of Austrian and German intervention end up in causing the French government to cancel its alliance with Russia, which is viewed as having created the situation, and the French government falls. The war ends with a return to status quo ante bellum in regards to borders, but Rumania, Greece and Serbia are humiliated by Germany and Austria. Norway hosts a conference that brings an end to the fighting for now.

Nicuruaga invades Honduras after attempting to destabilize it, is met by a joint Hondoran / Salvadoran defense force, and then accepts a US brokered cease fire and pulls back its forces.

bringing 1907 to an end

1908
link
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1908

some interesting events this year

Balkan War continues as Austria places military pressure on Greece in June and July, but the cease fire otherwise holds

Peking (Beijing) is utterly destroyed by an astronomical body, and Imperial China begins to disintegrate. (more to come on this)

1908
link
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1908

some interesting events this year

Hey GB, it looks like there is an assasination attempt on the Portuguese throne coming up (RL sucessful).

There has been some recent reform and I have been using Joao Franco as a much stronger leader than Rl (curbing the idiotic king more).

Russia announces that the government will be financing an attempt on the North Pole this year. several ships will be departing St. Petersburg in February, bound for Iceland, Greenland, and thence the Pole.

Lots of assasinations in the early 20th century.

Wikipedia listed the first Zionist colony in Palestine as being founded in 1908. There was a Palestinian delegation at the 1907 Zionist Congress, so that's either wrong or uses a different definition, as Jewish communities have always been present in Palestine, and have been growing for some time.

Incidentally, the 1907 congress (which I still have to wrap up) might be put on the list, though the 1909 one will be more important. This conference will mostly set up communities to report findings to the 1909 congress for a vote.

Looks like Puyi gets into power about this time, or something like power. Either way, more power to me :). Oh and Elephantum, I had a post, but RL stuff's been messing with me.

(Will post Spain's reactions in Morroco in a little bit.)

"Long Duo"
8.19 AM June 30, 1908
People in northern China and Mongolia observe a column of bluish light, nearly as bright as the Sun, moving across the sky. About 10 minutes later, there was a flash and a loud "knocking" sound similar to artillery fire that went in short bursts spaced increasingly wider apart. Eyewitnesses closer to the explosion reported the sound source moving during each barrage, east to north. The sounds were accompanied by a shock wave that knocked people off their feet and broke windows hundreds of miles away. The majority of eyewitnesses reported only the sounds and the tremors, and not the sighting of the explosion; to different eyewitnesses the sequence of events and their overall duration is also different.

The explosion registered on seismic stations across Eurasia, and produced fluctuations in atmospheric pressure strong enough to be detected by the recently invented barographs in Britain. Over the next few weeks, night skies were aglow such that one could read in their light. In the United States, the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory and the Mount Wilson Observatory observed a decrease in atmospheric transparency that lasted for several months.

Meanwhile, telegraph communication from Beijing ends abruptly. Within days, survivors from the area report that Beijing has been completely and utterly destroyed.

ooc
If the astronomical body that hitTunguska had arrived must minutes later, a possible impact area would have indeed been Beijing based on the angle of approach and with a little bad luck (which was rolled randomnly). Slightly earlier, and St. Petersburg would have seen a similar horror.

At this point in history, the only explanations would have been either a meteor or the hand of God, depending on your beliefs.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tunguska_impact

Beining has been destroyed by a 15 megaton explosion and no longer exists except for smashed rubble and the remnants of some of the sturdier palaces. The entire Imperial family is gone, as are 2 garrison units that were in the city, the foreign legations and embassies, and of course priceless historical treasures. The Great Wall also has a hole about 1 kilometer across at its nearest approach to Beijing.

OOC: You just didn't have enough obliterating China with nuke did you...

IC: A few British Survivors report back to Hong Kong with eyewitness accounts. A team of astronomers, chemists, physicists, geologists, and seismologists is assembled and sent to the area to begin studying what could have possibly caused the explosion.

However, many evangelicals in Britain begin reading the story of Sodom and Gomorrah, and warn Britons away from Shanghai, an equally corrupt and evil city.

More secretively, the Pacific Fleet is put on alert and soldiers in the area are also put on alert, due to the obvious anarchy that will soon ensue.

OOC: Given events....

SIC:

Chaing Kai Shek takes the opportunity to begin the long-awaited revolution that Sun Yat-Sen has been planning. He orders KMT cells in Fujian, Guangdong, Shandong, Zhejiang and other areas the KMT has invested itself in or has sympathy to take control and begin "the struggle to take back the nation from the Manchu barbarians, and fulfill Brother Sun's dream of a strong China." Chaing also has his Hongmen connections begin providing aid to the people in areas named in the name of the United League, and has his missionary connections try to persuade people to support the United League, to try and secure support.

Open IC:

Several mutineers in Hebei Province linked with an element of the KMT led by Huang Xing (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huang_Xing) (a former associate of Sun's now working reluctantly with Chaing in this universe), inspired by the opportunity granted by the sudden "gift from Heaven" as it is dubbed by revolutionaries everywhere and by Huang's idea of staging a revolt in Central China, launch theWuchang Uprising (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wuchang_Uprising) early--catching even Chaing off guard. He then quietly vows to have Huang watched more closely, even as the revolutionaries try to sieze the province from the governor.

Another mutiny takes place in Guangdong as well, starting before the Wuchang Uprising. It involves KMT Rebels trying to kidnap the Qing governor in Guangzhou. (OOC: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huanghuagang_Uprising)

Both revolts are staged by the KMT, even as Chaing sails to Fuzhou, and proclaims the creation of the Republic of China, calling for a "Government of National Unity to bring order to China and make it strong again."

OOC: *wipes sweat from forehead* That was close...

IC:

The entire Far Eastern military district is put on alert as soon as contact is lost with the Russian legation. As details finally begin to be known and newspapers print the stories, hundreds of thousands of Russians flock to churches to pray and plead with God to spare them from calamity and destruction. The Tsar and government officials urge calm, while speaking with top scientists.


SIC: Two regular corps, a cavalry corps, and an HQ are shifted to the Sinkiang border.

Only one Spanish embassy member survived, having been away on another trip. Spain doesn't do much as its interests in China can;t do much.

A few reasonably important 1908 events

Persia

William Knox D'Arcy strikes oil at Masjid-al-Salaman in southwest Persia, his find saves him from bankruptcy and is the first commercially exploitable find of oil in the Middle East. He has secured a deal with the Shah of Iran for exclusive oil rights until 1961 and plans to set up the Anglo-Persian Oil Company in early 1909 (This will eventually become British Petroleum and then BP). The oil is at present largely sold to the British government for fuel for the new vessels replacing the obsolete coal fired ones. An oil refinery is planned to be built near the Persian city of Abadan

Britain

Robert Baden-Powell sets up the Boy Scout movement utilising his public support resulting from his military campaigns in the Boer War.

The Women's suffrage movement gathers strength and arranges several fairly large street protests.

USA

The first Model T Ford goes on sale. They will be sold in any colour required not just the popularly supposed black (black model Ts were the only ines available 1915 to 25 though). Within 5 years the production process will be so efficient that each car will take just over 90 minutes to assemble, around the same time nine out of every ten cars in teh whole world will be Fords.

Russia invites Ford to set up a factory in St. Petersburg so that Russian people can begin to buy automobiles and see the wonders of modern technology.

In addition, the Tsar orders one for his own personal use.

1908
link
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1908

some interesting events this year

Balkan War continues as Austria places military pressure on Greece in June and July, but the cease fire otherwise holds

Peking (Beijing) is utterly destroyed by an astronomical body, and Imperial China begins to disintegrate. (more to come on this)

update

December 10, 1908 - Stockholm, Sweden and Kristiania, Norway

The New Nobel Prize Laureates are:
Chemistry - Ernest Rutherford (New Zealand)
Literature - Rudolf Christoph Eucken (Germany)
Medicine - Paul Ehrlich (Germany) and Ilya Ilyich Mechnikov (Russia)
Peace - Klas Pontus Arnoldson (Sweden) and Fredrik Bajer (Denmark)
Physics - Gabriel Lippmann (France/Luxembourg)

ooc
as Sharina was unable to post as Chile for a while, and is now playing Argentina, following events took place in Chile 1907-08

IC
The Chilean Parliament, dominated by the oligarchy of the leading land owners and business leaders, impeaches and removes the President after learning of his attempts to interfere in Bolivia. A formal apology is issued to Bolivia, and Chile announces that the previous military expansion program and aggressive behavior is renounced.

In addition, finding that more skilled workers are needed for the Chilean industrial sector, the government begins allocating significant sums to education and health care.

At 2:30 on the 20th of november an assination attempt is made on King Carlos I whilst he was travelling though Lisbon in a carriage. A known anarchist barged through crowds and loosed off several shots from a revolver at his majesty. The king was hit twice, in the shoulder and torso. The would be asassin tried to flew but was caught by Royal Guardsmen before being put up against a wall and shot.
The king was quickly rushed to a nearby hospital where his wounds were treated. The doctors managed to stop the blood loss and remove the bullet lodged in his shoulder. His condition was said to be stable and the doctors where hopeful he would survive, His Majesty is currently under heavy guard at the Coração Sagrado Hospital in Lisbon.

Meanwhile Prime Minister Joao Franco has quickly seized emergency powers and initiated a crackdown on anarchists known to be affliated with the assailant.

1909 major events
Peary allegedly reaches the North Pole, the Russians also claim to do so (both are wrong, but close enough)

Shackleton reaches the South Magnetic Pole

NAACP founded in the United States

Canada finds more gold, this time in northern Ontario (1 new resource for Canada, located in Toronto)

Halleys Comet year (and Mark Twain dies)

coup attempt in Persia (to be resolved)
Nicaruaga gets uppity (executes a couple of Americans) (to be resolved)

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1909

Bleriot flies across the English Channel

First international air race held in France, Glenn Curtis wins

Delag founded in Germany, the first airline (using Zeppelins in this case). Germany can spend 2 points and get an airline unit worth 1 point a year

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DELAG

Tag

After fruitful negotiation with the newly formed Republic of China and it's leader Chinag Kai Shek the Macau concession has been enlarged by eleven new territories; Pengsha, Doumen, Jinwan, Jiuzhou, Xiangzhou, Gaolan, Zhuhai, Wanzai, Qiao, Xiaohengqin Dao and Dahengqin Dao.

Map Showing the new concession (http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v671/lazyjim/Macauexpansionmap.jpg)

Construction of a naval base is set to be begin on Jiuzhou in 1911.

Meanwhile the three old Protected Cruisers NPR Adamastor, NPR Sao Gariel and NPR Candido Reis will be handed over to the Republic of China at Guangzhou harbour escorted by the two light cruisers assigned to Portuguese far eastern holdings, NPR Seita De Carga and NPR Lançasusto.

Stockholm and Kristiania - December 10, 1909

Chemistry: Wilhelm Ostwald (Germany)
Literature: Selma Lagerlöf (Sweden)
Medicine: Emil Theodor Kocher (Switzerland)
Peace: Auguste Marie Francois Beernaert (Belgium), Paul-Henri-Benjamin d' Estournelles de Constant (France) and King Haakon VII (Norway)
Physics: Karl Ferdinand Braun (Germany) and Guglielmo Marconi (Italy)

1909 major events
Peary allegedly reaches the North Pole, the Russians also claim to do so (both are wrong, but close enough)

Shackleton reaches the South Magnetic Pole

NAACP founded in the United States

Canada finds more gold, this time in northern Ontario (1 new resource for Canada, located in Toronto)

Halleys Comet year (and Mark Twain dies)

coup attempt in Persia (to be resolved)
Nicaruaga gets uppity (executes a couple of Americans) (to be resolved)

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1909

Bleriot flies across the English Channel

First international air race held in France, Glenn Curtis wins

Delag founded in Germany, the first airline (using Zeppelins in this case). Germany can spend 2 points and get an airline unit worth 1 point a year

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DELAG


China is divided into Imperial and Republican China as well as various warlord states, some of which are made into client states by France, Britian, and Germany. Meanwhile, Russia and Japan annex portions of China as well (Sinkiang and Manchuria respectively)

A coup in Persia deposes the Shah, but is then put down by Russian troops which essentially destroys the antiquated Persian Army in the process (as most of it deserts and goes home)

US forces occupy Nicuaragua

Major Events 1910
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1910

January - February
British Imperial troops from India occupy southern Persia to restore order, while Russian troops continue to occupy northern Persia.

Halleys Comet remains brightly visible all year and during May the Earth passes through the tail. This causes some disquiet in many parts of the world as the destruction of Beijing remains unexplained scientifically.

In early April of 1910, President Roosevelt departs for the United Kingdom aboard a steamer at the start of his European Tour. He arrives in London on May 2nd. It is the first time in history for a sitting president of the United States to visit that continent. Escorting the President is a fleet of US Warships, including 4 Dreadnaughts, 12 Battleships, and 40 destroyers, all painted up for the occasion in a stunning white coat of paint. The fleet plans on making ports of call in Southampton, Brest, Kiel, Amsterdam and St. Petersburg while the President continues on his tour. American sailors make a great show of greating European citizens and distributing treats like Hersheys chocolate bars.

The White Fleet is welcomed at St. Petersburg by the small Russian Fleet. However, it does not mean that they do not knowthe meaning of ceremony. All of the men wear they're best uniforms and the Tsar himself is on hand to see the American ships arrive.

1910 As dissent and hostility rise in Korea, Japan takes various measures to reduce it. Japan also makes it more difficult for outsiders to travel to the region.

In May, King Edward VII dies and is succeeded by his son, George V.

After British troops occupy Southern Persia, a new republic is declared in Bandar Abbas led by Mohammad Kazem Khorasani. The "Islamic Republic of Free Persia" announces that its temporary capital is in Bandar Abbas, but that its territory extends from British India to Ottoman Iraq and goes as far north as Isfahan and further. However, that is a mere wish of the fledgeling republic as most of that land is either Russian controlled or unoccupied.

What they say they control:

http://i63.photobucket.com/albums/h151/germanye20/IRFPwish.png

What they actually control:

http://i63.photobucket.com/albums/h151/germanye20/IRFPactual.png

Britain immediately announces its recognition of the new Republic and pledges support for it in 1911. It also sends political "advisors" to the new Leaders in which they will help set up a government for the new Free Persia.

Parthini;11769501']In May, King Edward VII dies and is succeeded by his son, George V.

After British troops occupy Southern Persia, a new republic is declared in Bandar Abbas led by Mohammad Kazem Khorasani. The "Islamic Republic of Free Persia" announces that its temporary capital is in Bandar Abbas, but that its territory extends from British India to Ottoman Iraq and goes as far north as Isfahan and further. However, that is a mere wish of the fledgeling republic as most of that land is either Russian controlled or unoccupied.

What they say they control:

http://i63.photobucket.com/albums/h151/germanye20/IRFPwish.png

What they actually control:

http://i63.photobucket.com/albums/h151/germanye20/IRFPactual.png

Britain immediately announces its recognition of the new Republic and pledges support for it in 1911. It also sends political "advisors" to the new Leaders in which they will help set up a government for the new Free Persia.

The Ottomans immediately announces its recognition of the New Republic, and pledges to send advisors (about a Brigade worth of army officers) to help train the new Republic army by late 1910.

The Danish king sends his condolences to the family of the British Monarch, specifically his sister the Queen Consort. As well as to and through the British Parliment to the Kingdoms citizenry.

Russia lodges an immediate and strident objection to this gross violation of Persia's soverignty and decalres that the Republic is in fact a rebel movement attempting to break away from the rightful government under the Shah.

In addition, Russia says that this violates prior agreements between Russia and Britain.

Russia lodges an immediate and strident objection to this gross violation of Persia's soverignty and decalres that the Republic is in fact a rebel movement attempting to break away from the rightful government under the Shah.

In addition, Russia says that this violates prior agreements between Russia and Britain.

