NationStates Jolt Archive

OOC: This is the new South African thread for E20. If you aren't part of E20, don't post here. As before, the first page will contain basic factbook information. Subsequent posts will contain news items, diplomatic statements, and declarations of war. The old new thread can be found here (http://forums.jolt.co.uk/showthread.php?t=435350).

The Republic of South Africa
Die Republiek van Suid Afrika
IRiphabliki yaseNingizimu Afrika [Zulu]
IRiphabliki yaseAzania [Xhosa]
IRiphabliki yeSewula Afrika [Ndebele]
Rephaboliki ya Afrika-Borwa [Sepedi]
Rephaboliki ya Afrika Borwa [Sesotho]
Rephaboliki ya Aforika Borwa [Setswana]
IRiphabhulikhi yeNingizimu Afrika [SiSwati]
Riphabuliki ya Afurika Tshipembe [Tshivenda]
Riphabliki ra Afrika Dzonga [Xitsonga]
Die Republik von Südafrika [German]
A República de Suláfrica [Portugese]

N.B. Most Xhosa do not refer to the Republic as "South Africa," instead calling it "Azania," a name which does not reflect the country's colonial and Euro-centric past.


Map of South Africa (http://www.who.int/hac/crises/international/safrica/Southern_africa_bw.jpg) [everything in light grey except for Angola and Mozambique]
Flag of South Africa (http://flagspot.net/images/z/za-1928.gif)

Population as of 1970: 47,107,000
14.4% European-6.8 million
73.2% African-34.5 million
5.5% Coloured-2.6 million
6.5% Asian-3.1 million

Note: "Coloured" is not an official term, but rather an idiomatic term describing anyone of mixed race or Khoisan descent. "Baster" is a similar colloquialism in Southwest Africa.

Namibia, thanks to the influx of nearly a million German immigrants following the Twighlight War, is the only majority-white political entity in Africa. As of 1970, 72% of the population is either German or Afrikaner.

Total Land Area:
Absolute: 4,524,769 sq. km
Comparative: About 1/2 the size of the United States
Population Density:
10 people/sq. km

Religion:
Freedom of religion is guaranteed in the South African constitution, though it is not uncommon for memebers of the government to hold seminary degrees. Cabinets meetings, Volksraad sessions, and political speeches usually open and close with prayer.

Close to half the population of South Africa belongs to the Dutch Reformed Church, and a quarter belongs to the Anglican or Methodist Churches. The remaining quarter is divided between Catholicism, Judaism, Islam, native religions, and Christian-native "creolized" religions.

Major Cities:
Pretoria (capital)
Cape Town (Kaapstad)
Bloemfontein
Durban
Johannesburg
Luderitz
Windhoek
Salisbury
Diego Suarez

Administrative Divisions and Colonial Trusts:

Provinces
Transvaal
Orange Free State
Cape Province
Natal
Namibia
Botswana
Malegasi
Lesotho
Rhodesia
Zambia

Protectorates
Swaziland
Nyasaland

UN Mandates
Angola

Official Languages:
Afrikaans
English
German [Namibia]
Portugese [Angola]
isiZulu
isiXhosa
isiNdebele
Sepedi
Sesotho
Setswana
SiSwati
Tshivenda
Xitsonga

N.B. South Africa has 13 official languages (though German and Portugese have official status only in Southwest Africa and Angola, respectively), the most of any country in the world. Of these, four are Indo-European (Afrikaans, English, German, and Portugese) and nine are Bantu derivatives. Of the African languages, two major language families are represented. The Nguni family (Zulu, Xhosa, SiSwati, and Ndebele) are predominant in the eastern and southern coastal areas, and the Sotho branch of languages (Sesotho, Setswana, Xitsonga, Tshivenda, Sepedi) are dominant in the western and interior regions of the country. The languages within one family are generally mutually intelligible; for example, a Zulu speaker can easily understand a Xhosa speaker, and so on.

National Anthem
God Bless Africa

N.B. "God Bless Africa" replaced "Die Stem van Suid Afrika" (The Call of South Africa) as the national anthem in late 1961. The new anthem includes verses from both "Die Stem" and the ANC hymn "Nkosi Sikelel' iAfrika", and incorporates five of South Africa's official languages.

National Holidays
Independence Day (May 10th)
Day of the Vow (December 16th)
Foundation Day (April 6th)
Federation Day (February 11th)

Major Political Parties-Represenation in Government as of 1958:
Progressive-Federal Party (P. van Aarten/K. Farai)-90 seats
African National Congress (N. Mandela/W. Sisulu)-BANNED
Conservative Party (P.W. Botha)- 21 seats
Party for the Democratic Representation of Minorities (A. Gupta)-11 seats
Minor Parties-8 seats

The Progressive-Federal Party Party leads the government, with a majority in the South African parliament, the Volksraad ("People's Council). The Volksraad has 130 seats, and is split between two houses, the National Assemby (similar to the UK House of Commons or US House of Representatives) and the Staatsraad (similar to the UK House of Lords or US Senate). The second-largest party, the Conservatives, which descended from the now-defunct National Party, is the loyal opposition. The Conservative Party is decidely less racist than its NP predecessor, and is conservative in the European sense of the word.

The 1953 election was the first nationwide election in which Africans were able to vote unhindered. The election saw the National Party fall to become the fourth-largest party in the Volksraad, and numerous smaller parties merge with larger ones. The SACP, illegal since 1955, merged with the ANC that year. Both parties are now banned.

Some Important People:
President: Piet van Aarten (Progressive-Federal Party)
Deputy President: Kibwe Farai (Progressive-Federal Party)
Minister of Internal Affairs: P.W. Botha (Conservative Party)
Minister of Information and Justice: Simba Sithembile (Progressive-Federal Party)
Minister of External Affairs: Sefu Boipelo (Progressive-Federal Party)
Minister of Defense, Transportation, and Energy: Arjun Doss (Progressive-Federal Party)
United Nations Ambassador: Kim Ahn (Progressive-Federal Party)
Minister to the Commonwealth: Jacob Bongani (Progressive-Federal Party)
Mayor of Windhoek: Hubertus Hohenzollern (Teutonic Party, former Emperor of Germany)

Internationally Famous Corporations and Institutions:
DeBeers Diamond Company
Johannesburg Gold Exchange
University of the Witwatersrand
University of Stellenbosch
South African Military Academy

Economic Overview:
The RSA is fiercely free-market, with property rights being held sacrosanct. That being said, however, it is not uncommon for the government of the present Republic, and the Boer Republics before it, to have autocratic tendencies, especially during wartime and periods of civil unrest.

Currency
South African Rand
1SAR=£1UK

Prinicipal Exports
Gold, diamonds, platinum, chromium, sugarcane, citrus fruit.

The RSA is the world's largest producer of gold, platinum, and chromium. During the economic crash and the famines following the Twilight War, South African foodstuffs were exported to countries across the globe.

Prinicipal Imports
Machinery and equipment, chemicals, petroleum products, scientific instruments.

Major Railways:
Luderitz-Prieska-Bloemfontein
Cape Town-Bloemfontein-Salisbury*
Bloemfontein-Johannesburg-Pretoria-Salisbury*
Johannesburg-Durban

*This line is part of the Cape-to-Cairo railway, and for the purposes of this chart represents the remainder of said railway.

Airlines:
Air South Africa, founded 1939
Kaap Luchtwegen, founded 1938 [National Airline, airports in most major cities and towns]
Southern Airways, founded 1952
VeldtAir, founded 1952 [International Airline]
Südwest Afrika Fluggesellschaften, founded 1952 [National Airline, operates mainly in Southwest Africa]

Major Airports:
Pretoria-Kruger International Airport
Cape Town-Cape Town International
Durban-Jan van Riebeeck Airport
Salisbury- Rhodes International
Johannesburg-Jan Smuts Airport

Foreign Relations, 1970:

Friendly
Great Britain
United States
Canada
New Zealand
Ireland
Australia
Japan
Germany
Nigeria
Korea
Oman
Western Arabia

Neutral
Yugoslavia
Brazil
Mexico
Belgium
Burgundy
Spain
France
China
Russia
Portugal
India
FNS
Italy
Liberia
Morocco
Algeria
Ethiopia
Scandic Union

Hostile
None

Membership in International Organizations:

Commonwealth of Nations
United Nations [charter member]
UN Security Council [permenant seat]
Treaty of Dar-es-Salaam [signatory]

South African Defense Force 1971:

Army:
1 Armored Division (elite)
3 Mechanized Divisions (elite)
2 Parachute Brigades (elite)
1 Commando "Recce" Battalion (handpicked)
1 HQ unit
1 Mechanized Flak Brigade (average)
9 Attack Helicopter squadrons
9 Transport Helicopter squadrons
9 Cargo Helicopter squadrons
24 Elite Pilots

Reserve Army
1 Garrison Unit-Pretoria
1 Garrison Unit-Johannesburg
1 Garrison Unit-Cape Town
1 Garrison Unit-Salisbury
1 Garrison Unit-Gaborone
1 Garrison Unit-Livingstone
1 Garrison Unit-Windhoek
1 Garrison Unit-Walvis Bay
1 Garrison Unit-Kimberly
1 Garrison Unit-Bloemfontein
1 Garrison Unit-Diego Suarez
1 Garrison Unit-Durban
1 Garrison Unit-Port Elizabeth
1 Garrison Unit-Prieska

[I]Staatspolitie [State Police]
4x Militia Unit [authoritarian]
1x SGG-2 (SF counter-terrorism battaltion, handpicked)

Navy:
1 CVA
1 Heavy Air Wing (includes F14s)
2 Tech 8 missile cruisers
6 Tech 7 destroyers
4 Tech 8 ASW frigates
1 1st generation SSNC
1 3rd generation SSN
1 coastal patrol unit
1 amphibious assault group
1 marine light infantry brigade (elite)
Laid up: 2 tech 8 cruisers

Heavy Air Wing:
2 F14 squadrons
2 F4G squadrons
2 A6 squadrons
1 E2/S2 squadron
1 tech 8 ASW helicopter squadron
8 elite pilots

High Seas (First) Fleet:
1 CVA [I]Van Riebeeck
2 Missile Cruisers Natal and Isandlwana
6 destroyers (tech 7)
4 ASW frigates
3rd Gen SSN Assegai

Air Force:
18 x Cheetah (Kfir) squadrons
2 x B70 squadrons
2 C130 squadrons
2 C123 squadrons
4 KC135 squadrons
2 E3 AEW squadrons
39 x elite pilots

Desert Storage:
6 C141 squadrons

SADF has a NTC, Top Gun School, national air defense radar system, space program has tracking stations and is tied in with Commonwealth and North American countries.

From: British Government
To: PM Jan Smuts

Dear Sir,

I can confirm that following the recent war the colonies of North and South Rhodesia, and the Nysaland protectorate have become more dependent upon your nation for protection and aid. Therefore it is my great pleasure that I can announce the transferral of ownership of these colonies to your government, following successful plebescites within the areas in question to assertain public opinion. It is likely that these plebescites will return the view that membership of the South African Union is a good idea. I thankyou for your continued support of the British government in this and other matters.

In the US, the Washington Post reports that the Truman Administration is in favor of the transfer. As the US government spent billions of dollars (ooc when billions was a lot of money) helping to develop the region it's considered a strong endorsement for South Africa.

The Union of South Africa thanks the American government for its endorsement, and assures the British that plebicites will be held in each colony before formal transfer of power.

In accordance with agreements made with the British government, plebicites have been held in the Rhodesia and in Nysaland. All three territories have voted to join the Union of South Africa; Northern and Southern Rhodesia will become colonial trust territories similar to Bechunanaland or Basutoland, and Nysaland will maintain its protectorate status.

