NationStates Jolt Archive

From the office of Prime Minister Bottom Burp :shock:

To: All Nation States

I respectfully request anybody who is pals with Santa Claus (that most revered and respected red cheeked fellow) to as him to send a little snow on my Freeland of Jasada.
I asked my daughter what she wanted for Christmas and she said SNOW.

I ask to trade hash vodka ale and refugees for some snow (terms to be agreed)

Respectfully yours
Prime Minister Bottom Burp :shock:

OMG my advisors told me that she might not have meant the white stuff that falls from the sky made of H2O...oh well what the heck any kind will do...
Prime Minister Bottom Burp :shock:

I know that SUCKS, I want snoe too!!!

I know that SUCKS, I want snoe too!!!
From the office of Prime Minister Bottom Burp :shock:
To: Lynxy_turd/Doujin


My daughter and subsequently my armies of ferrets are upset, we had notification of a response to our PLEA and all you can say is
"I know that SUCKS, I want snoe too!!"

Our Ferrets are warming up to protect our freedom to ask for SNOW

Respectfully yours

Prime minister Bottom Burp :shock:
http://www.nationstates.net/cgi-bin/index.cgi/target=display_nation/nation=jasada

Mcustoms officers have just intercepted a ship packed full of white stuff which could be classified as snow. I apologise if this is causing your daughter any inconvience this christmas but until the shippers have payed me the neccessary taxes the "snow" will remain embargoed. :cry:

Mcustoms officers have just intercepted a ship packed full of white stuff which could be classified as snow. I apologise if this is causing your daughter any inconvience this christmas but until the shippers have payed me the neccessary taxes the "snow" will remain embargoed. :cry:
From the office of Prime Minister Bottom Burp :shock:

Classification of snow could be detrimental under the trade descriptions act of 2003 Is it snow or not? what is the chemical make up and what are the taxes?

Respectfully yours

Prime Minister Bottom Burp :shock:

From me to the world

where oh where is the snow queen or is that santa in drag??

Prime Minister Bottom Burp :shock:

Mcustoms officers have just intercepted a ship packed full of white stuff which could be classified as snow. I apologise if this is causing your daughter any inconvience this christmas but until the shippers have payed me the neccessary taxes the "snow" will remain embargoed. :cry:
From the office of Prime Minister Bottom Burp :shock:

Classification of snow could be detrimental under the trade descriptions act of 2003 Is it snow or not? what is the chemical make up and what are the taxes?

Respectfully yours

Prime Minister Bottom Burp :shock:

I've no idea what the make up is!! We are are a new state and lack the high teck fangled gagetry that tells us that. It is a white powdery substance that doesn't melt in warm conditions. My high ranking advisors keep sneaking off and coming back complaining that pink bunny rabbits are running round the room. I cannot see these rabbits at all.

The taxes on white substances in our Kindgdom are very reasonable. Normally only 20 Beer Cans a boat load. However as I am trying to run a Kingdom and I am suddenly lacking sane advisors I will let you have the stuff for 10 Beer Cans. :P

Mcustoms officers have just intercepted a ship packed full of white stuff which could be classified as snow. I apologise if this is causing your daughter any inconvience this christmas but until the shippers have payed me the neccessary taxes the "snow" will remain embargoed. :cry:
From the office of Prime Minister Bottom Burp :shock:

Classification of snow could be detrimental under the trade descriptions act of 2003 Is it snow or not? what is the chemical make up and what are the taxes?

Respectfully yours

Prime Minister Bottom Burp :shock:


I've no idea what the make up is!! We are are a new state and lack the high teck fangled gagetry that tells us that. It is a white powdery substance that doesn't melt in warm conditions. My high ranking advisors keep sneaking off and coming back complaining that pink bunny rabbits are running round the room. I cannot see these rabbits at all.