Britain points out that Russia's continued invasions of Persia have constituted even greater violations of Persian sovreignty, and that Britain finds the current republic to be right in its views.

Besides, Britain points out, it isn't even a part of Russia's area of Influence, and as such, should not be an issue for Russia.

Parthini;11770158']Britain points out that Russia's continued invasions of Persia have constituted even greater violations of Persian sovreignty, and that Britain finds the current republic to be right in its views.

Besides, Britain points out, it isn't even a part of Russia's area of Influence, and as such, should not be an issue for Russia.

Russia points out that they were suppressing a rebellion on request from teh rightful ruler of the government and plan on leaving as soon as the Shah is reinstated and has a new government in place.

*The Australian parliament announces an official day of mourning over the tragic death of the former british monarch. Written condolences for the royal family from the people of Australia, presently arriving at parliament house in Melbourne, number in the thousands.*

*Andrew Fisher, newly elected prime minister of Australia and head of the world's first labor majority government, (http://forums.jolt.co.uk/showpost.php?p=11771593&postcount=20) sends an informal telegram to the british prime minister asking if it would be appropriate for Australia to forward these messages to the royal family.*

Parthini;11769501']In May, King Edward VII dies and is succeeded by his son, George V.

After British troops occupy Southern Persia, a new republic is declared in Bandar Abbas led by Mohammad Kazem Khorasani. The "Islamic Republic of Free Persia" announces that its temporary capital is in Bandar Abbas, but that its territory extends from British India to Ottoman Iraq and goes as far north as Isfahan and further. However, that is a mere wish of the fledgeling republic as most of that land is either Russian controlled or unoccupied.

What they say they control:

http://i63.photobucket.com/albums/h151/germanye20/IRFPwish.png

What they actually control:

http://i63.photobucket.com/albums/h151/germanye20/IRFPactual.png

Britain immediately announces its recognition of the new Republic and pledges support for it in 1911. It also sends political "advisors" to the new Leaders in which they will help set up a government for the new Free Persia.

The Austro-Hungarian Government sends its regrets to the English people over the death of their great king.

The AHE also offically recognizes the new Persian government as 'the true government of Persia.'

Major Events 1910
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1910

January - February
British Imperial troops from India occupy southern Persia to restore order, while Russian troops continue to occupy northern Persia.

Halleys Comet remains brightly visible all year and during May the Earth passes through the tail. This causes some disquiet in many parts of the world as the destruction of Beijing remains unexplained scientifically.

Theodore Roosevelt becomes the first sitting President to make overseas visits, going to several nations in Europe

King Edward VIII dies and is succeeded by George V

The Second Sino - Japanese War continues to be hard fought but ends in a stalemate after an Imperial Chinese victory defeats the Japanese offensive. A negotiated peace brings about Japanese control over Manchuria and the Beiing area (with some other areas as buffers) but ensures the survival of Imperial China as well.

August 20, 1910 A palace coup occurs in Afghanistan, and King Habibullah Khan is killed and Amanullah Khan takes his place. He orders all British subjects out of Afghanistan and asks Russia for protection.
ooc: Well he doesn't, as he is essentially a captive ruler, but his 'advisors' do so in his name.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amanullah_Khan

Japan recognizes the new Persian republic

Japan reconizes Tibet, and all new republics from China

After several protests are lodged about the moving of the Capital to Belfast, an amendment is swiftly put in creating Dublin as the Capital. Protestants are reminded that with the Federal Dominion, individual counties will have much autonomy so that Dublin will not interefere too much in Ulster.

The bill passes in the House of Commons. However, the House of Lords immediately blocks it causing an uproar. This forces the Liberal Majority to create the Parliament Act, whereupon all legislative bills can be passed without the consent of the House of Lords. The House can merely stall a bill for 12 months. Bills merely have to be put forth to Royal Assent, which the Home Rule Act is and is approved by George V.

The Dominion of Ireland then is formed on January 30th, 1911. The new Dominion will have the same rights as the other dominions (such as the right to create an armed forces and merchant Marine), and as of 1911, conducts its own budgetary affairs.

November 10, 1910

Chemistry: Otto Wallach (Germany)
Literature: Paul Johann Ludwig von Heyse (Germany)
Medicine: Albrecht Kossel (Germany)
Peace: International Peace Bureau (Switzerland)
Physics: Johannes Diderik van der Waals (Netherlands)

[OOC- Aww.... why the hatin' on Haakon?]

France recognizes both Tibet and the new Persian republic.

Russia recognizes Tibet and offers it a treaty guranteeing it's independence.

Russia recognizes Tibet and offers it a treaty guranteeing it's independence.

Tibet thanks Russia for its offer but politely declines, informing Russia that it would rather stay out of such binding treaties.

----------

Britain recognizes the Republic of Hainan but continues to hold recognition of Yunnan Province for "staffing reasons."

Parthini;11785884']Tibet thanks Russia for its offer but politely declines, informing Russia that it would rather stay out of such binding treaties.


Russia responds that the treaty would in no way force Tibet to aid Russia. It simply gaurantee that anyone who attempts to conquer Tibet will have to deal with Russia.

Spain recognizes Tibet.

Peru recognizes Tibet and the Islamic Republic of Free Persia.

1911 - A call has gone out to the international community to send in designs for the new capitial city of Australia. A competition is to held, with the winner expected to achieve much prestige and international recognition.

1911
January - February
China-- fighting continues in China between the KMT and Italians, resulting in heavy casualties on both sides. Imperial China signs a mutual defense treaty with Russia

March - April
Russia -- a wave of assassinations occurs in the Baltic provinces and Finland that eventually results in a serious Russian crackdown and then the assassination of the Czar, his wife, and his son, and a daughter, leaving only the daughter Anastasia surviving and the Grand Duke as regent.

Argentina invades Bolivia
http://forums.jolt.co.uk/showpost.ph...5&postcount=13

Mexican Civil War underway (ooc more on this later, but government falls quickly ending the first stage of the Civil War by May.. then a lull occurs)

Russia, Germany, Austria Hungary mobilize. Balt and Finnish elements of the Russian Army mutiny. A provisional Finnish government is formed in Helsinkia after Russian police units are wiped out there.

May 1911
Austria Hungary and Germany invade Russia. Poland fals, Lithuania falls.

Long time dictator / President for Life of Mexico, Diaz, resigns in the face of rebellion by the forces led by Madero. Diaz thens steams off to Cuba into exile.
(with more to come on this http://www.onwar.com/aced/nation/may/mexico/fmexico1911.htm)

June 1911
Coalition forces drive deep into the Ukraine, Latvia and enter Belorussia.
Bulgaria declares war on Russia.

July 1911
Argentina falls into civil war but pulls out of Bolivia
http://forums.jolt.co.uk/showpost.php?p=11823541&postcount=25

Huge battles in Russia result in the Coalition capturing Minsk and Riga. Coalition forces also drive deep into the Ukraine.

1911
January - February
China-- fighting continues in China between the KMT and Italians, resulting in heavy casualties on both sides. Imperial China signs a mutual defense treaty with Russia

March - April
Russia -- a wave of assassinations occurs in the Baltic provinces and Finland that eventually results in a serious Russian crackdown and then the assassination of the Czar, his wife, and his son, and a daughter, leaving only the daughter Anastasia surviving and the Grand Duke as regent.

March April (continued)
Argentina invades Bolivia
http://forums.jolt.co.uk/showpost.php?p=11794315&postcount=13

When news of the bombing is heard in Moscow, Anastasia is immediatly surrounded by tightened security. An escort of cossacks and secret police agents usher her to St. Petersburg, where the Guards are called out and deployed to protect the palace.

In the confusion following both the revolts and the near total destruction of the royal family, the Grand Duke Michael is called to St. Petersburg to take over leadership of the country as regent until Anastasia is old enough to inherit the throne. He immediatly announces a national state of mourning and proclaims a state of emergency throughout the country. Shortly thereafter he goes into an extended conference with Prime Minister Stolypin and emerges several days later with the news that Stolypin has been chosen to head up the new Council of State.

Security for all major government figures is increased and tightened. Sweeps for bombs in railway cars, buildings, and automobiles are daily occurences for several weeks. After the scare dies down, regular sweeps are still made and are double checked when government officials travel.

Several changes are made as various ministers and leaders are replaced or shunted around. Grand Duke Nicholas continues to lead the military as Chief of Staff.

The Finnish troops are transferred to the Far East and switched with reserves there. Their higher officers are called to St. Petersburg, including Mannerheim, to face intense scrutiny.

Several days later the body of one Rasputin is found in the Neva River with a bullet in the back of his skull.

It is announced that a state funeral will be held in a week's time, with what remains can be found in the coffins.

OOC: Going to national effort ("state of emergency").

Emperor Meiji is immeddiately surrounded by the Imperial Guards and intelligence agents begin to question harder the survivng anarchists captured during the High Treason Incident. More than a hundred anarchists are rounded up for questioning.

1911
January - February
China-- fighting continues in China between the KMT and Italians, resulting in heavy casualties on both sides. Imperial China signs a mutual defense treaty with Russia

March - April
Russia -- a wave of assassinations occurs in the Baltic provinces and Finland that eventually results in a serious Russian crackdown and then the assassination of the Czar, his wife, and his son, and a daughter, leaving only the daughter Anastasia surviving and the Grand Duke as regent.

Argentina invades Bolivia
http://forums.jolt.co.uk/showpost.ph...5&postcount=13

Mexican Civil War underway (ooc more on this later, but government falls quickly ending the first stage of the Civil War by May.. then a lull occurs)

Russia, Germany, Austria Hungary mobilize. Balt and Finnish elements of the Russian Army mutiny. A provisional Finnish government is formed in Helsinkia after Russian police units are wiped out there.

more to come without a doubt

Balt and Finnish elements of the Russian Army mutiny. A provisional Finnish government is formed in Helsinkia after Russian police units are wiped out there.


The Danish government is quick to recognise Finland as a nation while still leaving the question of China unanswered

The Danish government is quick to recognise Finland as a nation while still leaving the question of China unanswered

The Danish government is quietly asked why they are recognizing rebels and terrorists who most likely colluded with German agents to assassinate the Tsar.

The Danish government is quietly asked why they are recognizing rebels and terrorists who most likely colluded with German agents to assassinate the Tsar.

The Danish government quietly responds with emphasising there is no evidence to suggest that the assasinations where indeed carried out by the Finnish people but could have very well have been German agents performing the assasinations in Finland and other Baltic states to shift the blame from Germany to these innocent countries. Of whom which opportunistically used the situation to secede from Russia and form the various nations of which Finland is one of. Rebels they may be in Russia but no longer is Finland or Helsinki considered Russian and as to terrorists there is yet no evidence to support the idea of Finnish collusion in the unfortunate deaths of Russian royalty. In which we would like to send condolences to the Russian government and people for the loss of such a great ruler.

The Danish government quietly responds with emphasising there is no evidence to suggest that the assasinations where indeed carried out by the Finnish people but could have very well have been German agents performing the assasinations in Finland and other Baltic states to shift the blame from Germany to these innocent countries. Of whom which opportunistically used the situation to secede from Russia and form the various nations of which Finland is one of. Rebels they may be in Russia but no longer is Finland or Helsinki considered Russian and as to terrorists there is yet no evidence to support the idea of Finnish collusion in the unfortunate deaths of Russian royalty. In which we would like to send condolences to the Russian government and people for the loss of such a great ruler.


Russia maintains that Finland is merely a rebellious province and is not a seperate country.

Has anyone recognized FInland as a seperate country yet? If not then it can't be called a true country yet.

Has anyone recognized FInland as a seperate country yet? If not then it can't be called a true country yet.

Germany and Denmark definately have. US has no intention of doing so until after this war is resolved. Not sure on any other nations.

Spain sees this as profiting from a clearly internal problem, and finds recognizing Finland at this time to be extremelly inappropriate when outside nations are involved.

1911
January - February
China-- fighting continues in China between the KMT and Italians, resulting in heavy casualties on both sides. Imperial China signs a mutual defense treaty with Russia

March - April
Russia -- a wave of assassinations occurs in the Baltic provinces and Finland that eventually results in a serious Russian crackdown and then the assassination of the Czar, his wife, and his son, and a daughter, leaving only the daughter Anastasia surviving and the Grand Duke as regent.

Argentina invades Bolivia
http://forums.jolt.co.uk/showpost.ph...5&postcount=13

Mexican Civil War underway (ooc more on this later, but government falls quickly ending the first stage of the Civil War by May.. then a lull occurs)

Russia, Germany, Austria Hungary mobilize. Balt and Finnish elements of the Russian Army mutiny. A provisional Finnish government is formed in Helsinkia after Russian police units are wiped out there.

May 1911
Austria Hungary and Germany invade Russia. Poland fals, Lithuania falls.

Long time dictator / President for Life of Mexico, Diaz, resigns in the face of rebellion by the forces led by Madero. Diaz thens steams off to Cuba into exile.
(with more to come on this http://www.onwar.com/aced/nation/may/mexico/fmexico1911.htm)

1911 is going to be a busy year

After much discussion, Secretary Newberry and newly appointed First Sea Lord Louis Mountbatten (a year early but, hey) come to a decision. With Sir Edward Grey in attendance, the three men agree to issue a joint statement:

Let it be known

That the United Kingdom of Great Britain and the United States of America hereby declare the rights of all persons to conduct righteous and peaceful trade upon the World's Oceans without the disturbance of belligerent nations.

The Royal Navy and her constiuents (RAN, RCN, RIN, RSAN) and the United States Navy hereby swear to uphold these God given rights by any means necissary.

------------------------

Many in the Admiralty hope that this is a turning point in the relationship between the RN and USN. Many in the Admiralty, including old Jackie Fisher think that the rivalry between the US and UK is petty, and that it is the duty of the Anglic Race to defend the Seas of the world. However, none think that this is the time to halt or even slow the Naval expansion but go so far as to think that Naval expansion should increase.

The Statement is sent to Parliament where it is immediately approved by both Houses and the King.

Britain also states that it will uphold its duty to protect neutral nations on the continent, especially the Lowlands.

1911
January - February
China-- fighting continues in China between the KMT and Italians, resulting in heavy casualties on both sides. Imperial China signs a mutual defense treaty with Russia

March - April
Russia -- a wave of assassinations occurs in the Baltic provinces and Finland that eventually results in a serious Russian crackdown and then the assassination of the Czar, his wife, and his son, and a daughter, leaving only the daughter Anastasia surviving and the Grand Duke as regent.

Argentina invades Bolivia
http://forums.jolt.co.uk/showpost.ph...5&postcount=13

Mexican Civil War underway (ooc more on this later, but government falls quickly ending the first stage of the Civil War by May.. then a lull occurs)

Russia, Germany, Austria Hungary mobilize. Balt and Finnish elements of the Russian Army mutiny. A provisional Finnish government is formed in Helsinkia after Russian police units are wiped out there.

May 1911
Austria Hungary and Germany invade Russia. Poland fals, Lithuania falls.

Long time dictator / President for Life of Mexico, Diaz, resigns in the face of rebellion by the forces led by Madero. Diaz thens steams off to Cuba into exile.
(with more to come on this http://www.onwar.com/aced/nation/may/mexico/fmexico1911.htm)

June 1911
Coalition forces drive deep into the Ukraine, Latvia and enter Belorussia.
Bulgaria declares war on Russia.

July 1911
Argentina falls into civil war but pulls out of Bolivia
http://forums.jolt.co.uk/showpost.php?p=11823541&postcount=25

Huge battles in Russia result in the Coalition capturing Minsk and Riga. Coalition forces also drive deep into the Ukraine.

more 1911... an eventful year

January 7, 1912

Emperor Meiji passed away quietly in his sleep today, due to stress over the recent war and Japan's more recent depression, coupled with street fighitng and riots between Pacifists and Nationalists. Emperor-to-be Taisho will be crowned on January 31, 1912. Huge crowds gathered all across Japan, Korea, Manchuria, and even China to mourn the loss of such a great person and statesman.