Some critics have claimed that the results of the plebicites in Northern Rhodesia and Nysaland are illegitimate, as many residents in these areas are poor and illiterate, and thus unable to make an educated choice. Claims of illegitimacy in Southern Rhodesia have also been made, though these are claimed to be the result of election tampering on the part of whites in Salisbury.

Many government officials, including Interior Minister D.F. Malan, have brushed aside these claims as "baseless."

My teacher's from Africa:D

Dear Sir,

I am writing to you in response to a matter brought to me by the Federated Asian States' government. That is of the matter of the readmission of the FAS into the Commonwealth of Nations and subject to all the rights and responsibilities thereof. The FAS had previously been a member of Commonwealth under the auspices of India, the only change to the composition is the inclusion of Iran and Afghanistan which were both previously ruled by Britain for a period of time and hence legally allowed to be a member of the Commonwealth. All that is required is a vote from all Commonwealth nations as to whether to allow the readmission of the FAS. This vote will be conducted at our next meeting session.

Patrick Gordon Walker, British Secretary of State for Commonwealth Relations

OOC: a yes or no in reply to this post or on my news thread will suffice.

OOC: Sorry more Commonwealth stuff:

Sirs,
I speak before you today to bring you news of a German proposal for the Commonwealth. The German government wishes to extend the Treaty of Daresalaam to cover the entire Commonwealth of Nations instead of just Britain. This treaty has lain dormant since it's first inception in 1906 and the resultant absorption of Germany by the Union. However since the UN has smashed the Communist threat and the rightful German government replaced at the head of Germany the treaty has been reactivated and applied to the UK. The treaty calls for all signatories to support others in times of war by indirect means such as the supply of foodstuffs or ammunition. The treaty also allows signatories the limited rights to harbour warships in each other's ports. It is Britain's intent to vote for the application of such a useful defensive treaty to the Commonwealth and I believe that such an arrangement can only further Commonwealth ties with Europe and the rest of the world as a whole. However Britain will abide by whatever majority decision is reached.

Patrick Gordon Walker, British Secretary of State for Commonwealth Relations

Sirs,
I speak before you today to bring you news of a German proposal for the Commonwealth. The German government wishes to extend the Treaty of Daresalaam to cover the entire Commonwealth of Nations instead of just Britain. This treaty has lain dormant since it's first inception in 1906 and the resultant absorption of Germany by the Union. However since the UN has smashed the Communist threat and the rightful German government replaced at the head of Germany the treaty has been reactivated and applied to the UK. The treaty calls for all signatories to support others in times of war by indirect means such as the supply of foodstuffs or ammunition. The treaty also allows signatories the limited rights to harbour warships in each other's ports. It is Britain's intent to vote for the application of such a useful defensive treaty to the Commonwealth and I believe that such an arrangement can only further Commonwealth ties with Europe and the rest of the world as a whole. However Britain will abide by whatever majority decision is reached.

Patrick Gordon Walker, British Secretary of State for Commonwealth Relations

Mr. Walker,

South Africa will support this treaty, but reserves to right not to commit its armed forces to assist a signatory nation that aggressively begins a conflict.

Ambrose Fischer,
Minister to the Commonwealth

The Kaiser, making his goodwill tour across the Empire, wishes to make a stay in South Africa to discuss the treaty and the future. After all, part of Germany's old empire is now in South Africa and he would much like to see it.

The Kaiser is welcome in South Africa, and surely many of the old German upper class who emigrated to Southwest Africa would enjoyed a speech by the Kaiser. He is invited to speak or tour the country as he wishes. However, the Union government politely emphasizes the fact that Southwest Africa is now a province of South Africa.

New Commonwealth Discussion Thread (http://forums.jolt.co.uk/showthread.php?p=10411597)

Leadership Change in Staatpolitie
Andries Rhoodie announced his formal retirement from the office of Commandant of the State Police today. This development comes on the heels of his 70th birthday, and according to the Commandant, "After having talked, we [the Prime Minister and the Commandant] agreed with me that it was time to see some new leadership in the office of Commandant. I have led the State Police from its inception in 1922. I am proud of my career."

Replacing Rhoodie will be Johannes ten Koop, a relatively young man who served as a captain with the First Mechanized Division in Ukraine and in the Ural Mountains during the Third Great War.

Ten Koop has stated that as Commandant-General he will greatly reform the State Police, in order to allow them to deal with domestic and external threats with greater efficiency and success. Said ten Koop, "I hope to greatly expand the SP's funding in the 1947 budget." Both Rhoodie and ten Koop have denied that this reforming has anything to do with the recent policies by the Portugese government in its African colonies, the two largest of which border South Africa.

OoC: I will be out of town from tommorrow morning (EST) until sometime late Tuesday afternoon. I don't imagine anything urgent will come up during that time, but if it does, I suppose you should contact Galveston Bay.

War Hero Appointed to Government Post
Prime Minister Smuts has appointed General Piet van Aarten, who served with distinction in the War of Communist Aggression, to fill the post of Defense Minister, following the current Minister's resignation due to health reasons. Some observers have speculated that this may be an attempt by Smuts to use van Aarten's status as a decorated soldier to draw votes away from the National Party in next year's election.

Van Aartern, whose 1st Transvaal Highlanders Regiment led South African forces to numerous victories in the Middle East and Ural Mountains, was promoted to the rank of lieutenant-general last year and placed on General Sieks' staff.

Van Aarten's appointment has earned much criticism from the National Party, who view the General to be an Anglophile and a liberal. These claims are not entirely baseless; van Aarten has published two books in which he espouses classic liberalism and the need for a close relationship with the British Empire and the United States. His first work, 1939-1942: The Watershed Years, was popular among whites in South Africa, who thought it a first-rate account of the Third Great War. His second book, The Pen In My Hand, was the object of much contempt among hardline Afrikaners. The book urged reconciliation between Anglos and Afrikaners in South Africa, made evident by its title, which is the same in both English and Afrikaans.

Despite van Aarten's mixed popularity, Smuts has stood by his decision, saying that "Piet is the most qualified person available for the vacant Cabinet post."

Political Rally Becomes Violent
A demonstration by the Youth League of the African National Congress turned violent today when a group of some two hundred students clashed with police in Kliptown, south of Johannesburg.

The Youth League rally was orginally supposed to coincide with a National Party rally in the town's park, to serve as a counter-demonstration. Roughly ten minutes into the rally, the leaders of the respective groups began exchanging insults, and police were forced to create a barrier between the two groups. The situation deteriorated further when gunshots erupted from the National Party side of the police barricade, creating general panic and chaos among the crowd as a whole.

Kliptown police, assisted by State Police, were successful in breaking up the ensuing riots, although doing so resulted in the deaths of two police, five National Party demonstrators, and eight Youth League members. Many more on all sides were injured.

Lawyers Walter Sisulu and Nelson Mandela, who organized the Youth League counter-demonstration, blamed the National Party and the Kliptown police for the deaths of the protesters. "Had the police been as concerned with our safety as with that of the white men, those fifteen people would still be living," said Sisulu.

Mandela was quoted as saying, "I hope the government in Pretoria sees this for what it is. The National Party wants a fight, and the African people, who have for so long been the downtrodden in their own country, are willing to join in that fight, and are prepared for it."

Stephen Joura, the National Party's Kliptown boss, blamed the Youth League for the breakdown in order, and denied that the gunshots came from the NP side of the barricade. According to Joura, the National Party demonstration had "only the most peaceful of intentions."

The State Police have reportedly begun monitoring the activities of the three leaders of the riot, but officials in Pretoria have neither confirmed nor denied these rumors.

OOC: Is South Africa still a Boer run, apartheid society?

OOC: Is South Africa still a Boer run, apartheid society?

OOC: Much like in real history South Africa is esstentially a Boer state, though apartheid has not yet been implemented (it wasn't historically until the National Party won the 1948 election), and there is significant opposition to formal segregation. South Africa before the July election is pretty much the same as the US in 1948 as far as legalized racism is concerned. Blacks actually have more power in E20, since they can (theoretically) vote in all five provinces, instead of just the Cape.

Lines Drawn for Election
Interior Minister Daniel Malan announced today that he will run again for the office of Prime Minister in the July election. Malan stated that under continued United Party leadership, South Africa will only spiral down into a cycle of conflict, instability, and economic recession. He also declared that it is past time to end "the self-perpetuating oligarchy that is the current government of our nation."

Jan Smuts is only the fourth executive officer of South Africa in 68 years (excepting the period from 1902-1906 when South Africa was divided into four British colonies); he has served three terms as Prime Minister: 1919-1924 (following Louis Botha's death), and 1939-1948. he has spent 16 years in office, a time exceed only by Paul Kruger. Despite concerns over his age, Smuts has made public no intention of not running in the 1948 election race.

It remains to be seen how well Malan's remarks will be recieved by the voting public, as the state of the South African union seems stronger than ever (ooc: in this timeline, the United Party has presided over unprecedented prosperity and prestige for South Africa, rather than economic stagnation and international mediocrity). In addition, Smuts has maintained a relatively high level of popularity among the public, moreso than his predecessor, James Hertzog.

Election Results In; Smuts Wins Fourth Term!

With the final numbers coming in from the provinces, it has become clear that Jan Christiaan Smuts has won the election, and will continue to lead the Union for another five years. The United Party gained a significant percentage of seats in the Volksraad, a victory attributed to the great prosperity achieved by Smuts' government in the postwar years.

According to supporters and critics alike, Smuts' victory hinged on two factors: isolationism and the black vote.

In perhaps the wisest political move of his career, Smuts held back the fiery rhetoric of his previous campaigns, and stated that "for the foreseeable future, South Africa will look first to the problems of South Africa, rather than the problems of the world." It was not an unknown fact that prior to the war many Afrikaners had tired of Smuts' commitment to the international community, and withdrawing some of that commitment may have been the death knell of the National Party in this eleciton.

Smuts was also unprecedent in his Party's attempts to garner the black vote. Although many blacks do not vote, United Party officials were bent on swaying those who do. These black votes, combined with Smuts' slim majority of the white electorate and overwhelming following among Asian voters, cost his opponent Malan the election.

Malan was quoted as saying "[The] National Party has not given up our agenda for South Africa; we shall run again in 1953, and we shall carry the day."

Smuts has chosen to keep Jozua Naude as his State President, and has appointed Defense Minister van Aarten to be the Deputy Prime Minister.

Fagan Commission Publishes Report
The Fagan Commission, which was set up by the United Party last year, has published its findings on the effects of racial segregation in South African society, particularly in urban areas.

Since 1945, black Africans have formed a majority of the workforce in South Africa's cities and towns. According to the Fagan Report, segregation in cities must end, in order to allow a free flow of labor, and to prevent the problem of migrant labor living in distant rural areas. The Report also states that complete segregation of races, which is the goal of the National party, is utterly impossible, given the migration of Africans to the cities, and the lack of an African reserve.

Several National Party leaders have made talk of creating a commission of their own, and Daniel Malan has himself stated that the Afrikaner population is being swamped and must act to seperate the races. Deputy Prime Minister van Aarten publicly mocked Malan, stating that "if our colleagues in the National Party feel so strongly, then perhaps they should appeal for the creation of their own reserve."

PM Smuts is fully expected to act on the Fagan Commission's reports in coming legislative sessions.

A New Era Begins as Government Espouses Reconciliation and Equality

Although 1949 saw much effort on the part of the National Party to block progressive United Party legislation in the Volksraad, the Labour Party MPs' shift to the United camp at the end of last year broke the deadlock, allowing Smuts' government to force through much which they had been unable to previously.