The taxes on white substances in our Kindgdom are very reasonable. Normally only 20 Beer Cans a boat load. However as I am trying to run a Kingdom and I am suddenly lacking sane advisors I will let you have the stuff for 10 Beer Cans. :P

From the Prime Minister Bottom Burp :shock:

To: Pepper & Pickle

White powdery substance that maybe causes one to see pink furry rabbits, my advisors tell me this is good enough and wont compromise the trades description act, therefore we pledge by fast FEDEX 10 aluminium EMPTY beer cans..we therefore humbly seel this deal as per your request for 1 boat load REMEMBER what is one man's rubbish is another man's treasure,

Respectfully yours
Prime Minister Bottom Burp :shock:

http://www.nationstates.net/cgi-bin/index.cgi/target=display_nation/nation=jasada

From the Prime Minister Bottom Burp :shock:

To: Pepper & Pickle

White powdery substance that maybe causes one to see pink furry rabbits, my advisors tell me this is good enough and wont compromise the trades description act, therefore we pledge by fast FEDEX 10 aluminium EMPTY beer cans..we therefore humbly seel this deal as per your request for 1 boat load REMEMBER what is one man's rubbish is another man's treasure,

Respectfully yours
Prime Minister Bottom Burp :shock:

http://www.nationstates.net/cgi-bin/index.cgi/target=display_nation/nation=jasada[/quote]

:D Glad we can do Business. I can confirm receipt of the cans (unfortunatley empty but I suppose I didn't specify that they should be full.....). The boat load is on its way. Have a very merry christmas!

From the Prime Minister Bottom Burp :shock:

To: Pepper & Pickle

White powdery substance that maybe causes one to see pink furry rabbits, my advisors tell me this is good enough and wont compromise the trades description act, therefore we pledge by fast FEDEX 10 aluminium EMPTY beer cans..we therefore humbly seel this deal as per your request for 1 boat load REMEMBER what is one man's rubbish is another man's treasure,

Respectfully yours
Prime Minister Bottom Burp :shock:

http://www.nationstates.net/cgi-bin/index.cgi/target=display_nation/nation=jasada

:D Glad we can do Business. I can confirm receipt of the cans (unfortunatley empty but I suppose I didn't specify that they should be full.....). The boat load is on its way. Have a very merry christmas![/quote]

From the personal pad of Prime Minister Bottom Burp :shock:

I am pleased to see that our transport system (fedex) has worked (phew). If my country can be of further assistance for trade (need some couches if you have any spare) then please dont hesitate to ask. Alternatively if your governments popularity is waning and we have good trade negotiations in the future then we would be prepared to wage war with you. After all a country does tend to unite behind a governemtn when at war. Particularly if the Minister for Misinformation is doing their job right and masking the real reasons (i refer you to Iraq war 2 year 2003 AD) for conflict.

respectfully yours

Prime Minister Bottom Burp :shock:

http://www.nationstates.net/cgi-bin/index.cgi/target=display_nation/nation=jasada

All we see is sand, sand and more sand.
Folks here have no idea what snow is.

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

All we see is sand, sand and more sand.
Folks here have no idea what snow is.

from the Office of Prime Minister Bottom Burp :shock:
To: Jerusalem

My Ministers advise me to tell you that according to the Conscise Jasada Dictionary snow is atmospheric vapour frozen and falling as flakes of white crystals, cold & wet to the touch.

Alternatively think of white stuff you stick up your nose and see furry pigs afterwards. Either way if we can be of further assistance then dont hesitate to contact my government

Respectfully Yours

Prime Minister Bottom Burp :shock:

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Office of prime Minister Bottom Burp :shock:
To: CornixPes

I trust that by your exclamation that you aren't giving a belated response to the recent international sport of Rugby and that you are not affiliated with that prison Australia????