Events of Interest, 1911

The 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica, perhaps the most famous edition of the Encyclopædia Britannica, is published.

First Solvay Congress (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solvay_Congress) meeting of physicists in Brussels. The subject is Radiation and the Quanta. This conference looks at the problems of having two approaches, namely the classical physics and quantum theory. Albert Einstein is the youngest physicist present. Other members of the Solvay Congress include such luminaries as Marie Curie and Henri Poincaré.

The University of Iceland founded

Rutherford (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernest_Rutherford) deduces the existence of a compact atomic nucleus from scattering experiments.

Onnes (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heike_Kamerlingh_Onnes) discovers superconductivity.

In France the Champagne Riots (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Champagne_Riots), in which growers disputed the precise limits of the Champagne region.


January 3 - In London, in what becomes known as the Siege of Sidney Street, the Metropolitan Police and the Scots Guards engage in a shootout with a criminal gang of Latvian anarchists held up in a building in the East End.

January 26 - Glenn H. Curtiss (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glenn_H._Curtiss) flies the first successful seaplane.

March 8 - International Women's Day (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Women%27s_Day) is celebrated for the first time.

May 15 - The United States Supreme Court declares Standard Oil to be an "unreasonable" monopoly under the Sherman Antitrust Act and orders the company to be dissolved.

May 11 - Futurist exhibition in Milan was the first of efforts by the group to make its theories concrete.

June 28 - The Nakhla meteorite (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nakhla_meteorite) (from Mars) lands in the area of Alexandria, Egypt, purportedly killing a dog.

August 8 - Public Law 62-5 (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_Law_62-5) sets the number of representatives in the United States House of Representatives at 435. The law will take effect in 1913.

August 10 - British MPs vote to receive salaries for the first time.

September 25 - Groundbreaking for Fenway Park in Boston, Massachusetts begins.

November 15 - Prince Louis Honoré Charles Antoine Grimaldi of Monaco (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_II%2C_Prince_of_Monaco), heir to the throne of Monaco, officially recognizes his illegitimate daughter Charlotte Louise Juliette Louvet (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Princess_Charlotte%2C_Duchess_of_Valentinois) as Princess Charlotte of Monaco.

December 21 - First robbery of the Bonnot gang (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonnot_gang).

I could add an event that doesn't seem important now, but politcally could. 20 Year old Francisco Franco graduates from military college in I believe late 1911 or early 1912. Don't have a date.

1912
The Eastern War continues between the Coalition and Russia and its ally Imperial China.

Rio Plata War begins between Argentina and Brazil

in April, the Titantic sinks (costing the British 1 ocean liner unit, see British thread. US and UK will also have to devote an escort group beginning 1913 to International Ice Patrol)

Mexican Revolution has heated up as Madero is overthrown and killed by Huerta

From Hobart, Australia, Norwegian explorer Roald Amundsen announces the discovery of the South Pole. Amundsen reports that Robert Falcon Scott's expedition was contacted by wireless telegraph prior to the Norwegian return from the pole and had reported at the time that they would be continuing in their efforts to reach the pole, while undertaking scientific observation along the route. Scott seems to be in good spirits despite being beaten to the pole and the radio transcript ends with Amundsen wishing Scott the best of luck and the best of weather in his expedition's efforts.

[OOC- i figure that since Norway is a bit more terchnologically advanced in this timeline, there might have been some of that extra stuff brought along that wasn't in the RL timeline. A wireless telegraph, in this case. It's up to Britain if Scott still dies, I guess, but the expedition should be more forewarned now and probably not as dispirited coming back from the Pole.]

On June the twenty-first 1912 King Carlos I, Prince Manuel and Prince Luís Filipe, with a troops of the palace guard, where returning through Lisbon from a ride in the countryside after the King finally having recovered from his assaination attempt, when they passed through a small square on the way to the palace.
When the three royals paused to let their horses drink at a trough, a cart at the other side of the square was uncovered to reveal a machine gun, which opened fire along with two men with rifles. The palace guard troopers where cut down in a second, King Carlos wheeled his hose around to escape but he was picked off by rifle fire. His horse bolted and knocked Prince Luís Filipe from his saddle, saving him as the machine gun raked the prince's own horse which fell on him.
Prince Manuel seeing his father killed, drew his sword and charged the men but was cut to pieces by the rapid fire bullets from the machine gun dieing instantly.
After having done their deed the assasins made for the edge of town as fast as they could in their cart and where last seen on the road to Guarda.
A whole company of palace guards arrived on the scene five minutes later, just before a squad of marines from the docks.
King Carlos and Prince Luís Filipe where rushed to a nearby hospital where the King died of blood loss and the Prince was found to have both his legs broken as well as being paralysed below the waist.
Prime Minister Joao Franco acted quickly and brough senior government officials to his Villa ouside Lisbon for an emergency meeting.
He ordered for the killers to be run down, telling Field Marshall Georgio Hacasa to send a whole division of cavalry after them. The Army sent two squads up on the roads to Porto and Guarda nothing was found.
The Assaination is publically blamed on the Carbonária anarchist group, Joao Franco immediatly gives orders for the group to be rounded up and wiped out.

Spain orders all it's police officers on the border of Portugal and Spain to stop any suspicious people trying to cross the border. All trains travelling on the rails are to be stopped, in order to ask Portuguese police to search them.

Spain asks for any descriptions or a list of those who would perpitrate such a horrible crime. And once again iterates the evil of anarchism. Spain wishes to pervay that these murders will not escape Portuguese justice by crossing the border into SPain, and asks Portugal how it can help further.

In the days after the assaination of King Carlos I, his only surviving son Prince Luís Filipe is still comatose and his Prime Minister Joao Franco is conducting the running of the country from his villa outside Lisbon.
On the fourth day Prime Minister Franco was conducting a meeting with several of his most ardent suporters when several explosions where heard by witnesses in the grounds of the house. The entire east wing of the villa was demolished by the explosions, including the conference room, all the occupants where found to be dead. An official investigation proclaimed it to be a bomb attack by the same anarchist goup that had assainated the king.
However several eye witnesses including one who had served with the RoC in China said that a dull thump followed by a high pitched whistle had been heard before the explosions. The ex-soldier said that it had sounded so much like artillery fire that he had ran and ducked for cover when he heard it.
With the death of the Prime Minister, leaving the nation leaderless, the Army and Navy acted quickly and secured vital governement building in Lisbon and Porto. Field Marshall Georgio Hacasa proclaimed ina public address that martial law has been declared and that until the situation returned to normal that the military would be administering the daily running of the country.

He Spanish are meanwhile thanked for their support and are given full co-operation by the Portuguese police and armed forces.

Spain thanks Portugal for it's cooperation, though the reports leave the IE very suspicious.

From Hobart, Australia, Norwegian explorer Roald Amundsen announces the discovery of the South Pole. Amundsen reports that Robert Falcon Scott's expedition was contacted by wireless telegraph prior to the Norwegian return from the pole and had reported at the time that they would be continuing in their efforts to reach the pole, while undertaking scientific observation along the route. Scott seems to be in good spirits despite being beaten to the pole and the radio transcript ends with Amundsen wishing Scott the best of luck and the best of weather in his expedition's efforts.

[OOC- i figure that since Norway is a bit more terchnologically advanced in this timeline, there might have been some of that extra stuff brought along that wasn't in the RL timeline. A wireless telegraph, in this case. It's up to Britain if Scott still dies, I guess, but the expedition should be more forewarned now and probably not as dispirited coming back from the Pole.]

OOC: I would support a return of Scott from Antartica, he is a pretty cool guy to have around for any expedition Britain needs in the future. His return can be justified by stating that receiving the message that he has been beaten Scott decides to head back to base, secure in the knowledge that he has been beaten fairly (he expected to be beaten anyway) and can bring back the geological samples, which were the main objective of the party, as a consolation. Though the alternative and historical end can be justified as well by stating that Scott's determination made him attempt the pole despite the blizzard season closing in.

1912
The Great Eastern War becomes the Great War, and becomes a World War, and grows in increasing fury as the year goes on.

http://forums.jolt.co.uk/showthread.php?p=11881861

US invents diesel / electric submarine
Arizona becomes 48th US state (meaning states from sea to shining sea)

US Election year, Teddy Roosevelt beats Woodrow Wilson and gets a Third Term

The African National Congress (not called that yet, but close enough) is founded in South Africa
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/African_National_Congress

Nobel prizes
Physics - Nils Gustaf Dalén
Chemistry - Victor Grignard, Paul Sabatier
Medicine - Alexis Carrel
Literature - Gerhart Johann Robert Hauptmann
Peace - Elihu Root

The Bern Party Conference was a conference of Vladimir Lenin's Bolshevik faction of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party. It was held in Bern in January 1912. At the conference, Lenin and his supporters broke away from the rest of the party and formed their own, purely Bolshevik, party.

After the conference, Joseph Stalin was co-opted to the Bolshevik Central Committee. (ooc historically in Prague, but as the A-H is at war, Switzerland is the likely alternate site)

1913
the Great War enters its 3rd year, and millions are dead, more are crippled, and the war has expanded to Africa, Asia, the Indian Ocean, and most of Europe.

Civil War continues in Brazil (low level insurgency), and breaks out again in Mexico (more on this soon).

US passes the 16th Amendment to the United States Constitution is ratified authorizing the Federal government to impose and collect income tax. (ooc which is why I will now allow the US to have anything other then cut spending economic spending)

Romanov Dynasty celebrates its 300th year of rule in Russia (as much as wartime allows for anyway)

50th Anniversey of the Battle of Gettysburg is celebrated amongst much nostalgia and good feeling by veterans from the North and South

Ford motor company invents the moving assembly line (the US can build motorized units at a 25% discount beginning 1914)

The Persian Flu Pandamic begins
(see below)

The Persian Flu
ooc
based on the Spanish Flu pandamic of 1918-19
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish_flu

This by the way is the deadliest (by far) pandamic of the 20th Century until AIDs shows up.

To determine your losses take the following steps. Determine if you are at war or not, and if you are on food rationing or emergency food rationing.

a. Casualty rate for at war, emergency food rationing is 40% of the population becomes ill, and 10% of the total population dies. Deaths are spread out over 24 months beginning April 1913 - April 1915. Industrial production decreases by 10% (so reduce your budgets accordingly).

So for example, if a nation has a population of 10 million and is on emergency food rationing and at war, it will see 4 million people get sick over the 2 year period of the pandamic, and 1 million of them will die. Dividing the casualties over the 24 month period means that 167000 people get sick from the disease each month, and 41000 of these die, which is enough to scare the hell out of people, create absenteesim as relatives are forced to care for the sick, crown hospitals and clincs and generally be a burden.

Which is pretty much what happened in real life. It doesn't even matter what level of social spending you have, as the Flu isn't very treatable even today.
Antibiotics to treat Flu triggered pnumoenia don't exist yet either.

Then look at your troops. So if your country has 1 million men mobilized, they are going to suffer even worse. This Flu created double casualty rates compared to the civilian population because troops naturally are crowded together in barracks or ships, or living in holes in the ground on the front. So the above nation is going to have 80% of its troops get sick (thats 800,000 men over 2 years, or 33000 casualties a month, of which 11,000 of these men are dead. The rest recover (giving you back 22,000 of these men every month).

2. Nations at war, on regular food rationing suffer 30% of the population getting ill, and military casualties of 60%. Death toll will be 20% of the civilian casualties and 25% of the military casualties dying. Production is decreased by 5%.

3. Nations at war but NOT on food rationing will suffer 20% of the population getting ill, and military casualties are 50%. Death rates are 15% of the civilian casualties and 20% of the military casualties. Production is decreased by 3%

4. Nations NOT AT WAR will suffer 10% of the population getting ill, and military casualties are 20%. Death rates are 10% of the civilian casualties and 15% of the military casualties. Production isn't effected.

There are NO remedial effects that you can take concerning this, you just have to find a way to get through it.

The Spread of the disease
The first cases ACTUALLY start in Norway and Sweden and northern England, but a British ship carrying a sick man who isn't exhibiting symptoms leaves Norway in early January, and reaches the Persian port of Bandas Abbar in early March, and the entire sick crew spreads the disease from there, hence the name Persian Flu. This of course will not be figured out until 2001.

By that point, with the start of Spring, the disease spreads out of northern Lappland and into the rest of Europe, and from there all over the world via railways and ships, and by the end of April all nations are beginning to show significant cases.

The Persian Flu
ooc
based on the Spanish Flu pandamic of 1918-19
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish_flu

This by the way is the deadliest (by far) pandamic of the 20th Century until AIDs shows up.

To determine your losses take the following steps. Determine if you are at war or not, and if you are on food rationing or emergency food rationing.

a. Casualty rate for at war, emergency food rationing is 40% of the population becomes ill, and 10% of the total population dies. Deaths are spread out over 24 months beginning April 1913 - April 1915. Industrial production decreases by 10% (so reduce your budgets accordingly).

So for example, if a nation has a population of 10 million and is on emergency food rationing and at war, it will see 4 million people get sick over the 2 year period of the pandamic, and 1 million of them will die. Dividing the casualties over the 24 month period means that 167000 people get sick from the disease each month, and 41000 of these die, which is enough to scare the hell out of people, create absenteesim as relatives are forced to care for the sick, crown hospitals and clincs and generally be a burden.

Which is pretty much what happened in real life. It doesn't even matter what level of social spending you have, as the Flu isn't very treatable even today.
Antibiotics to treat Flu triggered pnumoenia don't exist yet either.

Then look at your troops. So if your country has 1 million men mobilized, they are going to suffer even worse. This Flu created double casualty rates compared to the civilian population because troops naturally are crowded together in barracks or ships, or living in holes in the ground on the front. So the above nation is going to have 80% of its troops get sick (thats 800,000 men over 2 years, or 33000 casualties a month, of which 11,000 of these men are dead. The rest recover (giving you back 22,000 of these men every month).

2. Nations at war, on regular food rationing suffer 30% of the population getting ill, and military casualties of 60%. Death toll will be 20% of the civilian casualties and 25% of the military casualties dying. Production is decreased by 5%.

3. Nations at war but NOT on food rationing will suffer 20% of the population getting ill, and military casualties are 50%. Death rates are 15% of the civilian casualties and 20% of the military casualties. Production is decreased by 3%

4. Nations NOT AT WAR will suffer 10% of the population getting ill, and military casualties are 20%. Death rates are 10% of the civilian casualties and 15% of the military casualties. Production isn't effected.

There are NO remedial effects that you can take concerning this, you just have to find a way to get through it.


According to the Wiki article, Japanese losses were very low. Would the war change military and civilian, or would Japan's countermeasures manage to lower the rate?

According to the Wiki article, Japanese losses were very low. Would the war change military and civilian, or would Japan's countermeasures manage to lower the rate?

regretably for you, the historic Japanese didn't have millions of men in the Army deployed in a war, so they were able to quarantine effectively

Alas, you don't have that luxury because of the strain the war effort is having on Japan, and the constant need to send men to the front.

So you have to suffer the brunt of it just like everyone else. I specifically thought about that for Japan, because of the article. I will however allow you to reduce the civilian casualty rate by half, because of Japanese cultural standards of personal cleanliness. Even the poorest Japanese are practically obsessive about such things.

The troops though, are out of luck in that respect.

[OOC- I'll delete this when answered. I found the actual death tolls for Norway. Should I use those or something very close to those or your system? I didn't do the math yet, but as I have the actual number (14,600 or so Norwegians died) should I just use that?

EDIT- Using your numbers, I get something much higher than historical rates. Just so you know. I'm willing to go with whatever you decide on this issue, just want to make sure all the facts are out.]