The most important and far-reaching of the new legislation is the Civil Rights Act of 1949, derided by the National Party as a threat to internal security and a threat to the Boer nation, which has officially ended segregation in the cities of South Africa, and forbids discrimination because of race or religion. Other provisions of the Act promote the integration of schools, the desegregation of the Defense Force, and emphasis on equal voting rights for blacks in all provinces. Africans will no longer be prevented from running for political office in any province, though Smuts' government has urged people o all races to vote for public officials based on their qualifications and not their race. The Act also repeals the Land Act of 1923, which prevented blacks from owning large pieces of land.

Although nothing is yet official, it is widely believed that the two main African political groups, the Xhosa-led African National Congress and the predominately Zulu Inkatha Party will both field political candidates in the 1953 national elections. It is possible that the South African Communist Party will pick up additional seats as well in the Volksraad.

The Act has been criticized by both conservate whites and liberal blacks, who say that the Act goes too far or that the government will be unable to enforce the Act, respectively.

Prime Minister Smuts has announced that he will be taking a hiatus to his farm of Doornkloof, near the town of Irene outside of Pretoria. A spokesman has cited health issues, though Smuts has assured he will continued to carry out his duties as Prime Minister, with Deputy PM van Aarten handling most of the mundane work of Smuts' office.

Jan Christiaan Smuts Dies; South Africa in Mourning

September 11th, 1950
Prime Minister J.C. Smuts died today at his family farm of Doornkloof, Irene, outside of Pretoria. Smuts turned 80 this past May, and moved back to his family farm shortly thereafter due to ill health.

Acting Prime Minister Piet van Aarten has declared a week of mourning in South Africa, and decreed that for one month all South African flags will be flown at half-staff. According to van Aarten, "The last of the Old Boers has passed on, and the era of bad blood between the peoples of South Africa may now come to a close. A unified and free South Africa was Jan's dream, but for too much of his life people remembered only Hertzog, Kruger, Botha, Rhodes, Jameson, de Wet, Churchill, and de la Rey. May we now move on in peace and prosperity."

Afrikaner and African alike noted the passing of Jan Smuts with grief, as was expressed by one Nelson Mandela, a lawyer from the Transkei region of Natal. "Of all the Afrikaners, Smuts was the most far-sighted to lead the Union in its early days, and all black Africans owe him a debt that we cannot repay. Smuts ended the injustice that has so long plagued our nation, and we may best serve his memory by continuing to exercise the democratic and liberal processes which he so highly valued.

Leader of the Opposition and Chairman of the National Party Daniel F. Malan credited Smuts with being an "honest politician, and an honest man. He will be greatly missed in the arena of politics."

According to Smuts' wishes, he will be cremated and his ashes scattered on Smuts Koppie near Doornkloof.

the USA sends its official regrets, and President Eisenhower will attend the funeral as well as visit to discuss further development of Africa.

Speaker Kim Gu of Korea sends his condolences, saying, "Mr. Smuts was a man committed to good government, and the peace of his nation. May he rest in peace."

Mr. Kim will also fly to South Africa to attend the funeral.

Britain's condolences are made known. Much of the Senior cabinet wll attend the funeral including the PM. King George VI has also expressed an interest in attending, though his failing health may soon prohibit international tavel (early stages of lung cancer).

All of Germany sends her condolences. The Germanic people have lost yet another great man who will be greatly missed. Dr Eckener as well as Prince Friedrich will attend. It is also said that the Kaiser will attend, although he has become very ill lately.

Muhammad Naguib, President of the Sudanese Republic, has announced that he will attend the funeral in rememberance of a fellow supporter of democracy and the death of segregation.

The Commonwealth of Australia and New Zealand sends its heartfelt regret over the passing of Mr. Smuts to the South African nation, a great man who was always a friend to our nation. Prime Minister Menzies and his cabinet plan to attend the funeral.

Referendum Held, Changes to Occur
17 June-Citizens across South Africa voted today in a referendum proposed by United Party MP Harold van der Merwe, one which could have a great impact on the future of South Africa. The question asked by the referendum was a straightforward yes-or-no, and so far reports from polling stations across the country are showing a significant lead in favor.

"Do you support a republic for the Union?" was the question asked in this unprecedented referendum. As South Africans vote overwhelming yes, one wonders why they do so.

An independent republic has long been a goal of South Africa's Boers, who founded three republics in the last century and fought two bloody wars to preserve them. Seeing a republic created peacefully in modern South Africa will be a crowning achievement for Boer politicians.

Africans who voted generally expressed hopes that a truly representative government will arise in this new republic, and replace the "stagnant oligarchy" that opponents have criticized the Union government as being. British South Africans hope that creating a republic will allow for less governmental intrusion into the lives of citizens, and for a more active role in world affairs.

This referendum has produced an almost unreal sense of unity in South Africa, as whites and blacks work toward the same goal. Both major parties, the National and United, as well as the two main African parties, the ANC and Inkatha, have voiced support of this decision by the people.

Prime Minister van Aarten announced that beginning with the 1953 election, the office of Prime Minister would cease to exist, and executive power would rest in the hands of a President. He stated also that the voting districts of the Volksraad would be redrawn to reflect a shift in the concentration of the voting population following the Civil Rights Act of 1949.

***

The next day,as polling reports continued to be finalized and filed from all over South Africa, and people looked with anticipation and anxiety toward the country's future, a small group of men huddled in the desert of Southwest Africa, near the Bechuanaland frontier. Nothing moved in the predawn stillness of the desert, when the grey light was still cool on the rocks. One of the men brought a pair of field glasses to his eyes, and looked south.

He saw a lone metal tower, constructed of steel beams and rebar, looking very much out of place in the desert. A voice came over his radio, and he put down the binoculars, ducking behind the large boulder with several other men, most in civilian clothes but a few in military uniforms as well.

"5...4..."

One of the scientists' eyes flashed in the gray light. "God bless us, there's none like us."

"3...2..."

The soldier who'd been looking through the field glasses grinned as well.

"1..."

The tower was far away, but was big enough to be seen as a dark speck on the horizon. The speck was replaced with a brilliant flash of light, and then a great, seething ball of flame that roiled and churned, mushroomed up in to the sky. Shortly after, the sound reached the men, a low roar that vibrated their organs and shook their equipment. Looking at the raging flame, the soldier gulped nervously. His beloved South Africa had just entered a very dangerous world.

King Simeone and the people of Bulgaria send condolences and our prayers to the People of South Africa and to the Smuts' Family...

The American Atomic Energy Commission makes note nuclear detonation in South Africa, as it does with all nuclear tests, after radiation is detected by the US 5th Fleet in the Indian Ocean, as well as monitoring stations in Australia and South America and the South Pacific.

Prime Minister van Aarten has announced that South Africa will begin a massive new industrialization program in the 1952 budget, stating that "the nation must put forth a great effort, in order to maximize the potential of our economy." The national effort is expected to continue until 1957, though the Prime Minister has stated that it may end before then if the slated projects finish ahead of schedule.

In conjunction with British troops, South African forces plan their withdrawl from the FAS. Anti-war sentiment flares in some cities, though through dedicated government efforts that anger is redirected away from South Africa participation in the war and toward the FAS in general. At the Prime Minister's urgings, the Ministry of Defense and SADF leadership begin working on contingency plans concerning the new and seemingly hostile government of the FAS. The South African Airforce begins looking to replace its aging fighters and bombers.

Syria inquires on the South African position on the Arab Civil War, understanding that the situation in the FAS harmed popular support.

Secretly, Syria asks if the South Africans would join the embargo on the SU. The support would be incredibly valued, as the lost of the Cape of Good Hope to the Scandics, in addition to the Suez, would make more than a few nations happy, including a few mutual friends.

Syria inquires on the South African position on the Arab Civil War, understanding that the situation in the FAS harmed popular support.

Secretly, Syria asks if the South Africans would join the embargo on the SU. The support would be incredibly valued, as the lost of the Cape of Good Hope to the Scandics, in addition to the Suez, would make more than a few nations happy, including a few mutual friends.

ooc
those waters are international waters you know

Syria inquires on the South African position on the Arab Civil War, understanding that the situation in the FAS harmed popular support.

Secretly, Syria asks if the South Africans would join the embargo on the SU. The support would be incredibly valued, as the lost of the Cape of Good Hope to the Scandics, in addition to the Suez, would make more than a few nations happy, including a few mutual friends.

The Republic of South Africa is monitoring the situation in the Middle East, but does not feel that the Arab conflict has an immediate effect on South Africa. Therefore, the outcome does not concern us.

Secretly, South Africa tells the Syrians that it will not attempt to block trade in international waters, and that a South African embargo would not effect the Scandanavians anyway, since no significant trade takes place between the two countries. The Republic will consider support fo Syria in the UN, however.

Nigeria contacts it's fellow Africans and friends, the South Africans, and respectfully asks for assistance in building a modern merchant marine.

A spokesman for the Defense Ministry announced today that South Africa has concluded a deal with Britain and Germany, with the latter two nations supplying the Republic with modern missile technology. According to the spokesman, "South Africa now has the capability to to construct missiles and rockets of the same caliber as British ICBMs. Along with that comes to associated technology, including advanced surface-to-air missiles and air-to-air missiles, and more powerful cruise missiles."

The Defense Ministry was careful to stress that although the associated technology will be a great boon to the Republic's Navy and Air Force, the ICBM technology will itself be used for peaceful means. The spokesman hinted at a possible South African space program being started before the end of the decade.

This purchase has caused some critics of the government, mainly in the African National Congress, to speculate on whether South Africa intends to create an arsenal of nuclear missiles. There has been no official recognition of or response to these assertions, but one minister reportedly said that such ideas were "foolish."

OOC: Yes, those are international waters, but the ports of Nambia and S. Africa aren't.

OOC: Build me my shipping units, dangit.

Civil Unrest in South Africa
5 February-A car bomb exploded today outside National Party headquarters in Pretoria, the most recent act in a surge of violence over the past month. Four were killed, and over a dozen injured by the blast. Police do not have any solid evidence, but the attack is believed to be a reprisal for the January 29th shooting death of an ANC clerk.

The National Party and the African National Congress have been clear enemies since the latter was legitimized with the Civil Rights Act of 1949. While the conflict was limited to political forums for most of two years, violence has become a more common occurrence since the New Year. As a result, tourism is expected to decline over the year.

So far, local and State police have few concrete leads as to the actual leadership behind the escalating violence, which has come to include armed robbery, gunfights, and bombs of various types. It is believed that the African National Congress' recently-founded "activist" organization Umkhonto we Sizwe (Spear of the Nation) is behind the anti-National Party violence. The National Party may be relying on a similar organization, or it may be relying on subversive Kommando elements.

Prime Minister van Aarten has criticized all involved as "cowards, who strike out at the innocent."

Secret IC: The German Government questions South Afrika on what she would do should war come to fruition between the SU and Germany, as well as possibly Poland and the Ukraine.

The Nigerian government would like to request assistance from the South African military in training their ground troops. They inquire about possible military advisors.

The US government covertly approaches Australia and South Africa about joining in with the US in the space age. The US wants tracking stations in Africa, Australia and Australian controlled Oceania, and to build a launch facility near Townsville, Australia and another facility near Capetown (for South Polar launches and equatorial launches).

If both nations provide 2 points a year, then Australian and South African personnel will be trained by the US and fly along with US astronauts once space missions begin.

As the South African government allocated vast amounts of money for the construction of a Nigerian merchant fleet in next year's budget, many protests have come from the National Party, saying that the money could be better spent on fighting the growing violence in South Africa.