If my government can be of assistance and you wish to trade snow, ferrets, psychiatric couches, oxygen making machine or a good war then please don't hesitate to respond

respectfully yours

Prime Minister Bottom Burp :shock:

There isn't snow here :cry:

All we see is sand, sand and more sand.
Folks here have no idea what snow is.

from the Office of Prime Minister Bottom Burp :shock:
To: Jerusalem

My Ministers advise me to tell you that according to the Conscise Jasada Dictionary snow is atmospheric vapour frozen and falling as flakes of white crystals, cold & wet to the touch.

Alternatively think of white stuff you stick up your nose and see furry pigs afterwards. Either way if we can be of further assistance then dont hesitate to contact my government

Respectfully Yours

Prime Minister Bottom Burp :shock:

"Folks" referred to the illiterate masses. The rich can go skiing elsewhere because they can afford it.

I know that SUCKS, I want snoe too!!!


ME TOO!!!!

From the office of Minister of Information Mohammed Mis. Inform

I am pleased to announce to all nations that my team of scientists and our most revered Prime Minister needs no longer to seek out anyone with connections to Santa Claus. We have devised the ultimate in SNOW technology.......

We readily post this information for the benefit of children everywhere..All we ask is that sensible donations are mad to children's charities in all of your regions if you use the schematics to follow. We also ask the you inform my office of your donation. AND A UN ENDORSEMENT SO THAT OUR WORLD BENEFICIAL INVENTIONS CAN BE SHARED OVER :D

Respectfully yours,

Minister Mohammed Mis. Inform

Snowmaking is a heat exchange process. Heat is removed from snowmaking water by evaporative and convective cooling and released into the surrounding environment. This heat creates a micro-climate inside the snowmaking plume that is very different from ambient conditions. Understanding this process can lead to practical benefits to the snowmaker.

There are many variables that affect snowmaking. Three of the most important variables are wet bulb temperature, nucleation temperature and droplet size.

Wet Bulb Temperature

The temperature of a water droplet exiting a snow gun is typically between 34 F and 44 F. Once a water droplet passes the nozzle and is released into the air, its temperature falls rapidly due to expansive and convective cooling and evaporative effects. The droplet's temperature will continue to fall until equilibrium is reached. this is the wet bulb temperature and it is as important as dry bulb (ambient) temperature in predicting snowmaking success. For example, snowmaking temperatures at 28 F and 10% humidity are equivalent to those at 20 F and 90% humidity.

Nucleation Temperature

Once the wet bulb temperature is know, there must be a way to predict whether water droplets will actually freeze at that temperature.

Ice is the result of a liquid (water) becoming a solid (ice) by an event called nucleation. A water droplet must first reach its nucleation temperature to freeze. there are two types of nucleation, homogeneous nucleation and heterogeneous nucleation.



Water molecules in liquid form.


(Solid Form) Molecules Form A Hexagonal Array



Homogeneous nucleation

Homogeneous nucleation occurs in pure water with no contact with any other foreign substance or surface. With homogeneous nucleation, the conversion of the liquid state to solid state is done by either lowering temperatures or by changes in pressure. However, the primary influence on the conversion of water to ice or ice to water is temperature.

In homogeneous nucleation, the nucleation begins when a very small volume of water molecules reaches the solid state. This small volume of water molecules reaches the solid state. This small volume of molecules is called the embryo and becomes the basis for further growth until all of the water is converted. the growth process is controlled by the rate of removal of the latent heat being released. Molecules are attaching and detaching from the embryo at roughly equal and very rapid rates. As more molecules attach to the embryo, energy is released causing the temperature of the attached molecules to be lower than the temperature of the unattached molecules. The growth rate continues until all the molecules are attached. At this point, you have the solid state (ice).

Most of us would think pure water freezes at 0 C or 32 F. In fact, the nucleation event (freezing) for pure water will take place as low as minus 40 C or minus 40 F. This is mostly likely to occur in laboratory experiments or high in the upper atmosphere (upper troposphere).



