NationStates Jolt Archive


DONT MIND THIS THREAD YET! HAVENT FINISHED UPDING!

Jaxusism
02-12-2003, 02:26
Jaxusism International is the thread where Jaxusism & Jaxus have there sales, news, and more. This thread is chat about the 2 nations. Chat about current NS stuff. And sales. Its basically a storefront with some other stuff mixed in! And to make it easier, I'm gonna put all the stuff for sale in quotes! Remember, it is subject to change almost every day, as I update it EVERY day. Visit often! :D

Another thing : DONT, and I mean DONT post something NOT about selling something to me, buying something from me, talking about my wars or news. ALL OTHER THINGS SHOULD GO THROUGH TGs OR ELSE I WILL IGNORE IT!!!!!!

In Development :


Other Information :

Important Linkies

Our Old Thread (http://www.nationstates.net/forum/viewtopic.php?t=91428), Even though we buy more than this, this is the thread where our NORMAL stuff is recorded, but we buy TONS and TONS more, and im not gonna update it anymore (http://www.nationstates.net/forum/viewtopic.php?t=98246), Election For Vice President (http://www.nationstates.net/forum/viewtopic.php?t=98127),
Chellis Crisis! (http://www.nationstates.net/forum/viewtopic.php?t=98198)!

Current Important Linkies

Chellis vs Nano soft (http://www.nationstates.net/forum/viewtopic.php?p=2254921#2254921), Embargo On Nano Soft (http://www.nationstates.net/forum/viewtopic.php?t=99065)!

Jaxusism Information

Jaxusism is a militaristic nation. Spending most of its money towards military production, training, and other militaristic things, its schools teach more military than math. "President" Jax Jaxusism rules with a Vice President. The High Office is an office full of political people who discuss the issues, laws, and all that kinda stuff. Jaxusism's Army contains air, ground, naval, demolition, elite, counter-terror, and more! It is called the Foreign Status.

Jaxus Information

Jaxus is an educational and free nation. It spends most of its money on education, having a small military. President Jax Jaxus has a very close friendship with Jaxusism, and they discuss many things together. The High Office of Jaxus contains elected officials and appointed officials. Jaxus's Educational Average is an A.

Foreign Status Information

The Foreign Status contains over 12 million soldiers, not including High Officers, which is about 1 million more. They are trained in EVERY aspect of war and are the best of soldiers. Air, ground, naval, demolition, elite, counter-terror, and MORE! If you need help from the Foreign Status, ask! Its FREE!

Diplomatic Solution Alliance (DSA) is an alliance who thinks politcally before militaristically. Founded by Jaxus! (http://www.nationstates.net/forum/viewtopic.php?p=2253777)

Other Information

Note : Anything with JAX infront of it contains the liquid JAX, found only under Jaxusism. Like JAXBattery, JAXMi2, JAXMetal, etc. etc. etc.

My Allies : Dark Terror, Imperial Guardsmen, IADF

1 Khar/Credit = 5 USD

Important Stuff Right Now

Chellis vs Nano soft (http://www.nationstates.net/forum/viewtopic.php?p=2254921#2254921), Embargo On Nano Soft (http://www.nationstates.net/forum/viewtopic.php?t=99065)!
Jaxusism
02-12-2003, 02:27
GUNS & INFANTRY GEAR

XR-1 (X-Rifle)

http://defence-data.com/dsei99/sar21.jpg

Type : Assault Rifle
Manufacterer : JaxusismCorp
Cartridge - 5.56mm
Length - look pic
Weight - light
Barrel - look pic
Magazine - 40 rounds
Rate of Fire - 950rds/min
Muzzle Velocity - 985m/sec
Effective Range - About 1000 yards
Comes with an Attachable 40mm M203 grenade launcher for +$200
Scope with Zoom capabilities for, well, a long range.
Cost : $1,400 + 200 for Attachable Grenade Launcher

Extremely light and a pretty nice size, this assault rifle, the XR-1, spreads 950 rounds a minute. Its range goes about 1000 yards. The scope has zooming capabilities for a long range. And, for 200 extra, you get the attachable 40mm M203 grenade launcher. Buy yours today!

