Rudolfensia
12-12-2004, 07:10
Communications Sattelite:
Milstar 2
for tactical military forces
complete constellation is composed of nine Milstar 2 satellites and one spare
Milstar 2 satellites would weigh approximately 10,000 pounds
A higher-capacity Medium Data Rate than Milstar 1
The MDR payload will support 1.544 megabit channels that will be in addition to the 2.4 kilobit low data rate channels originally planned for Milstar satellites. The higher data rate of the MDR payload will enhance support to tactical users in the field. Other segments of the Milstar antenna suite include two crosslink antennas at the ends of the satellite wings. On the left wing are the helical Ultra High Frequency antennas, two of the three directional spot beam antennas (the third is hidden by the wing structure), and the box-shaped agile beam antennas. The large solar arrays generate power to operate the satellite.
CommonSense
provide global voice, fax, and message communications services to users equipped with portable handsets.
12 satellites (with two ground spares)
Spacecraft
Spacecraft will rotate attitude to remain focused on a service region. Solar power is 4600 W (EOL). The satellites will connect the user to a Ka-band ground station, where the call is routed into the normal telephone system. No satellite crosslinks are used in this constellation. Each region will have one ground station equipped with four 16.4 ft antennas. 10 - 11 stations are planned worldwide.
Payload
Channel capacity of each satellite: 3000 digital voice circuits at 4.8 kbps. Total beamwidth: 40 deg. provides coverage to regions 7400 km across. The beam is made up of 37 cells, each covering a 1100 km diameter circle. Power distribution will allow up to 25% of total satellite power to be concentrated in one cell, and 75% of the capacity could be focused on 10% of a region. Link margin is 6 to 10 dB. Each satellite has 37x25W bent-pipe S-Band transmitters (2486.42, 2491.75 and 2497.06 Mhz) with antenna gain of 25-30 dB from a 5.2 ft reflector. Handset transmitter power will be 0.5W with a hemispherical antenna pattern using L-Band uplink (1612.32, 1618.25 and 1623.58 Mhz). Each of the 6 channels (3 uplink and 3 downlink) are 5.5 Mhz wide. The L-Band signals are received by the S/C with an 8 ft reflector. Signals will use spread-spectrum CDMA.
Orbit MEO, 10350 km circular, 50 deg inclination, 4 S/C evenly spaced in each of three planes. Orbit period is 6 hours.
Intelligence Gathering:
Sirius
photographic intelligence satellite
E-300 Enhanced Collection System
very large, Lightweight optics
large version of Sirius
Discoverer II
constellation of relatively inexpensive radar satellites designed to affordably provide near-continuous, day/night, all-weather, synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imaging support to the warfighter that could be directly tasked by the warfighter and directly downlinked to theater for processing and exploitation
space-based High Range Resolution Ground Moving Target Indication
near-continuous, deep-look battlefield coverage from space
constellation of 24 satellites configured with Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) will allow for direct tasking control to a deployed Joint Task Force [JTF] tactical commander.
allow for a very rapid revisit rate (about 15 minutes) to most areas of the earth. The Discover II system would be capable of generating very high resolution elevation data (1 meter post spacings) and highly accurate radar imagery.
WARFIGHTER
tactical Hyperspectral Imaging (HIS) remote sensing system.
Hyperspectral imagery is an emerging technology that utilizes a large number of frequency bands enabling the detection and identification of ground targets and conditions that would not be seen by other satellite sensor systems.
combines commercial and military market needs,
Orbit:
470 Km
97.3 Deg. Inclination
Sun Synchronous
10:30am Descending Node
Imagers:
1-Meter Panchromatic
4-Meter Multispectral
8-Meter Hyperspectral
Sensor Characteristics:
Body Scanning Whisk-Broom Scan Imager
Field of Regard: ±50°
8 x 8 Km Nominal Scene Size In Pan/Multispectral Modes
Panchromatic @ 1 & 2 Meter GSD
Multispectral - 4 Bands @ 4 Meter GSD
5 x 20 Km Scene Size For Hyperspectral Modes
Visible/NIR/SWIR/MWIR @ 8 Meter GSD
2 Grating Spectrometers
280 Spectral Bands, Ranging From 0.45 To 5.0 µm
Geo-Location Of Pixels
Panchromatic Pixels To Better Than 12 Meters @ 90%
Hyperspectral Pixels To Within 75 Meters 3
Downlink Data Rate: 150 Mbps
3 Watt X-Band Transmitter @ 8.2 GHz
Onboard Data Storage: 32 Gb
Five 100 Km2 Hypercubes
Encryption:
Uplink - NSA Encrypted
Downlink - Commercial Data Encryption Standard
Navigational Sats:
GPS 4
consolidates the satellite and operational control subsystems into one optimized package
constellation of 33 satellites
compatibility and interoperability with the current space vehicles, ground control system, and user equipment.