No, because then everyone will want to look up their death rates, and its a lot of work for me. Consider it a game effect of a worsened disaster (which I occasionally roll, see the destruction of Beijing with a metorite for that one)

At this point, Siam has a large expeditionary force in Africa, but is at normal spending and has demobilized most of its men. So while Siam is technically still at war, the country is de facto at peace. Can I treat my civilian population as at peace and use wartime death rates only for the expeditionary force?

Civilian Casualties-ROC

18,500,000 sick

1,850,000 dead

At this point, Siam has a large expeditionary force in Africa, but is at normal spending and has demobilized most of its men. So while Siam is technically still at war, the country is de facto at peace. Can I treat my civilian population as at peace and use wartime death rates only for the expeditionary force?

yes

Portuguese Civillian Casulties-

Sick: 600,000

Of which dead: 60,000

Portuguese Military Casulties-

Sick: 45,600

Of which Dead: 6,800


In response to the large numbers of casulties the Interim Military government sets up large quarantine zones for the sick outside of major settlements and quarantines badly affected military units at remote bases.

Certain republican commites and workers unions start grumbling now that the attention has been turned from them.

Spain keeps its casualty figures a secret, not revealing them outward. The Spanish Health Commision instead prefers to keep silent on the matter.

regretably for you, the historic Japanese didn't have millions of men in the Army deployed in a war, so they were able to quarantine effectively

Alas, you don't have that luxury because of the strain the war effort is having on Japan, and the constant need to send men to the front.

So you have to suffer the brunt of it just like everyone else. I specifically thought about that for Japan, because of the article. I will however allow you to reduce the civilian casualty rate by half, because of Japanese cultural standards of personal cleanliness. Even the poorest Japanese are practically obsessive about such things.

The troops though, are out of luck in that respect.

fair enough, would that effect production?

Spain keeps its casualty figures a secret, not revealing them outward. The Spanish Health Commision instead prefers to keep silent on the matter.

pretty sure you have to post them, we can all tell anyway

Japanese Flu Losses:

Civilian:
Sick: 5,200,000
Dead: 780,000
Production Losses: 3%

Military:
Sick: 625,000
Dead: 125,000

Korean Losses:
Sick: 2,800,000
Dead: 420,000

Manchurian Losses:
Sick: 4,000,000
Dead: 600,000

Chinese (Han) Losses:
Sick: 15,000,000
Dead: 2,250,000

Uhh I did post the numbers. In my thread. If you want to read them, go to my thread. SPain publically is keeping it's numbers secret. By the way, your population of 45.5 Japanese seems to be suffering a little less than 20%. With 45 million you should have around 9 million sick, not 5.

Uhh I did post the numbers. In my thread. If you want to read them, go to my thread. SPain publically is keeping it's numbers secret. By the way, your population of 45.5 Japanese seems to be suffering a little less than 20%. With 45 million you should have around 9 million sick, not 5.

if you look on the last page, GB told me Japan only sufered half the civilian casualties 9RL the losses were very low, read the Wiki article)

Ahhh I see where he said it. Because of cleanliness. Gotcha. Sorry, was reading the part of the Japanese Army part that has to face the full brunt.

Ok that's explained then. Sorry bout the mistake.

And here are my figures. But the rest of the world is kept in the dark on this IC. Spain isn't releasing them.

French Flu: (Explain Why Spain calls it this in my thread.)
Civilian Casualties:4,074,400
Civilian Deaths: 611,160
Civilian Deaths Per 2 Month Turn:48,930

Military Casualties:411,500
Military Deaths: 82,300
Military Deaths Per 2 Month Turn:6,858
Takes a year to lose a corps.

26 million civilians sick

2.6 million dead

2.76 million soldiers sick

687,000 of them will die

In January, British Explorer Ernest Shackleton announced from his base near Vahsel Bay in Antarctica wonderful news. The British Empire, long the most prominant exploring nation in Antarctica (exaggerated, but what the hey), announced its claim on the entire continent, including surrounding islands and ice shelves.

While it is said that setting up permanent bases there will be impossible at this time, several old Protected Cruisers have been directed to various islands including the Falklands to begin patrols around the South Sea, with mapping expeditions planned every two years. Shackleton then sets upon his expedition to cross the Antarctic Continent to begin initial mapping expeditions so that the entirety of the newest possession of the Continent can be fully known.

fair enough, would that effect production?

treat Japan as wartime, no food rationing for production purposes

Parthini;11958386']In January, British Explorer Ernest Shackleton announced from his base near Vahsel Bay in Antarctica wonderful news. The British Empire, long the most prominant exploring nation in Antarctica (exaggerated, but what the hey), announced its claim on the entire continent, including surrounding islands and ice shelves.

While it is said that setting up permanent bases there will be impossible at this time, several old Protected Cruisers have been directed to various islands including the Falklands to begin patrols around the South Sea, with mapping expeditions planned every two years. Shackleton then sets upon his expedition to cross the Antarctic Continent to begin initial mapping expeditions so that the entirety of the newest possession of the Continent can be fully known.

Working through its official routes, Norway protests the claim of what has long been regarded as (and treated as) a neutral continent. No nation has the right to lay claim to all of Antarctica, an area long governed by agreements between nations on conduct for exploration and landings. Britain now tears apart all previous agreements and politicizes one of the last remaining bastions on this planet, a place that had remained a neutral area for exploration. It both saddnes and offends the government and the people of Norway that the British would so callously disregard both practice and precedent in an ill-advised and completely uncamoflauged attempt to create a hegemony upon the continent of Antarctica. Norway announces its intention to ignore any foreign claim to the whole of Antarctica and states that it will honor only claims that were held reasonable by prior agreements. [OOC- Which, to my understanding, are areas that were first explored by discovered by that nation. England had a lot of areas on coastlines, but the Germans, the Norwegians, the french, the Russians?, and the Americans all ahd areas that they exercised control over.]

The government's views are shared by Roald Amundsen, who begins travelling to major cities in neutral nations (including those cities in Britain that will give him a place to speak, assuming the British don't try to restrict travel) and speaking out against the British action, supported by a number of Norwegian explorers and numerous foreign (and neutral) adventurers and explorers. The Norwegian press picks up on this as well and a stream of editorials begin to be published.

[OOC- I assume, of course, that most explorers will be against this. They generally weren't a political lot and usually wanted to keep most areas in the far north and far south seperate from any national control. Needless to say, all explorers from Norway who've done anything of significance publically and loudly speak out against this and I also assume a number of foreign explorers will do the same thing. There was a reason no one ever claimed all of Antarctica IRL.]

Russian diplomats add their voices to Norway's, despite the ongoing war. That Britain would so blatantly violate standing international agreement is astounding. Russia refuses to recognize this claim.

The United States will not recognize any claims on Antarctica and is dismayed that the British would even consider such a blatant violation of international custom.

The Government of Denmark is bewildered at the British exagurated claim to the entirity of the continent of Antarctica. We see no suitable reason why the Antarctic, which is subject to a number of international understandings and agreements, should be claimed by any one single nation. The only thing we see this acheiving is annoying alot of nations that already control areas of the continent as well as nations, including Denmark which have antarctic ambitions of their own.

As such until a suitable reason for us to recognise this claim arrises we shall not do so nor bow to pressure that may be put upon us to do so.

ooc
not to sure there actually are any agreements on Antarctica yet

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antarctica#Politics

Spain states a protest, but not extremelly loud as it sees the Antartic as a waste of time as it has no real natural resources to put, and see this as Great Britain's way of just adding more land for the sake of having more land.

12 million civilians sick
1.8 million civilians die
1.25 million soldiers sick
250,000 soldiers die

The Kingdom of Portugal states it's full support over Britain's claim to Antartica.

Japan also backs Britain on its claim to Antarctica

important note: each month that the cease fire holds is considered Peace time for flu casualties, as the sick can get proper treatment from hospitals not overburdened already with battle casualties and casualties from other causes

which should reduce the death toll some

nations on food rationing and emergency food rationing can also get more food from overseas, which means nations with food rationing are able to eliminate it each month of the cease fire, and nations on emergency food rationing can reduce it to regular food rationing for each month of peace.

isn't peace a good thing? lol

Greece recognises the British Empire's claim to Antarctica.

Roald Amundsen announces the organization of a new expedition for exploratory and scientific purposes. The group is expected to set sail on a new ship, tentavely christened Maud, by early 1915. A major surprise is word that Fridtjof Nansen will accompany the expedition, something that the ex-ambassador to Great Britain verifies as fact but offers no comment on. Many observors note that it is an expedition with the most decoarted team ever assembled in Norwegian exploratory history.

Australian Flu Casualities:

Military (assuming personnel per ship is 1,000?)
26,400 ill
3,960 dead

Civilian (taking into account Aus. is due to reach 5 mill in 1915)
490,000 ill
49,000 dead


Just as a side note - while I really don't have much of an issue going along with these figures, I would like to point out that the projected death toll is nearly five times worse than in RL history under which people lived under harsher conditions due to war. In this alt. history, it just seems a little un-realistic given the benefits of not only not being at war but also reaping added benefits from higher wheat prices (not to mention the natural isolation of the country) that Australia should suffer from such an increase in casualities.

Australian Flu Casualities:

Military (assuming personnel per ship is 1,000?)
26,400 ill
3,960 dead

Civilian (taking into account Aus. is due to reach 5 mill in 1915)
490,000 ill
49,000 dead


Just as a side note - while I really don't have much of an issue going along with these figures, I would like to point out that the projected death toll is nearly five times worse than in RL history under which people lived under harsher conditions due to war. In this alt. history, it just seems a little un-realistic given the benefits of not only not being at war but also reaping added benefits from higher wheat prices (not to mention the natural isolation of the country) that Australia should suffer from such an increase in casualities.

ooc
its high true, but was worse then historical this time around

Roald Amundsen announces the organization of a new expedition for exploratory and scientific purposes. The group is expected to set sail on a new ship, tentavely christened Maud, by early 1915. A major surprise is word that Fridtjof Nansen will accompany the expedition, something that the ex-ambassador to Great Britain verifies as fact but offers no comment on. Many observors note that it is an expedition with the most decoarted team ever assembled in Norwegian exploratory history.

The United States offers to help fund Mr. Amundsen's expedition if one or two Americans can tag along. There is no desire to steal any glory from the Norwegians but should the British decide to back up their ridiculous claim to Antarctica with some sort of force, having American backing or escort might be a nice thing to possess.

Spain continues to ask Britain why it desires Antartica, and what use a frozen wasteland could have except for British pride.

In Other News:
In Morocco the government is told that funds will be sent to start the creation of a Moroccan Industrial Center in Melilla. This will help with the high unemployment in Morocco and will allow for Moroccans to have more jobs. Most of these will be lower end, except foremen who will be Moroccan due to language.

Also, a new division is to be created for the Spanish Foreign Legion, called the Moroccan Division. It will be entirely made up of loyal Moroccans who will sign for 5 years of service, which after completion will have a complete Spanish Citizienship along with voting, and a 1,000 Pesseta retirement package. (Average retirement package for FOreign Legion soldiers in Spain.)

All of this will start in 1915, but the announcements are made in mid-1914.

Anglo-Russian Accord of 1914

1. Russia agrees to withdraw all soldiers from Basra in by June 30th.
2. Britain agrees to protect Russian shipping in the Indian Ocean (Includes Red Sea to Suez, to the Cape of Good Hope, to the Straits of Molucca, to Australia)
3. Britain and Russia agree to keep all soldiers out of Basra unless the other agrees.
4. Britain and Russia will both give Basra 2 points of aid so that it can purchase a shipping unit and train an independant light infantry Brigade.
5. Britain and Russia set their spheres of influence as

Russia: North Persia, Armenia, Baghdad, with influence in Kurdistan.
Britain: Afghanistan, South Persia, Tibet with influence in Saudi Arabia.

Basra will be neutral and under neither sphere.

July 1914

Albania undergoes a coup and President Turkhan Pasha is murdered. Coup leader Essad Pasha Toptani is declared King of the newly established "Kingdom of Albania" and then promptly goes into isolation to avoid assassination.

http://forums.jolt.co.uk/showpost.php?p=12020552&postcount=53

Parthini;12020053']Anglo-Russian Accord of 1914

1. Russia agrees to withdraw all soldiers from Basra in by June 30th.
2. Britain agrees to protect Russian shipping in the Indian Ocean (Includes Red Sea to Suez, to the Cape of Good Hope, to the Straits of Molucca, to Australia)
3. Britain and Russia agree to keep all soldiers out of Basra unless the other agrees.
4. Britain and Russia will both give Basra 2 points of aid so that it can purchase a shipping unit and train an independant light infantry Brigade.
5. Britain and Russia set their spheres of influence as

Russia: North Persia, Armenia, Baghdad, with influence in Kurdistan.
Britain: Afghanistan, South Persia, Tibet with influence in Saudi Arabia.

Basra will be neutral and under neither sphere.


The Russian government duly signs the accords and on June 30th the Russian troops withdraw into Baghdad.

The head Russian diplomat expresses his hopes that this will mean more stability in the region and a closer, friendlier relationship between the two empires.

1913
the Great War enters its 3rd year, and millions are dead, more are crippled, and the war has expanded to Africa, Asia, the Indian Ocean, and most of Europe.

Civil War continues in Brazil (low level insurgency), and breaks out again in Mexico (more on this soon).

US passes the 16th Amendment to the United States Constitution is ratified authorizing the Federal government to impose and collect income tax. (ooc which is why I will now allow the US to have anything other then cut spending economic spending)

Romanov Dynasty celebrates its 300th year of rule in Russia (as much as wartime allows for anyway)

50th Anniversey of the Battle of Gettysburg is celebrated amongst much nostalgia and good feeling by veterans from the North and South

Ford motor company invents the moving assembly line (the US can build motorized units at a 25% discount beginning 1914)

The Persian Flu Pandamic begins
(see below)

1913 wrap up
peace comes with a cease fire on May 1, 1913, and a final peace treaty later that summer (signed in August)

Nobel Prizes
Physics - Heike Kamerlingh-Onnes
Chemistry - Alfred Werner
Medicine - Charles Robert Richet
Peace - Norwegian Minister of Foreign Affairs Irgens
Literature - Rabindranath Tagore

1914 Major events
The Persian Flu kills tens of millions before finally burning out in late 1914

Anglo-Russian Accord of 1914

Mexican Civil War continues
Coup and revolution in Turkey

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assyrian_Genocide occurs in Kurdistan (no Turks this time, just the Kurds)

Mussolini founds his Fascist party in Italy
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benito_Mussolini

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_Benedict_XV takes office

Panama Canal opens up for shipping

In France
Wife of French minister Joseph Caillaux shoots Gaston Calmet, the editor of Le Figaro because he threatened to publish Caillaux's love letters to her during his previous marriage. (She is later acquitted.)

January 5 - Ford Motor Company announces an eight-hour workday and a minimum wage of $5 for a day's labor

The last known passenger pigeon dies in the Cincinnati Zoo.

May 29 - The ocean liner Empress of Ireland sinks in Gulf of St. Lawrence; 1,024 lives lost. (ooc no liner unit lost though, as it was already factored into the loss of the Titantic and the liner unit destroyed then)

March 27 - Belgian surgeon A. Hustin makes the first successful blood transfusion, using anticoagulants.

Nobel prizes
Physics - Max von Laue
Chemistry- Theodore William Richards
Medicine - Robert Bárány
Literature - not awarded
Peace - Rosen of Russia and Beveridge of UK for Anglo Russian Accord

more to come

Baron Rosen is feted in Russia for his winning of the Nobel Peace Prize and awarded the Order of St. Vladmir for his continued civil service to the Empire.

(Too bad no Spanish person wins any of the Nobel Prizes til the 1920's and 30's. By the way, a question on Nobel Prizes. Does the fact that the WWI was shorter than the actual war and less bloody (If you consider 4 million not bloody) does that mean that some new people who didn't outlive the real war may still be alive. Many famous British, French, German, and Russian artists writers and such died in the war that might have lived in this one.)