Daniel Malan issued a statement, saying that the United Party's obvious concern for foreign policy taking precedence over domestic concerns is treading the path it walked before 1948, and that the Party will falter in the election of 1953 because of it. Promises of making domestic affairs a top priority of the government were a large factor in Jan Smuts' electoral victory in the last cycle.

In a rare moment of agreement with their right-wing enemies, the African National Congress also decried the government's foreign agenda, which maintains no official stance on the issue of Belgian and Portugese decolonization in Africa. The issue has been a point of contention for some time in the United Nations, and the ANC desires a strong decolonization stance in the government. As neither the ANC nor Inkatha Party hold any national-level offices yet, the ANC has been unable to exert real pressure on the government.

The leadership of the Inkatha Party voiced support for the Prime Minister, stating that if African states are made independent and then abandoned by the world, they would do better to remain colonies. The Inkatha Party supports South African assistance to Nigeria, and it is expected that the United and Inkatha Parties may form a coalition in the July election.

Violence Continues, PM Urges Calm as More are Killed
Civil unrest and violence continues into the new year as political and racial tensions continue to be strained. The worst such incident of the cycle came to pass two days ago in Pietermartizburg, Natal. An African National Congress demonstration quickly deteriorated into a chaotic riot as National Party counter-demonstrators jeered the Africans, calling them "filthy communists," and "red kaffirs."

The crowd quickly devolved into a riot, which a force of heavily armed police were called upon to disperse. Police at first attempted to end the riot peacefully, but were attacked by both ANC and NP rioters. After firing several warning shots into the air, the commander of the police ordered a volley of fire into the crowd, which resulted in the deaths of over twenty rioters, and injuries to dozens more.

Nelson Mandela, Natal Chairman of the African National Congress, decried this use of force, declaring it "tantamount to a declaration of war on the African poeple." Mandela had no comment concerning the fact that four of the twenty-one dead were National Party Afrikaners.

Prime Minister van Aarten justified the use of deadly force by the police, emphasizing the fact that lethal forces was only ordered after police were attacked by the crowd. "The ANC is determined in the utmost to upset the status quo of our country, and their willingness to go to appalling extremes to do so should be a demonstration to the South African people of what will become common occurrences if political and racial extremists such as these were ever to come to power."

The killings have driven many voters away from the United Party, but van Aarten remains confident of electoral victory in July, though he did not specify any details.

Very, very, quietly, Syria asks South Africa if, when Syria's nuclear energy program reaches the proper stage, it would be possible to obtain South African uranium. Syria does not wish to begin a nuclear weapons program, solely the domestic use of nuclear power.

The Republic quietly replies, saying that it is willing to sell uranium to Syria, with the understanding that said uranium would only be used for the purpose of fueling reactors.

OOC: I'm assuming we still have the Uranium deal?

OOC: Of course.

First South African In Space!
Veteran SAAF pilot Jan Blaauw made history this year as the first South African to reach outer space. Blaauw is the squadron leader of the American X-15 experimental "space plane," and flew in the sixth mission of said plane, reaching an altitude of over 80 kilometers. Based in California, the series of flights are part of a cooperative effort between the United States, South Africa, and Australia to move into the so-called "space age." It is rumored that the United States wishes to build a launch facility in South Africa, as well as tracking facilities.

Jan Blaauw returned home to South Africa for a brief period of relaxation before returning to work. He was welcomed in Johannesburg by the Prime Minister himself, and received official decoration in the South African Airforce. Blaauw was quoted as saying that "the experience [of spaceflight] was awesome."

United Party Carries Election, ANC Cries "Foul"
The final returns from the 1953 election show a clear victory for the United Party; Prime Minister van Aarten will continue to lead the country. While the United Party itself carried only 40% of the vote, no other party was able to garner more votes. Van Aarten congratulated his opponents, saying that the election was a "triumph of democracy."

The addition of two African political parties upset the balance of power in the Republic, which has seen a distinct shift from a two-party system similar to the United States, to a multiparty system like those found in Europe. The Labour Party merged with the United Party shortly before the election, with the essentially defunct SACP joining the ANC.

The National Party has lost much of its electoral base over past years, with many voters seeing the party as being overly reactionary; the overtly racist "apartheid" platform of the NP certainly did nothing to endear them to African voters. The National Party has gone from being the official Opposition to the fourth party in the Volksraad. Dalan F. Malan has announced his intention to retire from politics upon this disappointing result. National Party MP Johannes Gerhardus Strijdom is expected to succeed him as leader of the National Party.

In contrast, the African National Congress fielded something of a nobody in the election. Charles Kayode, a Twsana from the northern Cape, presented little in his campaigning that excited voters. Still, it is a testament to the strength of the ANC message that it recieved such a high proporation of votes even so. Leading ANC activists Walter Sisulu and Nelson Mandela declared the election "illegitimate, the twisting of democracy to racist purposes." The United Party government has largely ignored these claims.

The Inkatha Party, which is defined as a "Zulu" party because of its unofficial tribal affliations, does not have sufficient votes to mount serious opposition for several years, at least.

Percent of Votes
United Party-41.3
African National Congress-34.7
Inkatha Party-14.6
National Party-9
Various other parties-.4

Economic Concerns Mount; President Urges Calm
As a recession takes hold of the South African economy, and indeed much of the world, President van Aarten's government urged calm and rational behavior in the private sector, stating that panic will only make the situation worse.

"It's not even a proper recession," reported Finance Secretary Girerd van Hoorn. "The natural growth of the economy has decreased a few percentage points. That's to be expected in a capitalist economy."

ANC leader Nelson Mandela offered insight as well. "Perhaps this recession, for it is a recession no matter how the government tries to sugar-coat it, perhaps it will shake the foundation of our society and break the white monopoly on economic activity."

Secretary van Hoorn also announced that South Africa would be returning to a normal, peacetime economy earlier than expected. Van Hoorn explained, saying that "It was no longer necessary to ask South Africans to work as hard. The necessary projects have been completed, and cutting back on spending will have the bonus effect of boosting our economic growth."

***

Government Announces New Energy Technology
President van Aarten announced earlier this week that South Africa will begin constructing a nuclear reactor in 1956, in order to offset the fears of oil shortages and drop in energy supplies. The representatives of the press who were present at the time were surprised to hear the announcement of nuclear technology, but the President stated that South Africa has had the knowledge and infastructure to build nuclear reactors for some years. The President went on to site the recent troubles in Europe between the Germans and Scandinavians as the reason South Africa had not announced their nuclear ability sooner, saying that "South Africa didn't need that kind of trouble at the time."

Van Aarten stated that 1956 is the earliest a power plant can be built, because of safety concerns. He also emphasized that South Africa's nuclear technology is meant strictly for peaceful purposes. When asked whether the nation possesses any secret nuclear weapons, van Aarten replied, "My predecessor was very close to the British and American leadership during the War of Communist Aggression, and many in our nation were outraged by the Soviet biological, chemical, and nuclear atrocities, just as they were. If South Africa had nuclear weapons, I can assure all of you that they would have been used on Russia during the war.

The President said that he hoped to have South Africa become less dependent on oil as a source of energy, especially if the current market speculations continue on their present path. He stated that using more nuclear and hydroyelectric power will save oil for transportation and military use.

The Luftwaffe and Heer will be conducting excercises in the North Sea and Northern Germany next month and ask the South African Military if they will join them.

Confident from the victory in the UN plebiscites in Angola, and with a solid chance of stewardship over Mozambique as well, President van Aarten's government begins to make plans to flex South Africa's military and technological muscle.

Slated for testing are South African IRBMs and large ICBMs, with the former being used to conduct sub-orbital missions by the newly-founded South African Aerospace Agency (SAASA). Jannie Blaauw, the first South African in space, has been selected as the overall mission commander for the new program. A spokesman for the SAASA stated that South Africa would continue to work with the United States and Australia in a joint space program, but emphasized that a solely South African program was a great source of national pride.

Secret IC:
South Africa's newer and larger ICBM technology will be tested in the southern Indian ocean, and plans are made to include a test of South Africa's first hydrogen bomb.

South Africa is thanked for all of their help in assissting Nigeria to become a modern, industrialized country. They are also duly thanked for the military advisors they have a sent.

Important Events in South Africa, 1955-56.

1955

South African IRBMs are tested in the South Indian Ocean.
South Africa successfully detonates its first hydrogen bomb in the South Indian Ocean.
African National Congress holds its 44th Annual Conference in Bloemfontein.
Members of the South African Congress of Trade Unions are arrested on charges ranging from conspiracy to illegal assembly.
Self-Government Act is passed; colonies are granted full internal self-rule.


1956

Regisration Act passed; all citizens must register with federal offices in order to continue to receive social services.
African National Congress sparks riot in Transkei region of Natal, dozens wounded by police and rioters. Suppression of Communism Act passed in response.
Joseph Slovo, former leader of the now-illegal SACP and prominent white member of the ANC is arrested outside his home in Kliptown.
Riotous Assemblies Act no 17 passed; assemblies which "threaten public peace or safety" are outlawed.

In late 1958, South Africa put forth a resolution to the United Nations, calling for an end to the oppressive Belgian regime in the Congo, and for the full independence of that nation. President van Aarten was living up to the liberal legacy of Jan Smuts, fighting to rid Africa of the last vestiges of European colonialism.

At the same time, many members of the defunct London Treaty Alliance revealed that a new alliance bloc was to be formed, calling itself the Oceanic Alliance. South Africa was one of only a few major LTA nations which was not invited into the new alliance. While van Aarten's government does not fear a decline in relations with the United Kingdom, United States, and others, the Republic has lost some confidence in her standing in world affairs. This insecurity, coupled with rising dissent at home, has proven to be too much for the van Aarten government.

Secret:
A week after South Africa's UN Ambassador put forth the new resolution to the UN General Assembly, the State Police conducted a mass raid on the homes of the leadership of the African National Congress. An estimated 300 people were arrested, including ANC leaders Walter Sisulu and Nelson Mandela. Charges were levied against all prisoners, ranging from murder, larceny, conspiracy, and treason. Dozens were dragged from their homes in the middle of the night, and several of the highest-ranking prisoners, including Mandela and Sisulu, have been incarcerated on Robben Island, an infamous prison dating from Dutch colonial times. By Presidential Order, the writ of habeas corpus has been suspended in the Transkei region of Natal, were much ANC activity has taken place over the past decade.

A trial date for the top leadership has been set for 6 August 1959. The Interior Minister issued a statement saying that the arrests and trials are both to punish those guilty of crimes against the state, and to prevent further acts of racially-motivated terrorism by removing the "head of the snake."

SIC:

Hearing of the fact the South Africans have not actually been invited to join the OA, Korea quietly approaches the South African government about possibly strengthening relations. Especially since the South Africans did help Korea out early in the century with cash...

OOC AS INTEL MOD:

The scale of the arrests will mean that anyone with any interest in South Africa and any sort of intel agency will find out pretty easily. The UK will certainly know as will the US and Nigeria, anyone else has a good chance of discovering the local knowledge of the arrests (which are going to be hard to cover up) just through their embassy staff.

Anyway, i'm guessing you probably weren't planning on this being a secret affair.

IC:

London hears of the massed arrests and is slightly alarmed by the suspension of habeas corpus ad subjiciendum especially as that has been a central tenet of English Common Law since the reign of Henry II in the 12th century. However the British foreign ministry will remain quiet about the affair whilst it judges other foreign reactions.