Heterogeneous nucleation

The heterogeneous nucleation process is when ice forms at temperatures above minus 40 C or minus 40 F due to the presence of a foreign material in the water. this foreign material acts as the embryo and grows more rapidly than embryos of pure water. The location on which an ice embryo is formed is called an ice-nucleating site. As with homogeneous nucleation, heterogeneous nucleation is governed by two major factors: the free energy change involved in forming the embryo and the dynamic of fluctuating embryo growth. In heterogeneous nucleation, the configuration and energy of interaction at the nucleating site become the dominating influence in the conversion of water to ice.

Snowmaking involves the process of heterogeneous nucleation. There are many materials and substances which act as nucleates, each promotes freezing at a specific temperature or nucleation temperature. they are generally categorized as high-temperature (i.e., sliver iodide, dry ice and ice nucleating proteins) or low-temperature (i.e., calcium, magnesium, dust and silt) nucleates. It is the low-temperature cucleators that are found in large numbers in untreated snowmaking water. the nucleation temperature of snowmaking water is between 15 F and 20F.

But wait a minute! Why do you hear freezing warnings at temperatures around 32 F? The answer is that another factor is coming into play with the freezing process. That factor is called surface (i.e., roads, highways, trees). There is an energy interaction between the ice-nucleating site in the water with the surface. This causes the water droplets to freeze very near 32 F or 0 C.

In snowmaking it is the nucleator having the highest nucleation temperature that determines when a water droplet will freeze. Research has demonstrated that 95% of natural, untreated water droplets will freeze at widely different temperatures. The average temperature being 18.2 F. Introducing a consistent high-temperature nucleator into the water will raise the freezing point. With Snomax, the freezing point rises to 26.8 F.

As a water droplet cools, heat energy is released into the atmosphere at a rate of one calorie per gram of water. As it freezes into an ice crystal, the water droplet will release additional energy at a rate of 80 calories per gram of water. this quick release of energy raises the water droplet temperature to 32 F, where it will remain while freezing continues. This is one reason why we are accustomed to thinking that water freezes at 32 F. To be precise, the water will continue to freeze as long as it remains at or below 32 F, but only after it has first cooled to its nucleation temperature. Any excess energy will be dissipated into the atmosphere.



Droplet Size

Since the distribution of various nucleators in a given volume of water is totally random, the size of the water droplet or the number of high-temperature nucleators has a significant effect on the temperature at which freezing occurs (nucleation temperature). In natural water, as the size of the water droplet decrease, the likelihood that the droplet will contain a high-temperature nucleator also decreases. Conversely, larger water droplets stand a better chance of containing high-temperature nucleators. The optimum situation for snowmakers is one where each and every droplet of water passing through the snow gun nozzle contains at least one high-temperature nucleator and where each droplet freezes in the plume.



Numbers in the droplets represent various ice-nucleating sites with different nucleation temperatures. The highest number nucleator in the droplet will determine at what temperature the water droplet will freeze.

The relationship between the variables of nucleation temperature and droplet size is summarized in two statistically valid conclusions. Firstly, a 50% increase in the droplet size results in a one-degree F increase in nucleation temperature. Secondly, a 50% decrease in droplet size results in a three-degree F decrease in nucleation temperature. These conclusions are based on an average droplet size can by counter-productive to promoting high-temperature nucleation, unless enough high-temperature nucleators are present to compensate.

Looking at the relationship between droplet size and evaporation, research in cloud seeding show that:

These conclusions further point out the undesirable results from using very small droplets, especially in areas where water loss is a critical issue.

Relating droplets size to nucleation temperature, it is possible to increase snowmaking production and efficiency by using high-temperature nucleators together with larger water droplets. this frequently not only allows increased water flow, but also reduces evaporation and yields more snow on the ground. In fact, studies indicate that a 20% increase in water flow can increase snow volume up to 40% if droplet size and nucleation temperature is optimized.