Spain congradulates Russia on it's win of a Nobel Prize.

May 1914 The Berber Rebellions
Well armed with surplus (and some even brand new) weapons they recieved during the Great War, Berber and other tribes in the Sahara regions of Italian Libya, French Algeria and Spanish Sahara have been slowly preparing for the day they would liberate themselves from the Europeans

ooc
RL historic background (for Libya)
http://www.fas.org/man/crs/93-109.htm
In 1911, Italy invaded and occupied Libya during a conflict with the Ottoman Turks and their Sanusi allies, and in 1912, annexed Libya after the Ottomans declared the territory independent. The Sanusis continued the war against the Italian invaders, which placed them on the side of the Central Powers and against the Allies in World War I. When the Sanusi leader Ahmad fled to Turkey after losing a battle against Italian and British forces, his nephew Idris assumed command of the Sanusis and signed a truce with Britain in 1917. A 1920 Italian-Sanusi agreement recognized Idris as the Amir of the Libyan interior, and an autonomous subject of the Italians along the Mediterranean coast. Despite the arrangement, armed Sanusi resistance to Italian rule continued until 1931, when the Italians executed Umar al-Mukhtar, a guerrilla leader and ally of Idris.

historical background for Algeria
http://www.mongabay.com/reference/country_studies/algeria/all.html
ooc
although nothing happened historically around this time period, substantial efforts were made during the last war to stir things up. This now comes home to roost. Rebels are tribes from the Sahara region, with some along the coastal zone

Rif
background
http://www.onwar.com/aced/data/romeo/rif1919.htm

OOC
essentially in game terms tribes in Spanish Sahara, Algeria and Libya have sufficient weapons to form 3 militia cavalry divisions in each area. They however are not going to attack Colonial troops, but are instead conducting raids. In effect they are guerillas.

(Uhh Germany owns Rio Muni, not Spain. So this is a French, Italian, and German problem. Spain would be preparing, for trouble in it's neck of the woods, but right now SPanish territroy isn't in danger. I'm still confused why Germany hasn't changed the name of SPanish Sahara yet.)

(Uhh Germany owns Rio Muni, not Spain. So this is a French, Italian, and German problem. Spain would be preparing, for trouble in it's neck of the woods, but right now SPanish territroy isn't in danger. I'm still confused why Germany hasn't changed the name of SPanish Sahara yet.)

ooc
they arent attacking the Germans, they are attacking Spanish sections (and French too) of southern Morocco... which is you

The Morrocan Division of the Foreign Legion begins recruiting early. The outfitting will not be til 1915, but the Moroccan men are to be trained early, using those weapons the reserves used during the war. The point is to create an espirit de corps with the Moroccans so that they no longer care about nation, but the Legion. Being a Legionairre is all that matters. The pay and food is regular.

Spain orders the Spanish Legion to be prepared in case the Moroccans of the three enclaves start trouble. Until then, they are ordered to simply rest in their stations. No reason to get the ones who aren't riled up, bothered. Especcially with the plans to pacify the enclaves with peaceful means. And also have it work for Spain.

City Garrisons are told to watch for any subversives.

Side Note: Captain Francisco Franco volunteers for the Spanish Foreign Legion. The governor of Melilla, happy to have a veteran among the officers, recommends, and passed his rank of Major. Major Franco is given command of a company in the Light Division.

The Austro-Hungarian Empire approaches the nations of the Balkans about forming the Balkan League. The League would include non-aggression pacts between all nations, the lowering of tariffs between all nations and would create a regional council that would help deal with Balkan-related issues to prevent any conflicts and if they do start, to stop them from spreading to other parts of Europe and starting a larger war. All nations in the Balkans are approached at this time.

(I only own Northern Morocco though. Unless they are sending ships to the Canary Islands. There are no Spanish sections of SOuthern Morocco. They've been traded for years by now. 1907 really. Ceutra, RIf, and Melilla are Northern Morocco territories. Now if they are attacking SPanish Northern Morocco then they are attacking me. If they are sticking to the South, I don't own anything there anymore. But, I'll assume that they are attacking the SOuthern Parts of those Northern Moroccan enclaves in my reactions.)

.

Rio Muni
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rio_Muni
http://www.hartford-hwp.com/archives/35/243.png (modern day Equatorial Guinea)

Spanish Sahara, also known as Rio de Oro (which you got in 1884)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish_Sahara

who owns Spanish Sahara if you do not?

ethnically, these people in Spanish Sahara are as Moroccan as the Moroccans are

who owns Spanish Sahara if you do not?



France owns Spanish Sahara

Ok, you have to read the German and French threads after the Moroccan Crisis. Spain, believing that the most important and fruitful colonies in Morocco were their northern colonies, though of what to do with the colonies of Spanish Sahara. I mean in truth it's actual products are minor to none. And Spain has been thinking tactically since it lost the war with the United States. What can its navy easily protect, hell what can it's navy protect at all. Rio Muni and Rio De Oro were too far away from Spain logisitically. So in 1907, it gave the two territories to it's then allies. Germany was given Rio Muni and France as given Rio De Oro. Also they are newer. Less than a hundred years, in contrast to the Northern Enclaves which have been Spanish for 400 years.

If you want confermation, ask Safehaven and Amestria/Malkyer about the trades. SO that's who owns SPanish Sahara. I wrote it several times in the individual countries threads, and also in the OOC thread I believe. I never knew you didn't notice? Didn't you wonder about my discussion with Safehaven in the Treaty when we mentioned Rio Muni being returned to Spain, and he mentioned that he'd already absorbed it into German Karat or something. There are about 10 posts with it in there. All countries involved agreed to it.

And Ceutra,Melilla, and the RIF today do not consider themselves Moroccan. WHat they consider themselves I have no idea, but in 2006 Ceutra, Melilla, and the RIF don't really desire to become apart of Greater Morocco. What they thought in 1914 I have no idea. I just hope by 1970 in E20 that I can have that kind of success.

OOC: Why is Beveridge getting the peace prize? Or are you talking about anyone besides William Beveridge?

Parthini;12023466']OOC: Why is Beveridge getting the peace prize? Or are you talking about anyone besides William Beveridge?

He got it for the Anglo-Russian Accord and its role in preventing a war between Russia and the British Empire

Ok, you have to read the German and French threads after the Moroccan Crisis. Spain, believing that the most important and fruitful colonies in Morocco were their northern colonies, though of what to do with the colonies of Spanish Sahara. I mean in truth it's actual products are minor to none. And Spain has been thinking tactically since it lost the war with the United States. What can its navy easily protect, hell what can it's navy protect at all. Rio Muni and Rio De Oro were too far away from Spain logisitically. So in 1907, it gave the two territories to it's then allies. Germany was given Rio Muni and France as given Rio De Oro. Also they are newer. Less than a hundred years, in contrast to the Northern Enclaves which have been Spanish for 400 years.



And Ceutra,Melilla, and the RIF today do not consider themselves Moroccan. WHat they consider themselves I have no idea, but in 2006 Ceutra, Melilla, and the RIF don't really desire to become apart of Greater Morocco. What they thought in 1914 I have no idea. I just hope by 1970 in E20 that I can have that kind of success.

They consider themselves Moroccan, I was discussing the RIF, who don't consider themselves Moroccan because of differences going back a couple of centuries regarding who got to be Sultan. Ethnically they are as Moroccan and the Moroccans are.

In any event, as you don't own French Sahara (going to call it by what it is then), the French have problems with the tribes, and you don't.

Incidently, the Spanish Foreign Legion are pretty damned brutal, and are not the same as a police unit or cavalry unit as far as garrison duties are concerned.

Yeah they were pretty brutal. I'm reading the way they acted during the Spanish Civil War. And I know they aren't a police unit or garrison division. They are just stationed there. I use them as anti-insurgency units. Guerilla tactics units. And yeah ethnically they are Moroccans.

Last question before I go and change my post to reflect events. Will I be able to get Moroccans to join the Foreign Legion? I think that the rational for them doing it in real life still exists.

Also if you ever find Spanish law in relation to the African enclaves. Cause in the RIF war they mention a mosque being broken by accidental artillery fire. That must mean that Islam is at least tolerated in Spanish Morocco. Probably a good idea if it was. Keeps them pacified.

The Austro-Hungarian Empire approaches the nations of the Balkans about forming the Balkan League. The League would include non-aggression pacts between all nations, the lowering of tariffs between all nations and would create a regional council that would help deal with Balkan-related issues to prevent any conflicts and if they do start, to stop them from spreading to other parts of Europe and starting a larger war. All nations in the Balkans are approached at this time.

The Turkish Government backs Austrian idea of creating a Balkan League in order to maintain the stablity and peace of the Balkans.

Rumania expresses it's interest in this 'Balkan League' as well. Prime Minister Averescu dryly remarks that he hopes Rumania will "recieve at least some voice in the Austrian's talking shop." He also expresses his hope that "Austro-Hungry and Bulgaria respect the principles of state sovereignty that they hold so dearly, along with existing borders."

The idea is being pushed to the Rumanian parliament by a very pro-Balkan League Crown Prince Ferdinand, who has recently assumed control of his country.

In late September of 1914, King Carol I catches the flu that is currently sweeping across the world, and despite the best care his physicians can provide, dies on October 10, 1914. A period of national mourning begins the next week, and there is large state funeral, with all flags at half-mast as the ruler who led the Rumanian people through the Great War is laid to rest in Bucharest.

Crown Prince Ferdinand is scheduled to be crowned king in January of 1915.

Yeah they were pretty brutal. I'm reading the way they acted during the Spanish Civil War. And I know they aren't a police unit or garrison division. They are just stationed there. I use them as anti-insurgency units. Guerilla tactics units. And yeah ethnically they are Moroccans.

Last question before I go and change my post to reflect events. Will I be able to get Moroccans to join the Foreign Legion? I think that the rational for them doing it in real life still exists.

Also if you ever find Spanish law in relation to the African enclaves. Cause in the RIF war they mention a mosque being broken by accidental artillery fire. That must mean that Islam is at least tolerated in Spanish Morocco. Probably a good idea if it was. Keeps them pacified.

yes, Islam is allowed, and yes, some join the Spanish Foreign Legion, but they don't make up the majority.

Oddly enough, a lot of Serbs are currently in the French AND Spanish Foreign Legions

A summit (http://forums.jolt.co.uk/showpost.php?p=12028327&postcount=1) is called in Jerusalem by the French government in late 1914. Russia, Italy, Imperial China, Syria, Kurdistan, Armenia, the Persian Empire, and Baghdad are invited to attend.

May 1914 The Berber Rebellions
Well armed with surplus (and some even brand new) weapons they recieved during the Great War, Berber and other tribes in the Sahara regions of Italian Libya, French Algeria and Spanish Sahara have been slowly preparing for the day they would liberate themselves from the Europeans

ooc
RL historic background (for Libya)
http://www.fas.org/man/crs/93-109.htm
In 1911, Italy invaded and occupied Libya during a conflict with the Ottoman Turks and their Sanusi allies, and in 1912, annexed Libya after the Ottomans declared the territory independent. The Sanusis continued the war against the Italian invaders, which placed them on the side of the Central Powers and against the Allies in World War I. When the Sanusi leader Ahmad fled to Turkey after losing a battle against Italian and British forces, his nephew Idris assumed command of the Sanusis and signed a truce with Britain in 1917. A 1920 Italian-Sanusi agreement recognized Idris as the Amir of the Libyan interior, and an autonomous subject of the Italians along the Mediterranean coast. Despite the arrangement, armed Sanusi resistance to Italian rule continued until 1931, when the Italians executed Umar al-Mukhtar, a guerrilla leader and ally of Idris.

historical background for Algeria
http://www.mongabay.com/reference/country_studies/algeria/all.html
ooc
although nothing happened historically around this time period, substantial efforts were made during the last war to stir things up. This now comes home to roost. Rebels are tribes from the Sahara region, with some along the coastal zone

Rif
background
http://www.onwar.com/aced/data/romeo/rif1919.htm

OOC
essentially in game terms tribes in Spanish Sahara, Algeria and Libya have sufficient weapons to form 3 militia cavalry divisions in each area. They however are not going to attack Colonial troops, but are instead conducting raids. In effect they are guerillas.

France committs 4 corps of cavalry, 4 brigades of Legion Estranger, and 2 HQs, including 1 drawn from France, to attempt to suppress the rebellion in French Sahara and French Algeria. 2 observation plane units are converted into light bombers and take part as well. No large engagements occur, and fighting is mostly patrol actions for the remainder of the year.

French losses: 11,000 casualties
Rebels losses: 5,000 casualties (mostly dead)

Meanwhile, in Libya, Italian forces hold on to coastal enclaves and easily suppress rebels along the coastal zone, and fight numerous skirmishes as well
Italian losses 4,000
Rebel losses 5,000

OOC: When does Yuan Shikai croak so his sucessor can take over?

OOC: When does Yuan Shikai croak so his sucessor can take over?

OOC:

He already did. Look here (http://forums.jolt.co.uk/showpost.php?p=12023209&postcount=143).

By the way, Imperial China has been invited to the Jerusalem Summit (http://forums.jolt.co.uk/showthread.php?t=509444).

And did you ever get my TG?

OOC:

He already did. Look here (http://forums.jolt.co.uk/showpost.php?p=12023209&postcount=143).

By the way, Imperial China has been invited to the Jerusalem Summit (http://forums.jolt.co.uk/showthread.php?t=509444).

And did you ever get my TG?

OOC:
Ooh yay, thanks for the info.

Yeah I did get your TG and i'm actually on right now.

I'll go and look into that Jerusalem Summit.

Lt. Hendrik Olivier, Knud Johan Victor Rasmussen, and their parties leave from Rotterdam in mid-November. The two have spent the last year in Greenland training for the First Dutch/Danish Antarctic Expedition and have made a close bond. One week before they arrived to their starting point (Neumayer) a temporary base was set. On December 12 the men touched down on Antarctic and started their adventure on the frozen wasteland.

Parthini;11958386']In January, British Explorer Ernest Shackleton announced from his base near Vahsel Bay in Antarctica wonderful news. The British Empire, long the most prominant exploring nation in Antarctica (exaggerated, but what the hey), announced its claim on the entire continent, including surrounding islands and ice shelves.

While it is said that setting up permanent bases there will be impossible at this time, several old Protected Cruisers have been directed to various islands including the Falklands to begin patrols around the South Sea, with mapping expeditions planned every two years. Shackleton then sets upon his expedition to cross the Antarctic Continent to begin initial mapping expeditions so that the entirety of the newest possession of the Continent can be fully known.

Utilising the appropriate channels, expedition organisers receive word from the Australian Association for the Advancement of Science regarding one Douglas Mawson, a lecturer in geology for the University of Adelaide and a veteran of Antarctic exploration. It is stated that he is to now be considered fully recovered after his last two-year stint and is more than ready to join any future british expeditions involving Antartica should his services be desired.

ooc: reference - http://www.south-pole.com/p0000099.htm

Spain tries to work out a deal with Ford Motors to buy cars for the military as well as giving Ford deals and easy ability of selling automobiles in Spain. This would allow the growing need for automobiles in Spain to be taken care of.

Spain also starts to show displeasure that Baghdad was invited to the summit in Jerusuelem, when Spain, which sacrificed over 100,000 lives in the Great War, has been relegated to the backboard and not even asked to be put as an advisory. The idea of Spain as a grand neutral like Belguim starts to get more support as it seems that Spanish military ability is being questioned despite it's armies successes during the war.

Spain also starts to show displeasure that Baghdad was invited to the summit in Jerusuelem, when Spain, which sacrificed over 100,000 lives in the Great War, has been relegated to the backboard and not even asked to be put as an advisory. The idea of Spain as a grand neutral like Belguim starts to get more support as it seems that Spanish military ability is being questioned despite it's armies successes during the war.