OOC AS INTEL MOD:

The scale of the arrests will mean that anyone with any interest in South Africa and any sort of intel agency will find out pretty easily. The UK will certainly know as will the US and Nigeria, anyone else has a good chance of discovering the local knowledge of the arrests (which are going to be hard to cover up) just through their embassy staff.

Anyway, i'm guessing you probably weren't planning on this being a secret affair.

OOC: No. Honestly, I would've been surprised to keep it a secret on any level for longer than a month.

After hearing word of South Afrika being left out of the OA, both Rommel and Kaiser Hubertus make a trip to (Pretoria?) to give President Van Arten a visit.

Among their discussions are the possibility of a reduction on the mortgage on the Imperial Summer home in Windhoek and the situation with the OA. Germany, the Kaiser hears from Von Schuschnigg, is rather annoyed at the rejection Germany got from Britain. Perhaps, Rommel says, Germany and South Afrika can renew the Daresalaam treaty amongst themselves? Nigeria has already inquired about it.

The Kaiser also congratulates the President on his handling of the situation with the terrorists. However, he warns them that the Anglo-Americans don't like it when leaders try to get things done.

The Nigerian government is somewhat disturbed by the arrests, but says nothing.

President van Aarten issues a statement, meant to placate South Africa's allies, concerning the mass arrest of ANC leaders.

According to the President, the arrests were not aimed at black political leaders, but rather persons suspected of having connections with racial terrorist groups within South Africa. Blacks have not been disenfranchised in South Africa, as only five of the people arrested were ANC MPs. The writ of Habeas corpus ad subjiciendum will be restored to Transkei following the conclusion of trials, set to begin in early August of 1959. Van Aarten also notes that elections are still scheduled for July.

Van Aarten concluded by saying that while he hoped South Africa's relations with her allies would not be affected by these actions, the prisoners shall not be released should they constitute a "threat to the peace and stability of South Africa or her people."

President van Aarten, following his narrow victory in the July election, pardoned many of those persons arrested earlier in the year during a massive State Police raid against the leadership of the African National Congress. Over two hundred people have been released from prison, some on technicalities dealing with their arrests, and some after quick trials. The remaining 97 prisoners will be tried as originally planned, in August of 1959. The President also restored the writ of habeas corpus to the Transkei region of Natal.

Numerous CND protests take place in South Africa's larger cities, though none are as severe or as determined as protests in other nations; the memories of the mass arrest last year of ANC dissidents are still fresh, and the government has proven several times that it is willing to use deadly force to end "dangerous" riots, as per the Riotous Assemblies Act no 17. The protests remained peaceful, however, and crowds in Pretoria, Johannesburg, Cape Town, Durban, and Port Elizabeth were allowed to demonstrate. Police monitored the crowds, and protected government buildings.

In a press conference, President van Aarten stated that the South African nuclear program posed no threat to any nation, and that South Africa's six recently constructed reactors are being used along with natural gas to provide energy for the country's growing industry, freeing oil for use in petroleum products, the military, and civilian automobiles.

After the protests, though, the government begins heightening security at South Africa's nuclear reactors (Francistown, Springbok, Diego Suarez, Bloemfontein, Durban, Beitbridge). State Police units are stationed at each reactor.

The trials of the 97 prisoners who were arrested last year began this month in Bloemfontein, Johannesburg, and Pretoria. Among those tried in Bloemfontein was ANC leader Nelson Mandela. Mandela, a practicing attorney before his arrest, requested to defend himself, and was permitted to do so. Mandela stands charged with four counts of sabotage, one count of murder, and two counts of conspiracy to commit terrorism. The following is an collection of excerpts from Mandela’s statements.

“The time comes in the life of any nation when there remain only two choices - submit or fight. That time has now come to South Africa. We shall not submit and we have no choice but to hit back by all means in our power in defence of our people, our future, and our freedom.

“We of the African National Congress have always sought to achieve liberation without bloodshed and civil clash. We hope that we will bring the Government and its supporters to their senses before it is too late, so that both the Government and its policies can be changed before matters reach the desperate state of civil war.”

When it was pointed out by the prosecutor that the ANC has worked in collaboration with both the South African Communist Party, and with the Soviet Union during the 1920s and 1930s, Mandela responded by saying “It is true that there has often been close co-operation between the ANC and the Communist Party. But co-operation is merely proof of a common goal - in this case the removal of white supremacy - and is not proof of a complete community of interests. The United South-East Asian States were a socialist nation at the time of the Eurasian War, but fought alongside the United States, Great Britain, and others. Yet none accuse the United States or Great Britain of being communist states, nor do people say that Truman or Churchill were working to bring about a socialist world.

“I believe that communists have always played an active role in the fight by colonial countries for their freedom, because the short-term objects of communism would always correspond with the long-term objects of freedom movements. This pattern of co-operation between communists and non-communists has been repeated in the National Liberation Movement of South Africa. Prior to the banning of the Communist Party, joint campaigns involving the Communist Party and the Congress movements were accepted practice. Because the goals of our organizations were similar, we worked together to achieve those goals. The same can be said of the Union of South Africa and the British Empire during the past thirty or forty years, though I challenge any Bitterender to say that he loves the Union Jack.”

Mandela went on to explain what the ANC views as the dichotomy of South African society.

“South Africa is the richest country in Africa, and could be one of the richest countries in the world. But it is a land of extremes and remarkable contrasts. The whites and Asians enjoy what may well be the highest standard of living in the world, whilst Africans live in poverty and misery. Forty per cent of the Africans live in hopelessly overcrowded and, in some cases, drought-stricken tracts of semi-arid land, where soil erosion and the overworking of the soil makes it impossible for them to live properly off the land. Thirty per cent are laborers, labor tenants, and squatters on white farms and work and live under conditions similar to those of the serfs of the Middle Ages. The other 30 per cent live in towns where they have developed economic and social habits which bring them closer in many respects to white standards. Yet most Africans, even in this group, are impoverished by low incomes and high cost of living.”

This economic argument is expected to have little weight in court, as it generally ignores the fact that President van Aarten has enacted numerous reforms which have worked to integrate blacks into South African society, and has repealed many laws which limit African economic and social mobility. Van Aarten’s government has also acknowledged that fact that a disproportionate amount of Africans still remain in poverty, and is working in conjunction with the Inkatha Party and moderate elements of the ANC to address the problem in a manner that will best alleviate the situation. Mandela later conceded that United Party rule has, in the long term, benefited the African people.

Mandela closed his argument with the following contention:
“During my lifetime I have dedicated myself to this struggle of the African people. I have fought against white domination, and I have fought against black domination. I have cherished the ideal of a democratic and free society in which all persons live together in harmony and with equal opportunities. It is an ideal which I hope to live for and to achieve. But if needs be, it is an ideal for which I am prepared to die.”

OOC: Most of Mandela’s defense is taken from his actual speech while on trial in 1964 at the Supreme Court in Pretoria, shortly before being convicted and sent to Robben Island. I have edited the excerpts to make them relevant to E20’s history, removing references to events that didn’t happen, and vice versa.

While blacks have legal rights equal to whites, there is still a great social and economic disparity between racial groups; whites and Asians (about 20% of the population) control about 80% of the economy and own about 75% of the land (a little less that in RL South Africa today).

OOC: I'm curious, why Asians? Also, isn't there a split between Afrikaners and English descendants (known contemptuously as "Uitlanders")

OOC: I'm curious, why Asians? Also, isn't there a split between Afrikaners and English descendants (known contemptuously as "Uitlanders")

OOC: Way back in 1905, Asians were granted full citizenship in South Africa as a result of the Boer War, while a vague and lengthy timetable was allocated for black integration. In the 1920s, the National Party (which was in power at the time), realized that they could better control the country if they had the support of the Asian citizenry, who were very successful economically. So Asians (primarily Indians, Chinese, and Koreans), who make up about 7% of the population, have been pretty well integrated into South African society in E20.

There is certainly a split between whites in South Africa, with most of the British-descended and moderate Afrikaners supporting the United Party, and the hardline, far-right Afrikaners supporting the National Party, which ran on an apartheid platform in 1948 and lost the election. Both Piet van Aarten, the current President, and his predecessor Jan Smuts, were moderate Afrikaners (well, actually only Smuts was; van Aarten is fictional).

OOC: Way back in 1905, Asians were granted full citizenship in South Africa as a result of the Boer War, while a vague and lengthy timetable was allocated for black integration. In the 1920s, the National Party (which was in power at the time), realized that they could better control the country if they had the support of the Asian citizenry, who were very successful economically. So Asians (primarily Indians, Chinese, and Koreans), who make up about 7% of the population, have been pretty well integrated into South African society in E20.

There is certainly a split between whites in South Africa, with most of the British-descended and moderate Afrikaners supporting the United Party, and the hardline, far-right Afrikaners supporting the National Party, which ran on an apartheid platform in 1948 and lost the election. Both Piet van Aarten, the current President, and his predecessor Jan Smuts, were moderate Afrikaners (well, actually only Smuts was; van Aarten is fictional).

that makes sense, thanks for clearing up

The South African Aerospace Agency (SAASA) successfully launched a manned orbital laboratory this month from the Cape Town launch facility. This marks the first manned mission by the SAASA. The four man crew of the laboratory, which has been named Pretorius, will remain in the laboratory for six months, at which point they will be rotated out and replaced by a fresh crew.

The current crew consists of Major Matthijs Ludger (South African Air Force), mission commander; Lieutenant Melisizwe Bongani (South African Air Force); Yun Ju Ahn (physicist, Witwatersrand Univeristy); and Jacobus Wouter (chemist, University of Pretoria).

It is hoped that experiments conducted on the laboratory will yield a new and better understanding of several scientific concepts.

The South African military undergoes a major re-vamping in 1960, adding two new fighter units to the Air Force, a helicopter gunship unit to the Army Air Command, and replacing the old cruisers and destroyers of the Naval Service. The Transvaal Staatsartillerie [field artillery], the oldest continual-service unit in the SADF, has also been upgraded to the status of a mechanized flak group.

The Ministry of Defence announces planned wargames between the South African Defence Forces and the Nigerian Armed Forces. Wargames are scheduled to be held in Nigeria, and goals of the excersises include field-testing the Nigerian army, and examining the success of various SADF technology and tactics.

SAASA announces a plan to launch several space probes in 1961, aimed at gathering data on the various planets of the solar system in an effort to better understand the universe. There are rumors, but no confirmations or official reports, of SAASA plans to land on the moon by the early 1970s.

President van Aarten announces a new urban renewal program, focused on revitalizing South Africa's cities as centers for economic activity and cultural growth and exchange. This program comes in conjunction with an increase in social services as per the Social Services Act no 4, which will drastically increase state-funded welfare for the disabled and for single parents. The Act and the urban renewal program are part of van Aarten's continuing attempts to further integrate blacks into mainstream South African society.

So far, juries have issued verdicts in regards to 53 of the 97 ANC members who were arrested last year on charges ranging from sabotage to terrorism, with the remaining 44 cases either in the closing stages of arguments in court, or the juries still have not reached a verdict, as is the case with both Nelson Mandela and Walter Sisulu, the primary leaders of the ANC. As the trials draw to a close, the Minister for Information and Justice issued a joint statement with the Minister of the Internal Affairs, stating that the writ of habeas corpus has been reinstated in the Transkei region of Natal.

Of the 53 finished cases, 17 defendants were acquitted of all charges, six of major charges, and the rest convicted of all charges. Those convicted of sabotage, terrorism, or conspiracy to commit terrorism have been incarcerated in the Robben Island State Prison in the Cape Province. The others have been placed in the primary prisons of their home provinces.