XR-2 (X-Rifle)

NOTE : PIC IS XR-1!! NOT XR-2!!!
http://defence-data.com/dsei99/sar21.jpg

Well, here it is, the XR-2, probably the best rifle ever! Lets start with the basics, 1st of all, its so compact its amazing. Note : The Pic is a non-modified version of the XR-1. The XR-2 has so many add-ons.

Internal Laser Gun Sight : As you can see in the picture of the XR-1, right under the scope and in the back of it is a laser gun sight in the XR-2. The Laser Gun Sight is connected into the internal of the gun, where a REMOVABLE, unlike the LGS, solar-charge JAXBattery is, and to recharge it, let it out in the sun for 1/2 an hour. The LGS goes as far as the scope.

Scope : The scope is now equipped with night-vision, which also uses the JAXBattery. It goes farther than normal snipers in the XR-2! (I couldnt come up with an exact) The scope has also been lowered, as we got complaints it was too high.

Firing Modes : The XR-2 has 3 firing modes. Single-shot. 3x Burst Fire. And Automatic. Automatic is the favored.

Stats :

Type : Assault Rifle
Manufacterer : JaxusismCorp
Cartridge - 5.75 flechette rounds
Length - look pic
Weight - extremely light
Barrel - look pic
Magazine - 42 rounds
Rate of Fire - 1075rds/min
Muzzle Velocity - 1000m/sec
Effective Range - About 1500 yards
Comes with an Attachable 40mm M203 grenade launcher for +$200
Cost : $2,000 + 200 for Attachable Grenade Launcher

Still the light gun you love, still coming with the attachable GL. Coming with LGS. Better scope. 3 firing modes. This is a MUST BUY.

AN-94 Abakan Assault Rifle

http://weapons.0golf.com/firearms/abakan.jpg

Manufacturor: JaxusismCorp
Caliber (mm): 5,45 x 39
Principle: combined-free moving of shooting mechanism + gas engine
Range (m): 1000/650
Length (mm): 943/728
Weight (kg): 3,85
Barrel: chromade, 4 right grooves x195mm
Barrel length (mm): 405
Cycl. rate of fire (rds/m): 1800 and 600
Cost : $1,200 USD EACH


M40A1 7.62mm sniper rifle

http://www.fas.org/man/dod-101/sys/land/m40a1no2.jpg

Length: 44"
Weight: 14.5 lbs
Max effective range: 1000 yards
Magazine capacity: 5 rounds
Cost: $2,700


LaseRefurbishing Announces Gun Sight Overstock Sale!

Give Your Armed Forces the Edge.
Law enforcement departments and military organizations around the world should have laser sights for all their handguns, but they don't. Move your armed personnel into the 21st century with LaseRefurbishing gun sights. Now on sale!

Installation Takes 5 Minutes.
If your troops and officers can field-strip their guns, they can install these laser sights ? no gunsmithing required! Almost instantly they'll have a laser-sighted weapon which can be used outdoors from dusk till dawn, or indoors round-the-clock.

Highly Visible, Highly Intimidating.
Once they place that intimidating red dot, pulling the trigger may never even be necessary. If your troops must fire, the laser sight improves aiming speed and increases accuracy, especially in high-stress situations.

FEATURES

. Totally internal
. cannot be knocked out of alignment
. 2 hours of continuous operating time before battery change
. No permanent modification to gun ? remove it anytime
. No need to change holsters or give up your rail flashlight
. Compatible with your favorite grips and aftermarket accessories
. Drops into place, replaces original recoil spring guide
. Ambidextrous switch in custom take-down lever
. Deliberate on/off activation ? no squeezing the grip, no shaking
. Pulsating beam for increased visibility
. Factory aligned (1911 models are also user adjustable for fine tuning)
. Quality assurance includes live test firing
. Made in Aleph Strata
. Three-year warranty (excludes expendable parts)

http://home.earthlink.net/%7Echipcomp/laser-callouts.gif

HANDGUN MODELS SUPPORTED

. Glock
. SigArms
. Beretta & Taurus
. Government 1911 (Colt, Kimber, Springfield, Wilson...)
. Smith & Wesson
. Sights can be modified for other guns (ask us for a price quote!)