feature advanced atomic clocks to greatly improve performance and give the control segment greater visibility into the health of the units. With four frequency standards composed of both cesium and rubidium technologies, these extremely accurate GPS atomic clocks must keep time to within 8 nanoseconds a day.
he processor-controlled cesium clocks continuously optimize their performance by adjusting internal parameters and compensating for environmental effects. They also perform self-checkout diagnostics
Weather Monitoring Sattelite:
Gaia2
Operational Linescan System which provides continuous visual and infrared imagery of cloud cover over a swath 1,800 miles wide. Additional satellite sensors measure atmospheric vertical profiles of moisture and temperature.
monitor and predict regional and global weather patterns; including the presence of severe thunderstorms, hurricanes, and typhoons.
also measure local charged particles and electromagnetic fields to assess the impact of the ionosphere on ballistic-missile early warning radar systems and long-range communications. Additionally, these data are used to monitor global auroral activity and to predict the effects of the space environment on military satellite operations.
Missile Launch Detector:
DSP
early warning system for the detection of long range ballistic missile launches and nuclear detonations
SDI: These sats make up the Pandora's Box system.
Warhawk
dentify and track ballistic missiles during flight
In addition, it will perform scientific investigations of the composition and dynamics of the Earth's atmosphere by observing ozone, chloroflourocarbons, carbon dioxide and methane.
Spacecraft
3-axis stabilized to 0.01 deg using reaction wheels with knowledge to 9 µ rad (post-processed). 108 Gbits data storage. Steerable X-band antennas with 2 kbps uplink and downlink up to 25 Mbps. Dual solar arrays (single-axis articulation) provide 1200 W BOL. NiH2 batteries.
Payload
The instruments consist of 11 optical sensors making observations at a wide range of infrared, visible and ultraviolet wavelengths from 110 nm to 28 µ m. Primary instruments: SPIRIT III (Space Infrared Imaging Telescope), UVISI (Ultraviolet and Visible Imagers and Spectrographic Imagers), SBV (Space-Based Visible instrument), OSDP (On-board Signal and Data Processor), and reference objects (2 cm spheres to be deployed from MSX).
Size 1.5 x 1.5 x 5.1 meters
Orbit 900 km, high inclination, circular, near-sun-synchronous
Vigilence
24-inch mirror deflects ground based lasers back to target points on earth.
Payload
The precision relay mirror was 24 in. (61 cm) and had a pointing accuracy of 0.2 arcsec. (at least one fourth of a city block)
Orbit 457x478 km, include.=43.1 deg
180M per spacecraft.
Spacecraft
Spacecraft spin slowly (6 rpm) about the nadir axis to permit scanning of the Earth by the detector system. Zero momentum stabilized using a reaction wheel to counter the spacecraft spin. Four solar panels deploy to generate roughly 1300 W. Radiation hardened.
Payload
Payload classified, but thought to include telescope with 6000 element IR array, nuclear explosion detectors, particle detection monitors.
Size 33 ft long, 14 ft diameter
Orbit Geosynchronous
HLS
HotLine Sattelite
Emergency Communications Sattalite
Allows emergency communications between the leaders on of various nations in times of international crises, to facilitate bilateral talks between heated adversaries with the purpose of completing peace talks from bunkers and and other safe zones.
Communication through the sat. takes place as if the participants are in the same room.
Can be used only by national leaders.
Navajo
military communications sattalite
encodes and encrypts military comms. which must be uncoded and unencrypted at the target point with a specially made instrument.
Diagram of Pandora's Box: Note there are more sats in PB than shown on the diagram.
http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v245/vetobob/planes%20and%20SDI/PandorasBoxsystemdiagram.gif
PB is boosted by earth based OTHR (Over The Horizon Radar)
Definition: A radar system that makes use of the atmospheric reflection and refraction phenomena to extend its range of detection beyond line of sight. Over-the-horizon radars may be either forward scatter or backscatter systems.