President van Aarten was reported as saying that he hoped the crackdown against the ANC will show rebellious factions within all political parties that the government will not tolerate politically- or racially-motivated violence, or terrorism of any sort. As violence between ANC and National Party radicals has decreased greatly over the past year, many take this as a sign of the President's success in his efforts.

Deputy President Jozua Francois Naude announced his resignation today, stating that he has "been around long enough, and it's time to let someone else have the fun." Naude's decision to choose retirement is based partly on his age, and partly on a desire to get back to his family farm in Transvaal. Naude's family is small by Boer standards, and he says he would like to spend time with his son, a Dutch Reformed cleric in the Johannesburg area, before he dies.

Naude, who fought in the Anglo-Boer War, is the longest-serving member of the South African government. He served several terms as Minister to the League of Nations during the 1920s, and various ministerial posts within the government until his appointment as Deputy Prime Minister by Jan Smuts in 1939.

President van Aarten has appointed Arpit Gupta, a former officer in the SADF and professor of law at Witwatersrand Univeristy, to fill the post of Deputy President until the general election in 1963.

Across the country, military forces are being put on alert, and Air Force pilots and aircraft are moved around to various different bases within the country. Naval ships leave port, ostenibly to conduct large-scale patrols and excersises in the South Atlantic and Straits of Malegasi. Soldiers of the 7th Light Infantry Division are positioned to guard nuclear reactors, and the newly formed South African Marine Brigade conducts practice landings in the northern Cape.

SIC:
Missile fueling drills onboard the SANS Voortrekker increase in frequency, as the submarine continues to patrol the Indian Ocean.

South Africa is asked for assistance in developing the infrastructure neccessary for Atomic Reactors.

SIC: Russia appreciates any assistance in dealing with the Siberian issues. South Africa has undergone similar issues in the past, and help is appreciated.

Trying to maintain the appearance of normal government operation, Russia offers to fufill South African Energy needs. (OOC: We have spare energy in all varieties, except ethanol)

South Africa is asked for assistance in developing the infrastructure neccessary for Atomic Reactors.

South Africa would be more than happy to assist our Nigerian friends in developing nuclear power plants.

OOC: Check the economic thread, specifically my latest build.

SIC: Russia appreciates any assistance in dealing with the Siberian issues. South Africa has undergone similar issues in the past, and help is appreciated.

Trying to maintain the appearance of normal government operation, Russia offers to fufill South African Energy needs.

SIC:
The FVD will commit agents to Siberia, where agents of Chinese background may be of use. South Africa thanks Russia for her offer to fulfill South Africa's energy needs, but responds saying that South Africa has its own energy surplus, thanks to several nuclear reactors built over the past few years.

South Africa launches four space probes from the Cape Town Launch Facilty. Two probes fail, but the other two, bound for Mars and Mercury, succeed. The mission is heralded as a great success for South Africa, but the various news reports of the event are overshadowed by the fears of war in Russia and the East, and the majority of South Africans aren't even aware that the launches took place.

The Nigerian government secretly contacts the South Africans about possible transportation of Nigerian units to the warzone should war be declared over the Siberian issue and the need to support the United States arise.

South Africa is willing to transport Nigerian forces, though it is suggested that Nigeria contact Britain or the United States concerning transport, as South Africa does not have a large amount of military transport available, and is planning to move most of its troops via rail or air transport.

*****

In other news, a large African National Congress demonstration was held in Johannesburg. The crowd protested, among other things, the continuing delays in public verdicts for the remaining ANC members still imprisoned. One of the major focuses of the protest was to show the government that although the main ANC leaders are either imprisoned or incarcerated and awaiting verdicts, the ANC is still a viable political organization.

The ANC also demanded a lowering of the alert level of SADF troops, saying President van Aarten and the rest of the United Party, no matter their race, were puppets of the West. A battalion of the 4th Mechanized Division, called to assist the local and State police in protecting government buildings and private property, formed a cordon around the protest with armored vehicles, in order to keep it contained and prevent the crowd from damagin property. The ANC demanded an election to bring about "truly democractic, African rule before van Aarten leads South Africa to nuclear war."

The protest continued for several hours, with the crowd eventually rushing the police line in front of Johannesburg City Hall. The military and police responded by firing rubber bullets and tear gas into the crowd, and State Police riot-control squads deployed into the crowd, arresting protestors and bludgeoning those who fought back.

Most of the people arrested were released after an hour or so, after being given first aid. Some were taken, in military troop carriers, to hospitals for further medical attention. A total of six people died; three protestors were trampled, one caught a rubber bullet in the temple, and two police officers were shot by protestors. Any armed protestors were detained at State Police Transvaal Headquarters for further questioning, and weapons found in the protest area after the crowd was dispersed were checked for fingerprints and other relevant information.

The protest apparently struck a chord with the government, and it is rumored that President van Aarten has approached the leadership of both the National Party and the Inkatha Party in regards to reaching a solution to the ANC "problem."

In Southwest Africa, a new political organization is founded by leaders of the Ovambo community, the province's largest ethnic group. The new South-West Africa People's Organization (SWAPO) has begun a campaign to end South African rule in Southwest Africa. Unlike the ANC, however, the founders of SWAPO have pledged to remain peaceful in their course of action; whether this decision stems from a peaceful political philosophy or a fear of retribution by the government remains to be seen. SWAPO is planning to hold a major rally in Windhoek next month; it will likely be heavily covered by the SABC.

Southwest Africa is a unique case, as the European population is much smaller than in the rest of the South African provinces, and yet retains a much greater degree of control. The white minority in the province has largely been able to keep its status as the dominant faction in the government despite the Civil Rights Act of 1949.

Some political experts speculate that the recent upsurge in violence between factions as a sign that President van Aarten's government is crumbling. After all, as South Africa's population increases, the European population decreases as a percentage of the total, and may dip below 10% before the end of the decade. The fact that van Aarten recently appointed an Indian to the post of Deputy President rather than an African has only exacerbated the situation.

This mostly for OOC clarification, and to help me keep track of who is doing what and where. This list will most likely be amended as I do further research into existing political movements in southern Africa during the 1960s.

South Africa:

African National Congress (ANC)- Led by Walter Sisulu and Nelson Mandela (both currently on trial for charges of sabotage and conspiracy to commit terrorist acts), the ANC was founded in the second decade of the Twentieth Century as a vehicle to organize black Africans with South Africa's white-dominated society, in order to bring about democratic change. The Civil Rights Act of 1949 allowed Africans to vote unhindered for the first time since the British defeat in the Transvaal Rebellion of 1881. This act, forced through into legislation by the United Party under Jan C. Smuts, led to a drastic lose of power for the overtly racist National Party in 1953, but saw the continued rule of the United Party. As a result, the African National Congress has grown steadily more extreme in its ideology with each passing election, with recent protests and demonstrations calling for "immediate democratic rule." According to the ANC, South Africa can only be democratic once whites no longer have power in the government.

Tribal clashes and ethnic rivalries between the Xhosa and Zulu tribes have pushed the ANC's one-time ally the Inkatha Party to back the United Party government.

Umkhonto we Sizwe ("MK," Eng. Spear of the Nation)-Paramilitary wing of the ANC, suspected to act on orders of Nelson Mandela.

Southwest Africa:

South-west Africa People's Organization (SWAPO)- Unlike its counterpart in the rest of South Africa, the SWAPO campaigns peacefully to end South African rule in the former German colony, and bring about a democratically-elected government. SWAPO's more moderate stance, along with an advocation of "freedom for all races," has led the government in Pretoria to be much more tolerant of demonstrations and speeches by SWAPO.

Bechuanaland:

Southern Rhodesia:

Rhodesian Front (RF)- Led by Winston Field, this is one of the sole independence movements led by whites in the modern world. Field and his party are people intensely proud of their British heritage, and have begun to entreat the government about entering into negotiations to either grant Rhodesia independence, or return it to British colonial rule. So far, such attempts at dialogue are either ignored by Pretoria, or bogged down in bureaucratic indecisiveness.

Zimbabwe African People's Union (ZAPU)- Led by Josha Nkomo, the ZAPU is a revolutionary organization that seeks to end white domination of Southern Rhodesia. While the organization has yet to escalate beyond a few shootings or carbombs a year, Nkomo has made it clear that if Pretoria continues to ignore the issue, he "will be unable to guarantee the continued safety of Southern Rhodesia's government.

Zimbabwe People's Revolutionary Army (ZIPRA)- Paramilitary wing of ZAPU

Zimbabwe African National Union (ZANU)- Led by Rev. Ndabaningi Sithole and Herbert Wiltshire Chitepo, ZANU split from the ZAPU in protest of the more militant policies of the latter organization.

Northern Rhodesia:

United National Independence Party (UNIP)- Led by Kenneth Kuanda.

Angola:

Nyasaland:

Madagascar:


There are two major changes here between E20 and what historically occured. First, the liberation movements are much less-well funded, and as a whole less violent, in E20, because they lack the support of the Soviet Union and People's Republic of China (look at SWAPO in E20, and then read about it RL, you'll see what I mean). The lack of a West vs. East Cold War means that there is no outside funding of organizations in Southern Rhodesia or Angola, and liberation movements are, at the moment, nonexistant in the latter. Second, the government of South Africa is generally more willing to listen to and accomodate black organizations than in RL (a combination of no apartheid society to preserve, and the State Police making sure everyone follows the Civil Rights Act). As a result, liberation groups in areas that aren't economically or strategically important (read: Nyasaland and Madagascar) pretty much run the colonial governments.

Japan would like to propose a student and scientist exchange between our two nations to promote better understanding and closer links between our two nations.

Korea would like to take similar steps to the Japanese, such as student and scientific exchanges, in establishing closer ties to South Africa, building on a history of relations between our two states.

As protests and riots grow steadily more violent, the van Aartern administration has taken numerous steps to undermine the African National Congress' agenda. Included in this strategy has been the co-opting of several ANC agenda points, and making them into the policy of the United Party. The increase in social services, passed last year by the Volksraad, was one such example. The United Party has also used to great effect its coalition with the Inkatha Party; using the Zulu party's spokesmen to announce many social and political reforms.

The support of the African National Congress has decreased only slightly, however, as most Africans see the ANC as the only political group truly dedicated to African rule in South Africa.

However, President van Aarten continued his policy of "peaceful integration," obviously meant to contrast the ANC's more radical and violent approaches, in a speech today in which he announced the most important social reform in South Africa since the black majority was granted equal rights in 1949.

"My fellow South Africans, we have all seen the despicable violence in recent years of those calling themselves progressives and freedom fighters. By their cowardly attacks on innocent people of all races, they sully the good name of progressives the world over. The government of our Republic has taken great steps to fight this threat, and to preserve both the liberty and security of the citizens of this great nation. But this is not a problem which can solved entirely through force; we must wage this battle on all fronts, both military and rhetorical.

Since the founding of the Union of South Africa fifty years ago, and before it to the time of British rule and the Boer Republics, the Africans who live in South Africa have been disenfranchised in their own country. We have taken steps to end this injustice, and today I announce possibly the most important.

It has been said by proponents of a boerstaat that a language makes a people. This argument is undeniably true, as we Boers can readily attest. But the black Africans who form the majority of South Africa's population have been denied use of their own languages in their government, a government by the people.

As of this day, 16 December 1961, the languages of the sundry African groups within the Republic will be elevated to official status. Each province of South Africa will have as its provincial languages Afrikaans and English, as well as those African languages which are predominant. In addition, the national anthem of South Africa shall be re-written, in order that it might better reflect our character as a nation. Nkosi Sikelel' iAfrika! God Bless Africa!"

South Africa is thanked for it's sharing of both a nuclear reactor and the technology to make and maintain more.