The Spanish government is quietly informed that while the Allies appreciate the sacrifice and bravery of the Spanish Army, Spain's attempts to garner a separate peace with Germany and later a pact of non-aggression with the leading Coalition power severely damaged Spain's standing in the eyes of the other Allied governments.

Lt. Hendrik Olivier, Knud Johan Victor Rasmussen, and their parties return back from Antarctic as heroes. The expedition was a success and the team arrived back to Rotterdam in Mid-January. Knud Rasmussen is an honored guest in Netherlands along with his party. A party is thrown to commemorate Knud and Hendrik. Both Queen Wilhelmina and Prime Minister Pieter Cort van der Linden are there to see the two explorers. In addition pictures are shown that were taken during the expedition. One includes Lt. Hendrik Olivier and Knud Rasmussen planting down there respected flags into Antarctic.

Emperor Franz Josef Declares “The Austro-Hungarian Empire is dead.”

Emperor Franz Josef has officially declared “the Austro-Hungarian Empire is dead” in only his third address to the National Parliament since its creation. In its place Franz announced the creation of the Eastern European Empire or as it has become known in Austro-Hungarian political circles, the Imperium. This new Empire would be made up of four kingdoms; Austria, Hungary, the Kingdom of Croats, Bosnians and Slovenians, and Czechoslovakia. He also declared that much of the constitutional recommendations put forward by the National Parliament earlier this year would be included in the new constitution. Some political commentators pointed out however that the constitution the Emperor put in place greatly strengthened the Supreme Parliament at the expense of the individual Kingdoms and left the National government dominated by the Emperor who could potentially dissolve all democratic elements in the government and in public life by ‘Emergency Decree’ with the Parliament unable to stop him.

Ooc: expect a new diplo/news thread for the Imperium soon

Lt. Hendrik Olivier, Knud Johan Victor Rasmussen, and their parties return back from Antarctic as heroes. The expedition was a success and the team arrived back to Rotterdam in Mid-January. Knud Rasmussen is an honored guest in Netherlands along with his party. A party is thrown to commemorate Knud and Hendrik. Both Queen Wilhelmina and Prime Minister Pieter Cort van der Linden are there to see the two explorers. In addition pictures are shown that were taken during the expedition. One includes Lt. Hendrik Olivier and Knud Rasmussen planting down there respected flags into Antarctic.

After the Reception in Netherlands Knud Rasmussen returns back to Denmark to start preparing for a second combined Assault on the , preperation is started by a few weeks rest and then starting the Logistics of the expedition. While Knud had made a successful expedition, it was as 2IC and he wanted to lead his own Journey into the Antarctic wastes, He had selected an area around the Mawson huts to start his expedition. The change in locations would give the 20 person team a different experience. Lt. Hendrik Olivier was invited to help in the more mundane preperation for the upcoming. Knud's stature in his home land grew as he was the first Dane to head down to Antarctica and Danish public is starting to get behind the idea of a Danish presence in the antipodies of the world, as well as the collaboration with the Dutch in the exploration.

Spain, bothered that it's attempts at garnering real peace for the Allies, and having it thrown back in it's face decides to start deliberations to declare itself a full neutral. It sends representatives to Belgium and the Scandic states to see how they have been capable of holding onto a true neutrality.

After the recent incident in the Balkans, Imperial and Russian diplomats meet and hammer out the Russo-Austrian Accord in February of 1915.

Russo-Austrian Accord of 1915

As the Balkans have continually proven themselves to be unstable and both the Eastern European Empire and the Empire of Russia border said Balkan states, both the Imperium and the Empire hereby pledge that:

1. Both the Imperium and Russia will work together to mediate conflicts in the Balkans.

2. Both the Imperium and Russia will uphold the soverignty of all Balkan nations.

3. The Imperium and Russia will intervene to prevent war in the Balkans, through force if neccessary.

The Spanish government makes deals with Ford to supply the Spanish military with trucks, and also gives Ford Company precedence in selling civilian vehicles in Spain itself.

(Cylea said he'd leave it to Ford himself, but I don't think Ford would give up a chance for a monopoly in a country.)

The Spanish government makes deals with Ford to supply the Spanish military with trucks, and also gives Ford Company precedence in selling civilian vehicles in Spain itself.

(Cylea said he'd leave it to Ford himself, but I don't think Ford would give up a chance for a monopoly in a country.)

ooc
what if any subsidies are you willing to offer Ford to locate a plant in your country? Incidently, until you are tech level 5, Ford or other auto makers have no interest

Not putting a plant, selling me automobiles. I want something I can cut eventually when my own automobile industry is made. 30 or 40 years from now.

And subsidiaries? Let me see, I'd say no taxation for 10 years, with certain benefits on taxes and exemptions after that. (Ergo when I do tax them it's low.) THat's about all I can remember from economics class. I don't want to end up like Mexico with too many foreign investments.

And I'll be tech lvl 5 in 1917. Soooo I'll want to know the beefing up in agriculture and resources I get when I reach tech lvl 5 in about a week or two.

The Next World's Fair will be held in Rome in 1918.

Major events 1915
Major earthquake in Avezzano, Italy kills 12,000 (no game effect)
First full length motion picture premiers in US (Birth of a Nation)

Nobel Prizes
* Chemistry - Richard Willstätter
* Literature - Romain Rolland
* Medicine - not awarded
* Peace - not awarded
* Physics - William Henry Bragg and William Lawrence Bragg

France continues to deal with native uprisings in Algeria and French Sahara, Italy continues to deal with native uprisings in Libya.

US occupies northern Mexico and Mexican Rebels occupy Mexico City, overthrowing Huerta.

Islam is divided further when the Coalition essentially gets the Mufti of Jerusalem declared the new Caliph by Moslem leaders they have influence with, while the Moslem leaders that the British have influence over continue to recognize the present Caliph (the last Sultan of the Ottoman Empire) who is now living in exile, with Sharif Husseini, who controls Mecca, recognized as his successor when he passes away.

The Imperium hereby calls for the creation of the League to deal with the consistent and historic problems of the Balkans. This would include; the Imperium, Montenegro, Albania, Bulgaria, Romania, Greece and Turkey as voting members and Russia receiving a non-voting seat in recognition of its influence in the Balkans. By joining the League, all nations whether voting or not, would be required to recognize the current borders as legitimate and permanent, pledge to protect all ethnicities within their borders and to sign a non-aggression pact with all other League members. The purpose of this League is to deal with all Balkan-related matters in a peaceful and fair manner so that any violence is snuffed out before allowed to blossom.

The Spanish queen appoints Dámaso Berenguer as succesor to Prime Minister Weyler, who is set to retire in 1916.

Prime Minister Weyler dies of a stroke at the age of 78 in April of 1916. (He had more stress and the higher deaths caused by the influenza would have given him a rather nasty bout of it.)

Dámaso Berenguer to be made Prime Minister on May 1st, 1916.

(Basically my government makes it's change a few months earlier than I'd planned originally.)

In a quiet ceremony in the heart of Vienna, Crown Prince Karl I married British Princess Mary. ( http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary%2C_Princess_Royal_and_Countess_of_Harewood ) The ceremony came as a shock to many members of the Imperium who were not aware of the extent of Karl’s involvement with the Princess who he met in his recent diplomatic missions to the United Kingdom.

ooc: obviously Lefty knows about this, and gave me his blessing

The expedition into Antarctica was a complete success the 2 explorers Knud Johan Victor Rasmussen and Dutchman Lt. Hendrik Olivier. They where greeted at the docks of Copenhagen by quite a reasonable crowd of onlookers and well-wishes as they landed at the pier.

The 2 attended a function held by the Danish Geographical Society that night in which was attended by King Christian X, who gave a speech appaulding the efforts of the 2 explorers,commenting on the beneficial and positive relations between the Danish and Dutch peoples as a result of their combined efforts on the Antarctic continent. Comments where made about Antarctica being an international area and while no comments where made specifically related to the English claim on the entire continent, mainly because he did give the claim any credance and did not want to validate it any further.

At the end of the words from the King there was a small presentation by the president of the Danish Geographical Society, in a surprise presentation the president of the Society presented the Dutch Leutenant with full membership into the Danish Geographical Societ which participation into Danish Geographical Society expeditions to Greenland as well as access to the full range of resources and contacts. The Leutenant is the first non-Danish citizen to be inducted into it's halls of the well respected Danish Institution.

In a quiet ceremony in the heart of Vienna, Crown Prince Karl I married British Princess Mary. ( http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary%2C_Princess_Royal_and_Countess_of_Harewood ) The ceremony came as a shock to many members of the Imperium who were not aware of the extent of Karl’s involvement with the Princess who he met in his recent diplomatic missions to the United Kingdom.

ooc: obviously Lefty knows about this, and gave me his blessing

Noooo, she was supposed to marry a Greek. Incidentally, this woman gave birth to the current president of my favourite football team, Leeds United.

Major RL Extremist figures as of 1916
Joseph Stalin – escaped exile in Siberia, currently in hiding in Georgia
Vladimir Lenin – currently in exile in Switzerland
Leon Trotsky – currently living in United States and runs a Socialist newspaper

The Bolsheviks have at this point been marginalized by the success of relative liberalism in Russia, and the Mensheviks are gaining ground in Russia and undercutting the appeal of the Bolsheviks. However, Lenin and Trotsky are very influential as writers. For now, the Communists are still waiting for their chance.

Socialism is at this point the main leftists ideology, and has strong roots now in Germany, Italy, France, Austria, and to a lesser extent, the United States.


Adolf Hitler – decorated veteran of the Austrian Army, with service in the Balkans against the Greeks, and in the Ukraine against the Russians. He reached the final rank of Sergeant, serving with Arthur Seyss-Inquart. Both men are organizing a new ultra nationalists political party aimed at unifying all of the Germanic peoples and cleansing Germanic territories of non Germans. The actual extent of what they define as Germanic territories has not yet been defined. The first step was the formation of the Heimwehr, a growing network of Austrian German soldiers demobilized from the last war. They have already form ties with radical right ex soldiers in Germany and,oddly enough, in Italy.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur_Seyss-Inquart

Benito Mussolini – decorated veteran of the Italian Army and served in the Balkans against the Turks and Bulgarians, and was wounded, finishing up the rest of the war at home. A noted political writer before the war and has become so again, and his works have been avidly read by Hitler and Seyss-Inquart among others in Austria. A member of the Fascist Party and has become its leader, and was elected to Parliament in 1916.

Has grand plans for the future and his party is gaining ground and is becoming a large force in Italian politics, with tens of thousands of members, most of them ex soldiers.

In Germany, a proto Fascist party, the Thule Society, is gaining support among disillusioned veterans as well. Its leader, Adolf Drexler, is also a fan of Mussolini’s writings and has met with Austrian ultranationalists, including Hitler and Seyss-Inquart

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thule_Society

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anton_Drexler

Fascism is gaining ground quickly in Italy, and becoming a serious movement in Austria and to a lesser extent, Germany.

Noooo, she was supposed to marry a Greek. Incidentally, this woman gave birth to the current president of my favourite football team, Leeds United.

OOC: This time around she, at age 18, married the sickly (if charming) Karl I, Crown Prince of Austria-Hungry (now the Imperium). Actually I believe you may have the Mary's mixed up, this Princess Mary, Victoria Alexandra Alice Mary Lascelles, née Saxe-Coburg-Gotha, in RL married Henry Lascelles, the 6th Earl of Harewood (an English peerage).

Incidentally, Princess Mary will give Karl three children. On January 7th, 1917, Mary will give birth to a daughter, the Archduchess Charlotte. On August 21st, 1918, Mary will give birth to her second child, the Crown Prince Otto von Habsburg. In 1919 she will give birth to her last child, the Archduke Robert.

Over the years it also turns out she has a keen interest in interior decoration and in farming pursuits, becoming an expert in both the interior decoration of the various Habsburg Estates and cattle breeding.

1916: Poland approves new constitution. Bicameral republic formally established. The constitution allegedly gives greater powers to Presidency than earlier drafts. Legislative elections set for March 1917, President Josef Piludski will be subject for election (by Sejm and Senate), in 1921 (a 7 year term beginning in 1914).

OOC: This time around she, at age 18, married the sickly (if charming) Karl I, Crown Prince of Austria-Hungry (now the Imperium). Actually I believe you may have the Mary's mixed up, this Princess Mary, Victoria Alexandra Alice Mary Lascelles, née Saxe-Coburg-Gotha, in RL married Henry Lascelles, the 6th Earl of Harewood (an English peerage).

No, a marriage was proposed in RL between her and a member of the Greek royal family, but it never happened. The current Earl of Harewood as stated before is the current President of Leeds United FC.

April 1916, The king still thinking about the latest successful expedition by Knud and Hendrik seeing that still the British claim over the entirity of the continent, it's Ice Shelves and Islands. After a brief discussion with his advisors it is realised that should the current situation exist into the long term dramatic problems could very easily arrise and the time frame for resolving this is closing.

A few days later the solution to the problem had been decided, all those nations that had stakes in the continent, those that had sent expeditions to the continent, after some searching through records the following list had been collated of all those nations that had sent expeditions to Antarctica, those nations being... England, Australia, Norway, Denmark, Netherlands, Germany, France and Sweden.

Invitations had been sent out by the foreign ministry to all the following nations asking them to come to Copenhagen in June to sit down and discuss the current situation, the Antarctic Discussion Forum. (http://forums.jolt.co.uk/showthread.php?t=510831)

Norway quietly prods the Danes to include the Americans and Russians, two very influential nations who have both undertaken much exploration into the Artic (and, in 1916, Antarctic).

After further reasearch it was realised that the Russians where the nation to find Antarctica, The United States of America had an expedition, United States Exploring Expedition (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Exploring_Expedition) and so did the Belgians (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belgian_Antarctic_Expedition)

further space is arranged should representatives wish to come.

April 1916
A late season storm smashes into the Netherlands, killing 10,000 people and inflicting severe damage in the coastal regions

ooc
historically happened in January but variable dates used

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zuiderzee

IC
Dutch Parliament calls for a massive national project to prevent such an occurance in the future and to drain the Zuider Zee and claim it as farmland.

OOC
This will cost the Netherlands 2 points a year for 50 years basically. However, beginning after 10 years, the Netherlands will gain 2 points every 5 years in food production.

Short term effect for 1916 is that Netherlands suffers the loss of 25% of all income due to severe damage suffered.

OOC: So is 25% only in the Netherlands? I really don't understand what it means. If it is only 25% of the whole economy that would be only 24.82. So that means it would be about all my production centers in the Netherlands, meaning the 3 in Rotterdam and 3 in Amsterdam. Also is this only for 1917 build right and everything should return to normal in 1918?

OOC: So is 25% only in the Netherlands? I really don't understand what it means. If it is only 25% of the whole economy that would be only 24.82. So that means it would be about all my production centers in the Netherlands, meaning the 3 in Rotterdam and 3 in Amsterdam. Also is this only for 1917 build right and everything should return to normal in 1918?

it represents a major hit to your total income this year, as in 1916, where 25% of your points are now gone. Which means time for an emergency 1916 budget. Your production centers aren't damaged so much as major loss of earnings caused by disruption to the economy because of a disaster

Next years budget will be normal, except that you will have to spend 2 points a year for the next 50 years draining the Zuider Zee

By late 1916 shipping companies and merchantmen begin to notice that pirates have essentially vanished from China’s waters owing to the various actions by KMT, Imperial China, the US Navy, and the Royal Navy all aimed at suppressing them.

it represents a major hit to your total income this year, as in 1916, where 25% of your points are now gone. Which means time for an emergency 1916 budget. Your production centers aren't damaged so much as major loss of earnings caused by disruption to the economy because of a disaster

Next years budget will be normal, except that you will have to spend 2 points a year for the next 50 years draining the Zuider Zee

Okay thanks. I was just a little confused by what you said. I shall have a new build for 1916 up soon.