Basically its what allowed the US and USSR to see each others missile tests without either having sats.
http://www.rl.af.mil/History/Radar/OverHorizonDetection.GIF
Milstar 2
for tactical military forces
complete constellation is composed of nine Milstar 2 satellites and one spare
Milstar 2 satellites would weigh approximately 10,000 pounds
A higher-capacity Medium Data Rate than Milstar 1
The MDR payload will support 1.544 megabit channels that will be in addition to the 2.4 kilobit low data rate channels originally planned for Milstar satellites. The higher data rate of the MDR payload will enhance support to tactical users in the field. Other segments of the Milstar antenna suite include two crosslink antennas at the ends of the satellite wings. On the left wing are the helical Ultra High Frequency antennas, two of the three directional spot beam antennas (the third is hidden by the wing structure), and the box-shaped agile beam antennas. The large solar arrays generate power to operate the satellite.
CommonSense
provide global voice, fax, and message communications services to users equipped with portable handsets.
12 satellites (with two ground spares)
Spacecraft
Spacecraft will rotate attitude to remain focused on a service region. Solar power is 4600 W (EOL). The satellites will connect the user to a Ka-band ground station, where the call is routed into the normal telephone system. No satellite crosslinks are used in this constellation. Each region will have one ground station equipped with four 16.4 ft antennas. 10 - 11 stations are planned worldwide.
Payload
Channel capacity of each satellite: 3000 digital voice circuits at 4.8 kbps. Total beamwidth: 40 deg. provides coverage to regions 7400 km across. The beam is made up of 37 cells, each covering a 1100 km diameter circle. Power distribution will allow up to 25% of total satellite power to be concentrated in one cell, and 75% of the capacity could be focused on 10% of a region. Link margin is 6 to 10 dB. Each satellite has 37x25W bent-pipe S-Band transmitters (2486.42, 2491.75 and 2497.06 Mhz) with antenna gain of 25-30 dB from a 5.2 ft reflector. Handset transmitter power will be 0.5W with a hemispherical antenna pattern using L-Band uplink (1612.32, 1618.25 and 1623.58 Mhz). Each of the 6 channels (3 uplink and 3 downlink) are 5.5 Mhz wide. The L-Band signals are received by the S/C with an 8 ft reflector. Signals will use spread-spectrum CDMA.
Orbit MEO, 10350 km circular, 50 deg inclination, 4 S/C evenly spaced in each of three planes. Orbit period is 6 hours.
Intelligence Gathering:
Sirius
photographic intelligence satellite
E-300 Enhanced Collection System
very large, Lightweight optics
large version of Sirius
Discoverer II
constellation of relatively inexpensive radar satellites designed to affordably provide near-continuous, day/night, all-weather, synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imaging support to the warfighter that could be directly tasked by the warfighter and directly downlinked to theater for processing and exploitation
space-based High Range Resolution Ground Moving Target Indication
near-continuous, deep-look battlefield coverage from space
constellation of 24 satellites configured with Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) will allow for direct tasking control to a deployed Joint Task Force [JTF] tactical commander.
allow for a very rapid revisit rate (about 15 minutes) to most areas of the earth. The Discover II system would be capable of generating very high resolution elevation data (1 meter post spacings) and highly accurate radar imagery.
WARFIGHTER
tactical Hyperspectral Imaging (HIS) remote sensing system.
Hyperspectral imagery is an emerging technology that utilizes a large number of frequency bands enabling the detection and identification of ground targets and conditions that would not be seen by other satellite sensor systems.
combines commercial and military market needs,
Orbit:
470 Km
97.3 Deg. Inclination
Sun Synchronous
10:30am Descending Node
Imagers:
1-Meter Panchromatic
4-Meter Multispectral
8-Meter Hyperspectral
Sensor Characteristics:
Body Scanning Whisk-Broom Scan Imager
Field of Regard: ±50°
8 x 8 Km Nominal Scene Size In Pan/Multispectral Modes
Panchromatic @ 1 & 2 Meter GSD
Multispectral - 4 Bands @ 4 Meter GSD
5 x 20 Km Scene Size For Hyperspectral Modes
Visible/NIR/SWIR/MWIR @ 8 Meter GSD
2 Grating Spectrometers
280 Spectral Bands, Ranging From 0.45 To 5.0 µm
Geo-Location Of Pixels
Panchromatic Pixels To Better Than 12 Meters @ 90%
Hyperspectral Pixels To Within 75 Meters 3
Downlink Data Rate: 150 Mbps
3 Watt X-Band Transmitter @ 8.2 GHz
Onboard Data Storage: 32 Gb
Five 100 Km2 Hypercubes
Encryption:
Uplink - NSA Encrypted
Downlink - Commercial Data Encryption Standard
Navigational Sats:
GPS 4
consolidates the satellite and operational control subsystems into one optimized package
constellation of 33 satellites
compatibility and interoperability with the current space vehicles, ground control system, and user equipment.