Technically I'm no longer a part of E20, but I'm going to go ahead and post a list of important events in South Africa in 1963 and 1964, in order to help whoever takes over South Africa while its NPC.

1963

Midway through the year, President van Aarten signs into law an acting granting official status to nine Bantu languages. This brings the total number of officially recognized languages within South African jurisdiction to thirteen, more than any other country in the world.
In July, the United Party-Inkatha coalition carries the general election once again, though the margin of victory fell to an all-time low of just 5%.
At 9:00 PM, local time, on 15 August, the SABC makes an emergency radio and television broadcast. In the broadcast, President van Aarten declares the African National Congress to be a terrorist organization; it is subsequently banned. Across the country, State Police and SADF forces raid the homes and offices of top ANC leaders, arresting the entire leadership structure of the organization by 17 August.
The African National Congress is officially dissolved, and its seats in Parliament are divided among the United Party, Inkatha Party, Labour Party, and the National Party. 1963 marked the ten-year anniversary of the ANC's legalization as a political party.
Through the end of the year, police and SADF forces remain on high alert as terrorist attacks increase in frequency.


1964

12-17 January: Paralleling their American colleagues, the FVD makes known all available intelligence concerning SCT military activities (ooc I'm assuming the FVD would know something about it). Military forces are moved to a higher alert status, with the State Police shouldering more responsibility as far as domestic security is concerned.
18 January: Upon receiving news of the apparent coup in Washington, South Africans react in much the same way as the rest of the world, and in two days markets plunge.
21 January: President van Aarten congratulates the US Armed Forces on their rescue of Kennedy, and offers South African assistance in hunting down the rest of the coup leaders. South African expertise in hunting dissidents is not overtly emphasized, but a detachment of FVD agents is made ready all the same.
23 January: the Republic of South Africa condemns in the strongest possible language that nuclear attacks on China and the USEA, though it is reiterated several times that the RSA understands it was rebel elements with the US government, and not the Kennedy Administration itself, which is responsible.
25 January: All nuclear and conventional SADF forces are placed on highest possible alert.
11 February: the United and Inkatha Parties merge to form the Progressive Federal Party. The PFP dominates the South African government, and quicklys forces through emergency legislation annexing all colonial trust territories into South Africa as full provinces. Plans are made to federalize the government by replacing provincial councils with full provincial legislatures, but nothing concrete is implemented as of yet.
22 February: as fears of spreading conflicting increase, martial law is declared in South Africa, and protesters are fired on in Southern Rhodesia and South Africa.
23 February: South Africa enters the war in support of Great Britain and the Commonwealth of Nations


This list is made assuming that no above-average levels of foreign interference were taking place. I'll update the factbook on the front page when I get back in three weeks, unless someone else has taken over South Africa in my stead.

South Africa 1964 -70

South African Budget 1964
Population: 40 million tech level 7.5
78 production centers (Capetown 10, Pretoria/Johannesburg 10, Durban 10, Salisbury 10, Kimberly 5, Benguela 5, Mossamedes 2, Luanda 5, Beria / Sofala 5, Quilimane 4, Diego Suarez 5, Livingston 5, Reunion 1, Mauritius 1
Energy: oil 4, natural gas 3, coal 4, nuclear 6,
Commerce and tourism: 27 shipping units, 3 national airlines, 2 international airlines, tourism 4, (total is 40 as that is maximum at tech level 7)
Food: 30375/400=76 (however, the chart in this case isn’t accurate as southern Africa is much more developed and has much more mechanized agriculture, so yields for Mozambique and Angola increased substantially, while Zimbabwe total is artificially low because of amazingly bad policy decisions in RL, it would by 10 times higher so Rhodesian output increased accordingly) Food output adjusted accordingly to what is listed. South Africa can feed itself and exports 2 points worth of food a year

1964 South Africa goes to national effort as it gets involved in the war in Arabia, and then later India. The Depression hits it as hard as the rest of the world, however, the South Africans are able to adjust more readily because of their vast gold reserves, and suffers somewhat less. National Effort gives them the equivalent of normal peacetime spending instead of what everyone else is suffering. Trade and Commerce penalties remain unchanged however. South Africa goes on food rationing during the Twilight Years to allow it to export more.

Domestic production: 156+Food 5+trade and commerce 10 = 171 points
Military budget: 46 (includes extra ammunition)
Nuclear research 6 (ongoing)
Level 3 social spending 20 points
Intelligence service 5 points
Civil defense 4 points
Research (very heavy lift rockets)(year 3 of 4) 12 points
Spy Satellite Network Maintenance-6 points
Microcomputer Industry Development- 5 points (year 6 of 10)
Communications and Early Warning satellites – 9 points
Builds:
6 x Kfir (South African Cheetah) 18 points (replace losses and older aircraft)
2 x expert pilots 8 points
rural electrification for Oman, Western Arabia, North Yemen 3 points
2 attack helicopter units 4 points
2 cargo helicopter units 4 points
2 transport helicopter units 4 points
6 expert pilots 24 points
cost of food subsidies 5 points

South Africa is able to export sufficient food to feed 55 million which it sends to EEU nations that need it

1965
Military forces
Army: 3 mechanized infantry divisions, 1 armored division, 2 parachute brigades (all elite), 1 HQ (average), 1 mechanized flak brigade (average), 1 commando battalion (handpicked) 8 points
National Police: 3 militia units (0)
Navy: 1 heavy carrier, 4 light missile cruisers, 6 destroyers, 4 frigates, 1 amphibious group, 1 coastal patrol group, 1 heavy carrier air wing, 1 2nd generation SSBN, 1 marine light infantry brigade (elite), 9.75 points
Air Force: 6 x Cheetah (Kfir), 1 x C130, 1 x Vulcan bomber wing, 3 x attack helicopter wings, 3 x transport helicopter wings, 2 x cargo helicopter wings, 5 x elite pilots, 6 x expert pilots, 5 average pilots
(all pilots funded for expert level beginning this year) 23 points
1965
Budget remains 171 points
total military 40.75 points
Nuclear research 6 (ongoing)
Level 4 social spending 20 points
Civil defense 4 points
Research (very heavy lift rockets)(year 4 of 4) 12 points
Spy Satellite Network Maintenance-6 points
Microcomputer Industry Development- 5 points (year 7 of 10)
Communications and Early Warning satellites – 9 points
Food Aid to Europe 5 points
infrastructure improvements for Oman, Western Arabia, North Yemen 5 points
rural electrification for Oman, Western Arabia, North Yemen 3 points
convert SSBN to SSNC 2 points
purchase 14 garrison units (reserve units for each production city) 42 points
purchase 2 garrison units (1 reserve unit each for Oman and North Yemen for their military)
ICBMs scrapped
Intelligence service 5 points

1966 -67
Military budget: 48 points
Nuclear research 6 (ongoing)
Level 4 social spending 20 points
Civil defense 4 points
Spy Satellite Network Maintenance-6 points
Microcomputer Industry Development- 5 points (year 8 and 9 of 10)
Communications and Early Warning satellites – 9 points
Food Aid to Europe 5 points
infrastructure improvements for Oman, Western Arabia, North Yemen 5 points
Aquaduct system connecting Lakes Tanganyika and Nyasa to farmland in Botswana and South Africa
31 points (year 1 and 2 of 5)
nuclear warship research 12 points
prepositioned equipment for 3 mechanize divisions, 1 armored division, 1 HQ, plus ammunition and spares for 6 months of combat in Oman 15 points (2 years)
Intelligence service 5 points
1968
Military budget: 48 points
Nuclear research 6 (ongoing)
Level 4 social spending 20 points
Civil defense 4 points
Spy Satellite Network Maintenance-6 points
Microcomputer Industry Development- 5 points (year 10 of 10)
Communications and Early Warning satellites – 9 points
Food Aid to Europe 5 points
Aquaduct system connecting Lakes Tanganyika and Nyasa to farmland in Botswana and South Africa
31 points (year 3 of 5)
Intelligence service 5 points
2 KC135 units, 2 expert pilots, 12 points
1 E3 unit, 1 expert pilot, 21 points
1 C123, 1 expert pilot 6 points






1969 South Africa reaches tech level 8
Military budget 55.75
Nuclear research 6 (ongoing)
Level 4 social spending 20 points
Civil defense 4 points
Spy Satellite Network Maintenance-6 points
Communications and Early Warning satellites – 9 points
Food Aid to Europe 5 points
Aquaduct system connecting Lakes Tanganyika and Nyasa to farmland in Botswana and South Africa
31 points (year 4 of 5)
Intelligence service 5 points
1 3rd generation SSNs (LA class) 10 point
National Training Center
Top Gun School
refit 2 cruisers to tech level 8 4 points

1970 South Africa
Population: 45 million tech level 8
78 production centers (Capetown 10, Pretoria/Johannesburg 10, Durban 10, Salisbury 10, Kimberly 5, Benguela 5, Mossamedes 2, Luanda 5, Beria / Sofala 5, Quilimane 4, Diego Suarez 5, Livingston 5, Reunion 1, Mauritius 1 (maximum is 135)
Energy: oil 4, natural gas 3, coal 4, nuclear 6,
Commerce and tourism: 27 shipping units, 3 national airlines, 2 international airlines, tourism 4, (commerce maximum is 60 as that is maximum at tech level 8 plus 4 for tourism)
Food: 76
South Africa goes to cut spending to get a growth rate of 6% for 1970 (which will get it 13 production centers in 1971)
Domestic production 78 + commerce and tourism 64 + food 1+ oil export 2 = 145
Nuclear research 6 (ongoing)
Level 4 social spending 27 points
Civil defense 4.5 points
Spy Satellite Network Maintenance-6 points
Communications and Early Warning satellites – 9 points
Aquaduct system connecting Lakes Tanganyika and Nyasa to farmland in Botswana and South Africa
31 points (year 5 of 5) upon completion will boost agricultural output of South Africa by 20% (permanent increase)
Intelligence service 5 points
Military 1970
Army – 1 armored division, 3 mechanized divisions, 2 parachute brigades, (elite)1 commando battalion (handpicked) 1 HQ unit 1 mechanized flak brigade (average), 3 attack helicopter units, 3 transport helicopter units, 2 cargo helicopter units, 8 elite pilots, 15.5 points
Reserve Army – 14 garrison units, 3.5 points
Air Force - Air Force: 6 x Cheetah (Kfir), 1 x C130, 1 x Vulcan bomber wing, 1 C130 wing, 1 C123 wing, 2 KC135 wings, 1 E3 AEW wing, 13 x elite pilots, 24 points
Navy – 1 CVA, 1 heavy air wing, 2 tech 8 missile cruisers, 6 tech 7 destroyers, 4 tech 7.5 frigates, 1 1st generation SSNC, 1 3rd generation SSN, 1 coastal patrol unit, 1 amphibious assault group, 8.5 points
Laid up: 2 tech 7.5 cruisers,
Marines: 1 marine light infantry brigade (elite) .75 points
Total military budget: 52.25 points
Military has a NTC, Top Gun School, national air defense radar system, space program has tracking stations and is tied in with Commonwealth and North American countries
Space shuttle research (12 points of 72)
Add F14s to heavy air group 2 points

the African National Congress attempts at subversion have been crushed by effective military and police action, public disinterest in rocking the boat in the middle of global problems, and the fact that the South African government weathered the economic storm in very good condition and much stronger.

By 1970, the Republic of South Africa has become a significant world power, primarily through its luck during the Twilight War and the ensuing global market crashes. The RSA now exports food and energy resources, and has invested billions of pounds in both southern Africa and the Arabian peninsula in order to modernize those areas and increase agricultural and industrial production.