In late 1916, a group of French and Rumanian investors collaborate to form the Français-Dacian Compagnie Aéronautique, a Zeppelin-based airline service with stops in Paris, Marseilles, Rome, Athens, and Bucharest. Currently the airline operates several Zeppelins (ooc: two Zeppelin units), though plans are made to expand the airline and increase the number of routes and destinations in the near future; some even talk of a Transatlantic flight, and destinations in Asia and Africa…

Ejnar Mikkelsen (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ejnar_Mikkelsen), a Danish explorer had been spending quite a reasonable time preparing for an expedition for what many thought to be Greenland, however on the day he left for his expedition he announced his true intention.

On the wharf ready to depart he gave a small speech. "Greetings, today. I sail off to explore not the land of Greenland, as many of you have been led to beleive. Instead today, I, Ejnar Mikkelsen will be the first Danish explorer to reach the North Pole. On this strudy ship I will sail up into the Arctic Circle land on the Ice cap and make my way towards the the Geographical North Pole. Farewell and I'll be returning with the Danish flag flying at the North Pole."

And with that he turned and walked up the gang plank onto the ship which minutes later started on it's way to what in the end would become an ill-fated adventure.

The journey started with no sign of the bad things that would happen, infact they reached where they would drop off the exploratory team in virtually no time at all. Once the team had left it was discovered that a crucial piece of equipment had been left behind, a weapon to defend against Polar bear attack. They had other methods of dealing with the Polar Bears but the lack of a gun, any decent firearm, would start off a chain events that lead to the tragic death of a number of the exploration team.

It was expected that the team would come across at least one Polar Bear during their exploration and and infact they did come across a Polar Bear, some of the items which included the American designed Flare gun (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flare_gun) and other items that where thought to provide a measure of defense against Polar Bears. However the Polar Bear in which they where inevitably to come across just dodged his head out of the way and kept coming. Obviously the Polar Bear wanted something to eat.

The exploration team fled leaving the sled behind... While fleeing the explorers came upon a crevasse in the ice a narrow natural bridge was there, it had not yet collapsed. The explorers dashed across there beleiving the bear would not cross it as it obviously would not hold the weight of that monster. However the bear in pursuit knocked the sled. The issue with that is the flow of the ice from where the sled was knocked to, was down. So the sled started to gain speed as it slid down the ice towards the crevasse previously mentioned, collecting few people on it's way and head first into the crevasse. The bodies fell hard and by the time the managed to absail down the cervasse to the bottom, the Bear had lost interest at this point. All they found where the mangled bodies of 3 members of the expedition, already dead. They managed to, after a long struggle, lift the bodies out of the crevasse and with th sleds gone, containing vital equipment and food. They had no choice but to return back to the coast and live of the fish that they can catch on the coast of the Ice Shelf.

They returned to Denmark solenmly and had a memorial service for the three that had lost their lives. They where buried in the ice and snow of the Arctic. There was no grand ceremony just Ejnar Mikkelsen, the surving expedition including ship crew and families of the dead explorers. Thus where the danger's of exploring

OOC: Regarding the Turkish Straits, there has been some confusion as to whether the Turkish Republic could legally bar warships from using them. As of 1917 the only internationally recognized binding agreements still in force regarding the Straits is contained within the mostly defunct thirty-nine year old Treaty of San Stefano and the 1878 Treaty of Berlin.

In Article 24 of of the San Stefano Treaty it states that the Straits — the Bosporus and the Dardanelles — are open to all neutral ships in war and peacetime.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_of_San_Stefano#On_Russia_and_the_Ottoman_Empire

Section 2 of the Berlin Treaty slightly amends this:

"Under the Treaty of Berlin, the Dardanelles strait, controlled by Turkey, would not allow the passage of warships of any country to or from the Black Sea..."

However one must question if the 1878 Berlin Treaty is still in effect concerning the Straits given that the Ottoman Empire, the German Empire, and Austria-Hungry shamelessly violated it during the Great War.

OOC: Although it must be noted that under the 1878 Treaty of Berlin, no warships are allowed passage through the Bosphorus to or from the Black Sea.

This was a pain to the Russian Empire and a great factor in the RL Bosnian crisis of 1909 (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_annexation_of_Bosnia_Hertzegovina):

Section 2: The secret negotiations, Paragraph 2, First Line:

"Under the Treaty of Berlin, the Dardanelles strait, controlled by Turkey, would not allow the passage of warships of any country to or from the Black Sea..."

A conference of Rubber producing countries is hosted in Rio de Janeiro in July, 1917 in hopes of regulating a stable, high price for rubber. Invited nations include Britain, Belgium, the Netherlands, Siam, and Germany, although any other rubber exporters are allowed. Brazilian representitives propose an international cartel (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cartel) be established in order to increase export profits for all involved nations and prevent a glut in the market due to competition.

Siam comes to the conference and agrees to join the cartel.

OOC: Although it must be noted that under the 1878 Treaty of Berlin, no warships are allowed passage through the Bosphorus to or from the Black Sea.

This was a pain to the Russian Empire and a great factor in the RL Bosnian crisis of 1909 (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_annexation_of_Bosnia_Hertzegovina):

Section 2: The secret negotiations, Paragraph 2, First Line:

"Under the Treaty of Berlin, the Dardanelles strait, controlled by Turkey, would not allow the passage of warships of any country to or from the Black Sea..."


Hence why the Black Sea fleet didn't join the Baltic fleet when it went to Japan during the Russo-Japanese war.

OOC: Although it must be noted that under the 1878 Treaty of Berlin, no warships are allowed passage through the Bosphorus to or from the Black Sea.

This was a pain to the Russian Empire and a great factor in the RL Bosnian crisis of 1909 (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_annexation_of_Bosnia_Hertzegovina):

Section 2: The secret negotiations, Paragraph 2, First Line:

"Under the Treaty of Berlin, the Dardanelles strait, controlled by Turkey, would not allow the passage of warships of any country to or from the Black Sea..."

Hence why the Black Sea fleet didn't join the Baltic fleet when it went to Japan during the Russo-Japanese war.

OOC: However one must question if the 1878 Berlin Treaty is still in effect concerning the Straits given that the Ottoman Empire, the German Empire, and Austria-Hungry shamelessly violated it during the Great War.

OOC: At this point it is clear that ambiguity exists. Further discussion should be taken off this thread and moved to the OOC thread or, if appropriate, an IC thread.

In 1917 Poland has its first free elections, replacing the provisional government. However, a constitutional battle appears on the horizon, over the 1924 appointment of the President. According to the Constitution, the President should be appointed by the Legislature. However, 1924 is both an election year and the end of President Pilsudski's term, leading to debate over whether the appointment of the President should be the final act of the old legislature or the first act of the new.

A conference of Rubber producing countries is hosted in Rio de Janeiro in July, 1917 in hopes of regulating a stable, high price for rubber. Invited nations include Britain, Belgium, the Netherlands, Siam, and Germany, although any other rubber exporters are allowed. Brazilian representitives propose an international cartel (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cartel) be established in order to increase export profits for all involved nations and prevent a glut in the market due to competition.
Belgium agrees to attend the meeting in Brazil, and King Albert shows enthusiam towards the idea (OOC: why don't we call it Rupec :D)

The Dutch agrees to send a representative to the meeting in Rio de Janeiro. The current Prime Minister Cort van der Linden thinks the cartel as an excellent idea, but the real decision will have to be made by the next Prime Minister.

In late September of 1917 the Dutch General Election occurs and the first to have universal suffrage in the Netherlands. The elections start to show change as it full represents the people of the Netherlands. With the Roman-Catholic State Party as the largest party in the Tweede Kamer, the Tweede Kamer has appointed Charles Ruijs de Beerenbrouck as the new Prime Minister.

1917 Dutch General Election:
Tweede Kamer (Second Chamber)

Anti Revolutionary Party: 13
Christian Historical Union: 9
Freethinking Democratic League: 7
League of Free Liberals: 8
Liberal Union: 8
Roman Catholic League of Electoral Associations: 30
Social Democratic Workers' Party: 25
Total: 100

Kaiser Franz Joseph I of Austria dies on October 21st, 1917, at the age of 87 in the Imperial Palace in Vienna. Though sick for quite some time, with Crown Prince Karl filling in much of his duties, his death came as a shock to most of the Imperial Court and to the general public. Crown Prince Karl, who was meeting with the regional parliament of the Kingdom of Croats, Bosnians, and Slovenians, issued a statement calling for the Imperium to remain calm and to remember the Kaiser’s dream of a unified Imperium.

As of 1917 Joseph’s 69-year reign is the second longest in European History (the longest is that of Louis XIV of France, the Sun King, who reigned for 72 years).

Among the Heads of States who are invited to Kaiser Karl I's coronation include those from Germany, Bulgaria, Japan, Turkey, Russia, England, Italy, the Baltic nations, Poland, and Macedonia. Notably, France, Rumania, Greece and Russia’s ‘puppets’ as the Imperium’s press names them, are specifically not invited.

Japan mourns for the great Emperor's death, and agrees to attend Karl's coronation.

1917 Halifax Explosion: Two freighters collide in Halifax Harbour at Halifax Nova Scotia and cause a huge explosion that kills at least 1963 people, injures 9000 and destroys part of the city. Until Hiroshima, this was the biggest manmade explosion.

ooc
Halifax is reduced from a major to a minor port until such time as 3 points of repairs are made by Canada. Naval base at Halifax is destroyed and will have to be replaced.

Kaiser Franz Joseph I of Austria dies on October 21st, 1917, at the age of 87 in the Imperial Palace in Vienna. Though sick for quite some time, with Crown Prince Karl filling in much of his duties, his death came as a shock to most of the Imperial Court and to the general public. Crown Prince Karl, who was meeting with the regional parliament of the Kingdom of Croats, Bosnians, and Slovenians, issued a statement calling for the Imperium to remain calm and to remember the Kaiser’s dream of a unified Imperium.

As of 1917 Joseph’s 69-year reign is the second longest in European History (the longest is that of Louis XIV of France, the Sun King, who reigned for 72 years).

Among the Heads of States who are invited to Kaiser Karl I's coronation include those from Germany, Bulgaria, Japan, Turkey, Russia, England, Italy, the Baltic nations, Poland, and Macedonia. Notably, France, Rumania, Greece and Russia’s ‘puppets’ as the Imperium’s press names them, are specifically not invited.


Reaction to the death of the Emperor tends toward the "what possible difference does it make" side in Serbia and Serbian ethnic areas in the Empire.

International reaction for the most part is indifferent. Only the peoples of the Imperium seem to care too much.

Among the Heads of States who are invited to Kaiser Karl I's coronation include those from Germany, Bulgaria, Japan, Turkey, Russia, England, Italy, the Baltic nations, Poland, and Macedonia. Notably, France, Rumania, Greece and Russia’s ‘puppets’ as the Imperium’s press names them, are specifically not invited.

OOC: Backdated to 1917

IC: The Russian government politely informs the Austro-Hungarians that, to protest the totally unreasonable snub of their noble and honorable ally, France, their representatives will not be attending the coronation.

With typical sarcastic nastiness the 16 year old Grand Duchess Anastasia is heard to remark to the French Ambassador that “Emperor Karl shows all the attributes of a trivial man.” She followed up her comment with a wicked observation, “The very first thing Karl did was issue a call for calm and unity. You can tell that Franz Joseph was well loved.”

Update concerning Major RL Extremist figures

Joseph Stalin, 1917 – became an editor for Pravda, the official Bolshevik newspaper.

Joseph Stalin, June 1918 – is rearrested when the Russian police shut down Pravda and as a result is once again exiled to Siberia.

British Colonial Rubber Managers agree to attend the Brazilian conference.

Troubles in the United States 1919

In January, former President Theodore Roosevelt falls ill to Malaria while visiting Panama, and in spite of efforts to save him, passes away on January 6. The nation mourns his passing.

(ooc his real date of death, but from malaria caught in 1913).

During 1919, the Socialists and those further to the Left find themselves increasingly under suspicion because of Communist involvement in the recently ended Mexican Civil War and the 3 year American involvement there. Although the Democrats have taken part of their agenda, the Progressive elements of the Republican Party are increasingly outnumbered by more conservative elements, and hopes for better working conditions, minimum wage laws and other reforms have not gained ground as the Congress and the President are unable to reach agreement.

Meanwhile, racism and the backlash from Reconstruction have reached its height in much of the United States, almost entirely aimed at Blacks, but also other races as well.

From May – October 1919, over 20 riots of a serious nature occur that require intervention by Federal troops, and this will cause much damage to the Presidency of Charles Evans Hughes. Among the more serious riots are the May Riots in Cleveland, the Omaha Riot, the Elaine Riot in Arkansas, and will eventually be called the Red Summer of 1919.

OOC links
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/May_Day_Riots_of_1919
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elaine_Race_Riot
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Omaha_Riot
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_Summer_of_1919

Game effect
US growth reduced from 4% to 3% this year.

The US also suffers a serious natural disaster this year as a massive hurricane, called the Florida Keys Hurricane (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1919_Florida_Keys_Hurricane)
Inflicts serious damage to South Texas (OOC US food production reduced by 30 points this year, and 10 points lost as well to economic disruption). Over 600 Americans are also killed as well.

The United States as a result of this year will pass both the 18th Amendment (Prohibition, as social reformers and the religious blame the evils of drink on some of the rioting) and the 19th Amendment (Women get the vote, in hopes that women will vote for reformers and ‘decent’ men).

Troubles in the British Empire 1919

In Canada, long standing issues over working conditions, the still mostly extractive nature of the Canadian economy (and its basic role as a supplier of raw materials to the Americans and British), the fact that Canada has not had a Progressive Era like the Americans had, and growing popularity (in spite of the Mexican Civil War) of Socialism brings about a serious and very influential general strike in Winnepeg beginning in June 1919.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winnipeg_General_Strike

OOC
Canadian Parliament is going push for level 3 social spending in Canada

IC
Meanwhile, in India, although heading toward the road of becoming a Dominion, and in spite of notable efforts by the British to keep the lid on, a local situation develops in Armitsar, Punjab that will bring about a permanent shift in the mood of Indians of all religions. A British general orders his troops to fire into a crowd, and hundreds are killed, and suddenly, Ghandi and his followers have a priceless bit of propaganda.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amritsar_Massacre

ooc
The impact of this is going to be big, but over the long run

Meanwhile, the South Africans are pushing for more autonomy in their country (see previous post by Lightning Star)

Meanwhile in Korea, despairing that liberation from outside forces will never come, with increased Japanese police activity and repression, and other Japanese activities and actions, Korean Nationalists become restive.

On March 1, 1919, a demonstration breaks out in Seoul that quickly over the course of the week spreads throughout the country. The local Japanese commander and viceroy orders a crackdown, and nearly 8,000 Koreans are killed and many thousands imprisoned as a result.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/March_1st_Movement

ooc
game effect: Korean resources and production reduced by 25% this year

Troubles in the United States 1919

In January, former President Theodore Roosevelt falls ill to Malaria while visiting Panama, and in spite of efforts to save him, passes away on January 6. The nation mourns his passing.


Prime Minister Stolypin is shocked and saddened by the news of Roosevelt's passing and the flag at the Russian embassy in Washington D.C. is flown at half-mast to mourn the passing of one of Russia's greatest friends and supporters during the war.

The Duma and State Council approve a measure providing funds for the construction of a small, modest statue of the late President in Petrograd.

Prime Minister Ruijs de Beerenbrouck, along with most of the Second Chamber (Tweede Kamer), is stunned to hear the death of the former President Theodore Roosevelt. He has been noted as saying "An era has ended in America. A man who was both a Warrior and a Peacemaker. He had something that everyone should find and embrace." At the Dutch embassy in Washington D.C. the flag is at half staff for thirty days to remember the greatness that was know as Theodore Roosevelt.