feature advanced atomic clocks to greatly improve performance and give the control segment greater visibility into the health of the units. With four frequency standards composed of both cesium and rubidium technologies, these extremely accurate GPS atomic clocks must keep time to within 8 nanoseconds a day.
he processor-controlled cesium clocks continuously optimize their performance by adjusting internal parameters and compensating for environmental effects. They also perform self-checkout diagnostics
Weather Monitoring Sattelite:
Gaia2
Operational Linescan System which provides continuous visual and infrared imagery of cloud cover over a swath 1,800 miles wide. Additional satellite sensors measure atmospheric vertical profiles of moisture and temperature.
monitor and predict regional and global weather patterns; including the presence of severe thunderstorms, hurricanes, and typhoons.
also measure local charged particles and electromagnetic fields to assess the impact of the ionosphere on ballistic-missile early warning radar systems and long-range communications. Additionally, these data are used to monitor global auroral activity and to predict the effects of the space environment on military satellite operations.
Missile Launch Detector:
DSP
early warning system for the detection of long range ballistic missile launches and nuclear detonations
SDI: These sats make up the Pandora's Box system.
Warhawk
dentify and track ballistic missiles during flight
In addition, it will perform scientific investigations of the composition and dynamics of the Earth's atmosphere by observing ozone, chloroflourocarbons, carbon dioxide and methane.
Spacecraft
3-axis stabilized to 0.01 deg using reaction wheels with knowledge to 9 µ rad (post-processed). 108 Gbits data storage. Steerable X-band antennas with 2 kbps uplink and downlink up to 25 Mbps. Dual solar arrays (single-axis articulation) provide 1200 W BOL. NiH2 batteries.
Payload
The instruments consist of 11 optical sensors making observations at a wide range of infrared, visible and ultraviolet wavelengths from 110 nm to 28 µ m. Primary instruments: SPIRIT III (Space Infrared Imaging Telescope), UVISI (Ultraviolet and Visible Imagers and Spectrographic Imagers), SBV (Space-Based Visible instrument), OSDP (On-board Signal and Data Processor), and reference objects (2 cm spheres to be deployed from MSX).
Size 1.5 x 1.5 x 5.1 meters
Orbit 900 km, high inclination, circular, near-sun-synchronous
Vigilence
24-inch mirror deflects ground based lasers back to target points on earth.
Payload
The precision relay mirror was 24 in. (61 cm) and had a pointing accuracy of 0.2 arcsec. (at least one fourth of a city block)
Orbit 457x478 km, include.=43.1 deg
180M per spacecraft.
Spacecraft
Spacecraft spin slowly (6 rpm) about the nadir axis to permit scanning of the Earth by the detector system. Zero momentum stabilized using a reaction wheel to counter the spacecraft spin. Four solar panels deploy to generate roughly 1300 W. Radiation hardened.
Payload
Payload classified, but thought to include telescope with 6000 element IR array, nuclear explosion detectors, particle detection monitors.
Size 33 ft long, 14 ft diameter
Orbit Geosynchronous
HLS
HotLine Sattelite
Emergency Communications Sattalite
Allows emergency communications between the leaders on of various nations in times of international crises, to facilitate bilateral talks between heated adversaries with the purpose of completing peace talks from bunkers and and other safe zones.
Communication through the sat. takes place as if the participants are in the same room.
Can be used only by national leaders.
Navajo
military communications sattalite
encodes and encrypts military comms. which must be uncoded and unencrypted at the target point with a specially made instrument.
Diagram of Pandora's Box: Note there are more sats in PB than shown on the diagram.
http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v245/vetobob/planes%20and%20SDI/PandorasBoxsystemdiagram.gif
PB is boosted by earth based OTHR (Over The Horizon Radar)
Definition: A radar system that makes use of the atmospheric reflection and refraction phenomena to extend its range of detection beyond line of sight. Over-the-horizon radars may be either forward scatter or backscatter systems.
Basically its what allowed the US and USSR to see each others missile tests without either having sats.
http://www.rl.af.mil/History/Radar/OverHorizonDetection.GIF