The "New Federalism" of the governing Progressive-Federal Party has seen numerous changes adopted in South Africa. The various colonial trust territories have been annexed into the Republic as full provinces, with Nyasaland and Swaziland remaining protectorates, and Angola a UN Mandate. In an effort to bring government closer to the people, provincial councils have been abolished, and replaced with full provincial legislatures. In 1967, President van Aarten continued with his policy of "Reconciliation and Justice" by replacing the South African Pound, South Africa's currency since independence in 1906, to the South African Rand, a more distinctly South African currency. One rand is still equivalent to a British pound, though for some time during the global market depression the rand exceeded in value both the pound sterling and the US dollar. The exception to the rand zone is Rhodesia, which instead operates on a standard of the Rhodesian Dollar. The dollar is fixed in value to the rand, and both currencies are accepted in Rhodesia, Botswana, and Zambia.

Upon being granted provinical status, much of the new RSA embraced its African identity almost instantly, abandoning names handed down by Europeans and bring native customs and culture to the forefront. Botswana, Namibia, Zambia, Lesotho, and Malegasi have all adopted native names for their lands, and are all governed by Africans. Only South Africa and Rhodesia have white executives, though by constitutional writ all provinces in which Europeans or Asians constitute 5% or more of the population must reserve at least 10 seats in the provincial legislature for non-Africans.

With such new Afro-centric policies and a newly-revamped SADF, it remains to be seen how the RSA will tolerate incursions in African sovereignty, whether real or imagined, by extra-continental entities in this post-nuclear era.

The UIR looks forward to peaceful and beneficial relations between our two nations. If anything is needed (I've got 50 surplus oil...) do not hesitate to ask.

Korea also hopes for good relations, in this case, to continue good relations with South Africa.

ooc
try Azania for RSA

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azania

Canberra tentatively contacts the South Africans in the early 1970s about interests in a space-exploration program. (I'm not sure if you are in space at all, or with who you are with, but if you are, I'd like to work together!)

Projects would include a comprehensive satellite network over our regions of the Southern Hemisphere as well as possible manned orbital flights or interplanetary probes.

1965-1970

The Rhodesian Front, the right-wing governing party of Rhodesia and the only independence movement in the modern world led by Europeans, continues to pressure the federal government in Pretoria with calls for Rhodesian independence. Despite the similar situations of South Africa and Rhodesia, in which a white minority held power for decades over an African majority, there as always existed animosity between the British-descended Rhodesians and the overwhelming Afrikaner white population south of the Limpopo.

As of 1965, Winston Field was replaced as leader of the RF by Ian Douglas Smith, who also serves as Prime Minister of Rhodesia. Smith is ferociously conservative, and has publicly stated Rhodesia is not ready for black majority rule. Unlike its neighbor south of the Limpopo, however, Rhodesia has always allowed blacks to vote, provided they meet certain property requirements. As whites control 95% of Rhodesian property and the dominate the Rhodesian economy, relatively few blacks actually meet the necessary criteria.

Smith has outlined the eventual goal of the RF as the establishment of a Rhodesian Commonwealth Realm, a free and independent state acknowledging the British Sovereign as its head of state. It remains to be seen how the van Aarten government in Pretoria will deal with the RF should the party become more vigorous in its efforts.

In 1966 and 1967, the SADF prepositioned a significant amount of military equipment in Oman, so that the Republic would be able to support its Omani and Western Arabian allies in the Middle East. In 1970, in response to concerns over rebellion in the eastern marches of the United Islamic Republic, and the increasingly pan-Arabic rhetoric of the Arab Federation, the Republic of South Africa has deemed necessary the construction of an airbase in Oman. South Africa wishes to make it clear that the Republic always supports its allies the world over.

One mechanized division, one elite pilot group, and one unit of Kfir (Cheetah) fighters are to be stationed at Hormuz.

Secret IC:
The Hormuz Airbase contains prepositioned equipment for 3 mechanize divisions, 1 armored division, 1 HQ, plus ammunition and spares for 6 months of combat in Oman, in addition to facilities for one South Africa's submarines, the Voortrekker (SSN).

In the interest of maintaining close ties with other southern hemisphere nations, and hoping to carve out a niche in the stars for South Africa, the republic announced a new joint effort with Australasia, tentatively named the Australasian-South African Collaborative Space Program. The CSP has outlined several goals for the two nations, the most immediate of which includes a massive, in terms of both labor and cost, project to install several co-operative satellite networks; networks that will serve in numerous capacities ranging from defense and early warning systems to communications and scientific research. The South African Broadcasting Corporation and Suid-Afrika Telekom both own significant shares of stock in the new network.

In other news, Sipho Paki, a Xhosa writer and intellectual, publishes an essay titled Fortress Africa, in which he outlines the necessity of South Africa and Nigeria continuing to present a unified "continental foreign policy" in order to preserve African independence and continue to develop the continent. Citing South Africa and Nigeria as the only African states capable of standing up to foreign influence, Paki emphasizes that extra-continental influence in Africa must be stopped if the freedom of the continent is to be preserved. Paki writes, "We are now faced with the prospect of another round of the imperialism that ravaged Africa a century ago. This new imperialism, however, is of the economic, rather than the political, variety. African nations and their consumers must put the greater part of their respective incomes into African markets, into the Johannesburg Securities Exchange and the Nigerian banking system, if we as a people are to survive the new world order."

Paki's book has become popular among members of the Progressive Federal Party, as it supports the idea of South African hegemony over the continent. The ideas presented in the book are not without opponents, though, as evidenced by a cartoon published in The Sunday Times, the leading English-language newspaper in South Africa. The cartoon depicts an elderly white man and an old woman of ambiguous Asian descent waving placidly from the gate of a colonial-era stockade to several black babies, whose diapers are labeled "Congo," "East Africa," "Ethiopia," and "Liberia," among others. In a copse of trees just behind the babies crouches a pair of lions, one labeled "South Africa," ominously licking its lips, and the other "Nigeria," baring its teeth. The cartoon was not signed by the artist.

The Republic of South Africa has dispatched a battalion of special forces troops to India, to assist that nation in fighting insurgents in the East Bengal region. It is assumed among the press and the general public that the manuever is a political machination to appeal to the Indian population of South Africa.

The Nigerian government approaches South Africa with a proposal: that togetehr they form an African Defense Force (with smaller nations as signatories as well) and that this force be used both as peacekeepers within Africa and as normal military forces in order to prevent too much foriegn intervention into African affairs.

1965-1970

Following the horrors of the Twighlight War, nearly 1.5 million European immigrants fled to South Africa, seeking a new life away from the radiation-filled and war-torn cities of their homeland. The influx of nearly a million Germans and half a million Scandics had an undeniable impact on South African demographics.

Nearly all the German refugees settled in Namibia, where the European population was predominantly German to begin with. However, Namibia's population in 1964 was a mere 684,000; just under 55,000 of whom where German or Afrikaner. With the addition of roughly 800,000 German immigrants, the population swelled to 1,484,000. Seventy-one percent of the population was now European, making Namibia the only majority-white political entity on the African continent. The province's African population filed complaints in Windhoek and Pretoria, the latter of which guaranteed continued civil and political rights for Africans of the same standard they had enjoyed prior to the influx of immigrants.

The Scandic immigrants, correctly guessing that the German and Afrikaner populations of Namibia and South Africa would not be the most welcoming of hosts, settled primarily in Botswana and Rhodesia, increasing the European population to 33% of the total in Botswana and 12% in Rhodesia. Scandic immigrants were very pragmatic in their new homes, adopting the pro-British attitudes of the white Rhodesians and the relative political neutrality of the Botswanans. This influx of Europeans further solidified the Rhodesian Front's control over Rhodesia, and it has become clear that it is only a matter of time before Rhodesian interests come into conflict with larger South African goals.

With the recent influx of Germans into his new residence, old Kaiser Hubertus, age 61, felt it might be time to return to politics. After all, the current governors of South-West Afrika had no idea how to run a country, and with all of his experience, and all the new voters, he could easy make at least Windhoek a proper place to live.

In March of 1969, Hubertus Hohenzollern announced the creation of the Teutonic Party with the aims of improving life for all Teutons (read: Germans and Afrikaaners) living in Namibia. He also announced that he would begin running for Mayor of Windhoek in the 1970 election, hoping to establish the Teutonic Party and provide a much needed morale boost for the impovershed Germanic immigrants.

Hubertus Hohenzollern carries the Windhoek mayorial election by a veritable landslide, and Teutonic Party members win most elections in which they participate. The Teutonic Party makes plans for the 1973 national elections, hoping to send party members to the Volksraad in Pretoria.

The UIR requests South African help and more importantly requests that South Africa pull its troops out of India seeing the oppression caused by Indian troops and the gross human rights violations occuring there

South African Defense Forces are put on alert, given the rising tensions in South Asia, though for the moment only air transports, pilots, and naval forces are mobilized. Combat troops in the Army and offensive aircraft (i.e. fighters and bombers) remain on a lower alert level.

Local police and Staatpolitie units are forcefully separate certain ethnic groups in the larger urban areas, and patrol Indian, Chinese, and Muslim neighborhoods in force. While ethnically-motivate violence has not yet become a problem, the government has stated that it wishes to be prepared for any contingency.

The UIR passes through diplomatic channels messages to the Muslims in South Africa not to do anything that might create more tension

The Kaiserin officially sends congratulations to her father, hoping that it will bring South Afrikan-German relations closer.

Russia extends a hand to Africa as well. The government gives strong support for any RSA-Nigeria plan to protect African sovreignty (we know what it's like when countries mess around in our domestic policy. As the "only major power that refrained from imperialist activity in Africa during the Age of Imperialism" we would offer full export licenses to South Africa and Nigeria of all designs (except nuclear capable missiles).

Russia extends a hand to Africa as well. The government gives strong support for any RSA-Nigeria plan to protect African sovreignty (we know what it's like when countries mess around in our domestic policy. As the "only major power that refrained from imperialist activity in Africa during the Age of Imperialism" we would offer full export licenses to South Africa and Nigeria of all designs (except nuclear capable missiles).

Nigeria would be interested in the Mig 27.

MiG is Ukrainian.

MiG is Ukrainian.

Mig is Polish actually... Ukraine makes the T34/55/62/72 and eventually T80 series of tanks at its plant in Kharkov

and sells them on the world market

In late 1970, a young man in his early twenties is elected President of the South African Student's Union. A student at the Natal Medical University, Stephen Biko is known by many of his friends and fellow students to be something of a firebrand, and a student of the Black Conciousness Movement...

In Heidelberg, Transvaal, a group of seven men meet in the garage of one Eugène Terre'Blanche, a police officer and ferocious Afrikaner nationalist. Discussing what they view as the coming end of the Afrikaner people, Terre'Blanche and his friends vow to fight the "black government and leftist media:" The inevitable transfer of the executive office to an African, and perceived biases of the SABC. They call themselves the Afrikaner Weerstandsbeweging ("Afrikaner Resistance Movement"), and begin to work on designing a recognizable emblem. One sketch shows a triskelion of black sevens in a circle of white, against a background of red...

In Salisbury, Rhodesia, Prime Minister Ian Smith holds a secret emergency meeting with his Cabinet. It has become clear to Smith and his colleagues that the government in Pretoria has no intention of listening to the Rhodesian Front's requests, and will not grant Rhodesia any sort of meaningful independence. The time has come for Salisbury to act...

Yielding to protestors, the South African government declares a full trade embargo on China until such time as the Chinese military is withdrawn from Kashgaria and Tibet, and native civilian governments rule said territories.