Like the Russians and the Dutch, the French order their embassy in Washington to fly the tricolore at half-staff in mourning. In an open letter to several major US newspapers, President Clemenceau and Minister of Marine Reynaud posthumously thank Roosevelt for his aid and support during the Great War, and refer to the late President as a great friend of Liberty.

In a brief ceremony, President Clemenceau declares Roosevelt to be an honorary member of the Légion d’Honneur.

Japan laments the loss of a great president, although they came to arguments, Teddy Roosevelt shaped America.

In response to the Korean revolts, Japan sends the two police divisions into Seoul and the surrounding area to ensure the revolt is stamped out. The Japanese Governor-General and his korean counterpart call for calm

The army and police units are ordered to take only steps that are necessary, and any atrocities committed will be met with a harsh response.

King Albert also orders the Belgian flag flown at half mast, and makes a short speech, calling Roosevelt a "man of deciveness and dedication", but many ignore his speech as a cheap attempt to gain a bit of favor with the US.

Madrid sets a day of mourning for the American President. Relations between the two nations have improved immensily during President Roosevelt's term, and Spain considers the peace and prosperity it enjoys with the United States directly involved. The Spanish Ambassador to the United States has changed with the new President, but the older Ambassador, still on staff asks if he may attend the funeral.

Spain's Imperial Flag stays at half mast, as does the newer Republican Flag that has started to appear on some party buildings. (Not official flag.) A semi-funeral march is made by hundreds of Spanish-American War veterans in respect of a man who despite fighting against them, they'd always respected.

The current problems of the Washington Treaty, and the anti-American feelings caused by it are forgotten for a time.

Danish Embassy in America has it's flag flown at half-mast in respect for a great man in which Dano-American relations have certainly been strengthened.

The Danish Ambassador passes on a message written in the hand of King Christian Xth of Denmark offering his deepest condolences and sympathies for the death of a great man, making his mark not only on the US but the world and who's legacy is sure to live on.

In late 1919, a new and extremely Right-Wing political party known as the Legiunea Arhanghelul Mihail (Legion of the Archangel Michael) (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iron_Guard) is formed in Rumania, and is led (among others) by a young Army officer named Ion Victor Antonescu (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ion_Antonescu) and a politician, Alexandru C. Cuza (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A.C._Cuza). A paramilitary arm of the party is formed soon after, called the Garda de Fier (Iron Guard). A young Corneliu Zelea Codreanu (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corneliu_Zelea_Codreanu), a recent graduate of the military school at Bacău, is one of the members. This branch of the party is commonly known as Cămăşile verzi, or Greenshirts after the green uniforms they wear.

The party calls for closer ties with Tzarist Russia, the return of Dobruja to Rumania, and the unification of Transylvania with Rumania, though the government does it's best to clamp down on these last sentiments, as a treaty with the Imperium has voided all Rumanian claims on Transylvania in exchange for a non-aggression pact. The party is also virulently anti-Semitic, anti-Communist, anti-liberal, and anti-parliamentary. The League presents itself as an alternative to corrupt, clientelist parties. rrently, it's membership consists mostly of disgruntled Army men and veterans of the last two wars who are disgruntled and angered over Rumania's short stick.

Extremism in Europe 1919

The defining event so far this century has been the Great War (1911-13), with its millions of casualties, and the inconclusive nature of the result. Nearly all of the nations involved, and their peoples, were left after the war with the feeling of a conflict postponed instead of a conflict resolved. With no clear winner, nearly everyone feels in some way that their nation was something of a loser, as practically every nation involved lost territory in some form or fashion.

The worst of this feeling is in Central and Southern Europe. The Serbs are now a conquered people, the Rumanians have lost access to the sea, the Greeks lost part of what they view as historical Greek Thrace, the Italians feels they spent tens of thousands of men to acquire nothing more then the island of Rhodes, the Czechs, Slovaks and Hungarians find themselves still ruled by Austrian Germans, and even the newly establish state of Poland has historical lands ruled by the Germans, Austrians and Russian who crushed their state in the 18th Century.

Meanwhile, many Germans feel they were robbed of victory by American interference and threats to intervene, forced to settle for a draw that stripped away Alsace Lorraine and the Germans living there from Germany. The Russians feel robbed of immense amounts of territory because they were attacked without just cause by the Germans. The French feel robbed by the Siamese and Japanese, who stole Indochina and who effectively drove them out of the Far East. The Japanese found themselves humiliated and defeated by the Russians and worse, the Chinese, and Imperial China of course felt it was attacked by the Japanese barbarians, who got away lightly and worse yet, have the heretical KMT government to their south who seem to be in bed with those very same Japanese barbarians.

The relief that the greeted the end of the war is fading fast, and new voices are beginning to speak, and more importantly, be heard after a few years of peace and the shock and pain of the war and its effects fades away.

The Left is unhappy, because they viewed the last war as being one group of capitalist and feudal elites dragging their proletariats into war with anther group of capitalist and feudal elites and their proletariats. Men like Lenin (Russia), Bela Kun (Hungary), Franz Mehring (Germany) Henri Guilbeaux (France), and Boris Souvarine (France), are all deeply dissappointed to have apparently missed their chance to overthrow the old regimes while the possibility existed during the war. They wait their chance, and are organizing labor and intellectuals for a future bid for power and the Revolution.


(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A9la_Kun)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franz_Erdmann_Mehring
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henri_Guilbeaux
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boris_Souvarine

Meanwhile, the Right is unhappy as well. Ultranationalist leaders in Germany and Austria are already pushing to take power, as is Mussolini in Italy.

http://forums.jolt.co.uk/showpost.php?p=12079316&postcount=194

Other ultranationalists like General Lundendorf in Germany, Admiral Horthy in the Eastern Empire, and Charles Maurras, Marcel Deat, and General Petain of France are also coming to the fore.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Maurras
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marcel_D%C3%A9at
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippe_P%C3%A9tain
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erich_Ludendorff
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikl%C3%B3s_Horthy

ooc
game effect: At this point, the ultra Right and the ultra Left each have support from about 10% of the population of Germany, France, and the Eastern Empire. The numbers are closer to 25% ultra right and ultra left in Italy. Any major upheaval at this point will inflate those numbers substantially, and already in Italy, due to domestic reasons (mainly the charisma of Mussolini), these numbers are increasing rapidly for the ultra right.

IC
Meanwhile, in Nationalist China, the communists are organizing steadily and increasingly effectively in the cities along the coast. Dodging police, losing members by the hundreds to arrests, the survivors are becoming dangerously effective.

The Republic of China regrets the loss of President Roosevelt, who was a great friend to the Republic and a man who shook the world. He will be missed.

SIC:

Meanwhile, the KMT quietly meets to discuss the situation in the cities, with the increasing rise of Socialist activity in the cities. In response, a Dual Policy of land reform to prevent the plague from spreading and increased police action is agreed upon to contain the Reds.

The threats of ultra left and ultra right factions in the rest of Europe is severly watched by the Berenger regime in Spain. The ill will of "The Pointless War" has been thought of constantly by the new government. THe Weyler Regime was thankfully superceded peacefully with the death of General Weyler, though General Berenger had to work hard to keep the former Weyler staff in some kind of job.

The SPanish goverment pushes working together. Balance is the word for the new Cortes, so that all parties may work together. The threat of communists is a continual reminder, and the Civil Guard is kept on constant work to root them out, and monitor them. Anarchists are even thought of as a bigger threat, and the Assault Guard is kept on constant alert to root them out and dispose of the Anarchists under the laws enacted in 1906.

Mostly the government tries to keep a balance between the four major parties, using it's utmost to allow the development of a new culture with progress as it's main goal. All new laws are made to have progress and SPanish culture in mind. (Ergo keep the Franco balance between everything about 20 years earlier. Franco did a damn fine job of keeping alot of the groups of Spain in a constant balance.)
------------------------
Spain spends most of it's time in International areas trying to progress it's neutral standing in the world. Hopefully the NAP with Germany will hold.

A conference of Rubber producing countries is hosted in Rio de Janeiro in July, 1917 in hopes of regulating a stable, high price for rubber. Invited nations include Britain, Belgium, the Netherlands, Siam, and Germany, although any other rubber exporters are allowed. Brazilian representitives propose an international cartel (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cartel) be established in order to increase export profits for all involved nations and prevent a glut in the market due to competition.

(1918)

Germany agree's to attend the Cartel.

In Russia, Grand Duchess Anastasia is crowned Empress Anastasia the First or Russia. The coronation is an important event, with many foriegn delegates invited to attend.

The Coronation of Empress Anastasia the First (http://forums.jolt.co.uk/showpost.php?p=12177491&postcount=101)

Summer and Fall 1919
A wave of strikes hits France, Spain, Italy, Germany, the Imperium, Poland, and Russia as leftist unions push for better working conditions and more democracy.

Meanwhile, pro Right parties gain ground in reaction as traditional minded people, tradesmen, small business owners, and managers react to what they see as a form of anarchy.


ooc
game effect: no growth this year for those countries. Also, both the far Right and the far Left gain an additional 5% of the population each (see above posts for where they are now). Incidently, crackdowns will triggering rioting that has the same effect as the strikes, and some uncertainty causes a mini recession.

The KMT publishes this decree in Fall 1919--

"Regarding the present increase in seditious activity in the coastal cities--

It will not be tolerated. Agents of groups aligning themselves with Socialism and Communism threaten the Republic's moral integrity and the ability of people to do business. However, we recognize that this threat may spread. Therefore--

1. A general amnesty will be offered to all those that pledge loyalty to the government of the Republic of China, and the Nationalist Party of the Republic of China. We will not hesitate to use the Special Republican Peacekeeping Force to put down those who deny amnesty and defy the Government. Socialists beware!

2. A general system of land reform shall be implemented to improve the lives of the people of the Republic in rural regions.

3. In addition, the Republic, to show it is not barbaric, will grant old age pensions and pensions to those disabled on the job. Also, we will institute a minimum wage, to ensure that those working can earn a decent livelihood (OOC: Covered under Level 2 Social Spending)."

In an effort to relieve tensions and to defuse the strike situation, Stolypin meets personally with the strike leaders in Petrograd. The police are ordered to leave peaceful strikers alone and prevent people from attacking the strikers in retribution. Violence is to be avoided at all costs.

In the meeting, Stolypin at first scolds the leaders of the strikers for disrupting the internal workings of the country while it is attempting to industrialize and increase the living quality of all Russians. He also refers to the fact that Russia remains surrounded by Japan on the one side and the Germans and the Austro-Hungarians on the other. He also scolds them for not working through their representatives in the Duma and the political process.

However, he does promise them that the government will be passing legislation to increase the level of social spending across all of Russia, not merely the cities. He also assures them that he will personally work towards legislation protecting workers and improving working conditions, as well as a gradual extension of the franchise over the next decade. He hopes that they will work with him and help Russia by ending the strike.

Summer and Fall 1919
A wave of strikes hits France, Spain, Italy, Germany, the Imperium, Poland, and Russia as leftist unions push for better working conditions and more democracy.

Meanwhile, pro Right parties gain ground in reaction as traditional minded people, tradesmen, small business owners, and managers react to what they see as a form of anarchy.


ooc
game effect: no growth this year for those countries. Also, both the far Right and the far Left gain an additional 5% of the population each (see above posts for where they are now). Incidently, crackdowns will triggering rioting that has the same effect as the strikes, and some uncertainty causes a mini recession.
OOC: Out of curiosity, is there any effective action to be taken? Social services are currently at their maximum, and the first elections were just in 1917.

Also, since the Polish Ultra Right number's weren't mentioned in the original Far Right post, would 15% total be a good number? In between the recent riots and original support (if the President is an UR, there has to be some popular support.)

OOC: Out of curiosity, is there any effective action to be taken? Social services are currently at their maximum, and the first elections were just in 1917.

OOC: High social services do not necessarily mean good working conditions (in Canada, Germany, and the US they are at level III and still there are protests), keep in mind that those the strikers/activists have a beef with are private organizations and industries (the government though can pass laws that force those private organizations to comply with the striker’s demands). Poland also has a healthy Socialist Party whose leadership led it to independence (albeit with German support) during the Great War (so it has a great deal of legitimacy). Also, Poland is infamous for its oppressive chauvinistic landowners, especially in Eastern Poland where they tend to rule over and oppress peasants who are non-Polish (these landowners are also pretty much ultra-rightists who will oppose to the hilt any reform, be their opposition by the political process, intrigue or outright violence...they are infamous for good reason).

As for the elections, they were roughly three years ago and Poland is hardly a well established democracy (see eastern landlords). There is a significant division between the left and right in Poland (not just the far right and the far left, people of moderate opinions are polarized) that during the period of Russian rule took on the form of a mini-civil war (the battle being over which direction was best for the achievement of Polish independence).

Prime Minister Giovanni Giolitti and his government, unnerved by the strikes, the economic disruption, and the rise of the far left, asks the ultra-right, particularly Mussolini’s Fascists, to form paramilitary groups and break the strikes.

OOC: Out of curiosity, is there any effective action to be taken? Social services are currently at their maximum, and the first elections were just in 1917.

Also, since the Polish Ultra Right number's weren't mentioned in the original Far Right post, would 15% total be a good number? In between the recent riots and original support (if the President is an UR, there has to be some popular support.)

ooc
mainly this simulates the wave of Socialism that was sweeping Europe during this time period, substantially reduced by the fact that there is no Soviet Union. In short, the Communists and Socialists want to change things, and are making an effort. Look at the bright side, it could be a lot worse. Polish ultra right is the same numbers as Polish ultra left as this point. 10% both sides, with gains for both during this time period.

Prime Minister Berenguer calls an emergency meeting of the Cortes. The Socialists Party of Spain is asked to speak to the strikers to see what they want, and to see what kinde of compromise can be made. The start of the Land Reform laws begins in 1921, and SPain does not want riots in it's streets. But the working condiutions of the average Spanish (Especcially the new coal miners in the Northern Region.) becomes a question. With no actual supporting laws for their workers, the COrtes is put into service to find what would be appropriate, and what would allow business owners to still make profits despite their risks. Berenguer uses this to push throught he Land Reform (Which is rather fair toe veryone I believe) and to find out other ways for those in the cities of growing SPain.

The Civil Guard is taken to surround groups of protesters, and to watch for any signs of violence. If peaceful, the crowds are allowed to protest under the "legallity laws" of 1909. While not allowed to block traffic, private businesses are told that perhaps talking is best at this time. Socialist representatives are told that Spain can not rush these things, and to pervay that to the strikers. Best to use the Socialists SPanish (Who are a legal party) to calm things down. If violent, the Civil Guard is told to meet whatever is used. If clubs, use clubs. If the crowd uses guns, then their hands are tied. But let the protestors make the first move.

Other news, the debates over the elections of governors for the provindeces has passed. THe highest elected official has currently been the mayor of a Spanish city. City politics have ruled supreme since 1907. Now, govenrors of the provinces have been allowed to be elected. While this seems a step forward, most land owners are the only ones who can afford seats, and with the land reform laws becoming law in 1921, it's a new avenue for them to get into. Still, they have to convince the public to elect them.
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Monarchists push for Fedrick to be allowed the monarchy after his great aunt passes away. THough of German decent, he's a hero to the Carlists who see his fighting for SPain against his Bovarian father and the two Spanish wives he's had as a sign that he's culturally chosen his Spanish heritage. THere is a debate over the continuation of the monarchy, but in truth the fact that Fedrick is not an aboslute monarchist and actually believes in constitutional monarchy means that those against him are few and between. Therefore it's almost a foregone conclusion.

The Kingdom will start 1920 with a new Prime Minister (Niels Eden), Several new ministers (Agriculture - Annette Sonderen, Interior - Johannes Taverna and Home Secretary - Former Prime Minister Arvid Lindman) in the Lower Chamber of the Riksdag due to the biggest parliamentary shake-up since 1906.