In conclusion, a better understanding of the dynamics between wet bulb temperatures; nucleation temperature and droplet size together with a practical application of the science involved can help improve the efficiency of the snow manufacturing process. :?

Actually, the snow making process is an atmospheric crystalization process. In most situations it is the nucleation portion of the crystal formation process that is the limiting factor. We suggest the practice of 'seeding' in which crystals of a similar type are suspended in the air to aid in nucleation. However, As Hubris has 7 inches of snow at the moment, we have little need for snow making equipment. But I'm sure there are several manufactures of that equipment. Although it does appear that you child desired a haluncingenic drug, not frozen water crystals. I prefer sking to being blasted myself.

http://www.eng.auburn.edu/users/donatgw/victoriatiny.jpg
Landgravine Hubris
Outer Consul of The Federated Klatchian Coast
(Ph.D Nuclear Physics, Prinction University)

Actually, the snow making process is an atmospheric crystalization process. In most situations it is the nucleation portion of the crystal formation process that is the limiting factor. We suggest the practice of 'seeding' in which crystals of a similar type are suspended in the air to aid in nucleation. However, As Hubris has 7 inches of snow at the moment, we have little need for snow making equipment. But I'm sure there are several manufactures of that equipment. Although it does appear that you child desired a haluncingenic drug, not frozen water crystals. I prefer sking to being blasted myself.

http://www.eng.auburn.edu/users/donatgw/victoriatiny.jpg
Landgravine Hubris
Outer Consul of The Federated Klatchian Coast
(Ph.D Nuclear Physics, Prinction University)

From the office of Mohammed M. Isinform - Minister of information

To: Landgravine Hubris

Madam,

http://www.backyardblizzard.com/images/sportlayout_clipped.gif

As you can see from the machine above we are talking about snow making machines and although you may disagree my scientific advisor Madam Strech D Truth informs me this machine is ingenious in its entirity. It is irrelevant at this stage when a region has 100 degree heat and no snow, therefore atmospheric crystalization process ain gonna happen. So as a country with an abundance of snow, unless you have the technology to move snow clouds inter dimentional /interplanetary and via taxi then i suggest the trade of our most perfect snow machine is left to my scientist
(GsCe Biology Physics, maths & drama)

Personally i prefer skiing, but dont tell the kids

Respectfully in my rightness

Mohammed M. Isinform - Minister of information

PS If i divorce the wife can we have dinner?

I'm afraid that at those atmospheric temperatures true 'snow' would be impossible even at a relative humidity of 100 percent. Nor did I disagree with your scientists thoughts, but only wished to illustrate that nucleation itself is the 'rate limiting process'

As for your desire about 'dinner' I should note that I am engaged. However, my younger sister Markgravine of Goth is still unattached.

Landgravine Hubris-

I'm afraid that at those atmospheric temperatures true 'snow' would be impossible even at a relative humidity of 100 percent. Nor did I disagree with your scientists thoughts, but only wished to illustrate that nucleation itself is the 'rate limiting process'

As for your desire about 'dinner' I should note that I am engaged. However, my younger sister Markgravine of Goth is still unattached.

Landgravine Hubris-

From the PRIVATE PAD of Mohammed M. Isinform - Minister of information
To the most delightful Markgravine of Goth, via Landgravine Hubris

In the intrests of diplomatic relations and prosperity I would most certainly like to take your kind offer of your sister and take her to dinner (as long as she takes after you).

I appreciate that our communities may be several light years, decades apart however so that you can have an understanding of my nature I include a photo. This was taken during a media speech by me to the world during an attempred coup by a neighbouring region. Unfortunately the full text of denouncing the invasion is a closely guarded secret which I will only share with your sister during pillow talk.

I wait in much anticipated anticiaption for your reply....AND if u want a snow machine we have for some reason several thousand still available

Respectfully hotly

Mohammed M. Isinform

http://politicalhumor.about.com/library/graphics/iraq_denial.jpg