LRM-1000 Internal Guide Rod Laser Models
Price of $290 per sight on all models. 25% off retail price!

You need at least a few hundred of these sights, don't you? You don't? Well, let me give you a few other uses for these gun sights:


* Laser Pointer
* Cat Toy
* Reading Light


Order today!

-- LRF Internal Research Document --

Experimentation is underway on fitting the LRF Fiber Coupled Laser System into a molding mountable on many guns, where internal mounting is not feasible. This cutting edge fiber coupling technology allows the laser light generation to occur remotely (near the rear of the gun), so the front of the gun is not cluttered and original daytime sights are still useable.

http://home.earthlink.net/%7Echipcomp/pancoast1.jpg

-- LRF Internal Research Document --

Price of $290 per sight on all models. 25% off retail price!
Jaxusism
02-12-2003, 02:27
AIRCRAFT

F-15E Strike Eagle

http://s2.invisionfree.com/Outcasts/index.php?act=Attach&type=post&id=1276

Primary function: Air-to-ground attack aircraft
Power plant: Two Pratt & Whitney F100-PW-220 or 229 turbofan engines with afterburners
Thrust: 25,000 - 29,000 pounds each engine
Wingspan: 42.8 feet (13 meters)
Length: 63.8 feet (19.44 meters)
Height: 18.5 feet (5.6 meters)
Speed: Mach 2.5 plus
Maximum takeoff weight: 81,000 pounds (36,450 kilograms)
Service ceiling: 50,000 feet (15,000 meters)
Combat ceiling: 35,000 feet (10,500 meters)
Range: 2,400 miles (3,840 kilometers) ferry range with conformal fuel tanks and three external fuel tanks
Armament: One 20mm multibarrel gun mounted internally with 500 rounds of ammunition. Four AIM-7F/M Sparrow missiles and four AIM-9L/M Sidewinder missiles, or eight AIM-120 AMRAAM missiles. Any air-to-surface weapon in the Air Force inventory (nuclear and conventional)
Crew: Pilot and weapon systems officer
Unit cost: $20 Million

B-2 Spirit Stealth Bomber

http://s3.invisionfree.com/Jaxusism/index.php?act=Attach&type=post&id=3973

Primary function: Multi-role heavy bomber
Power Plant: Four General Electric F-118-GE-100 engines
Thrust: 17,300 pounds each engine
Length: 69 feet (20.9 meters)
Height: 17 feet (5.1 meters
Wingspan: 172 feet (52.12 meters
Speed: High subsonic
Ceiling: 50,000 feet (15,240 meters)
Takeoff Weight (Typical): 336,500 pounds (152,634 kilograms
Range: Intercontinental, unrefueled
Armament: Conventional or nuclear weapons
Payload: 40,000 pounds (18,144 kilograms)
Crew: Two pilots
Unit cost: $1 billion

B-1B LANCER

http://globalsecurity.org/wmd/systems/images/b1_200112122a-s.jpg


http://globalsecurity.org/wmd/systems/images/b1_mk82-s.jpg

Primary Function: Long-range, multi-role, heavy bomber
lder: Rockwell International, North American Aircraft
Operations Air Frame and Integration: Offensive avionics, Boeing Military Airplane; defensive avionics, AIL Division
Power Plant: Four General Electric F-101-GE-102 turbofan engine with afterburner
Thrust: 30,000-plus pounds (13,500-plus kilograms) with afterburner, per engine
Length: 146 feet (44.5 meters)
Wingspan: 137 feet (41.8 meters) extended forward,
79 feet (24.1 meters) swept aft
Height: 34 feet (10.4 meters)
Weight: Empty, approximately 190,000 pounds (86,183 kilograms)
Maximum Takeoff Weight: 477,000 pounds (214,650 kilograms)
Speed: 600+ mph (Mach .92) @ 500 feet
825 mph (Mach 1.25) @ 50,000 feet
Rotate and Takeoff Speeds: 210 Gross - 119 Rotate kts / 134 kts Takeoff
390 Gross - 168 kts Rotate / 183 kts Takeoff
Landing Speeds: 210 Gross - 145 kts
380 Gross - 195 kts
Range: 7,455 miles, unrefueled
3,444 miles with normal weapons load
Ceiling: 60,000 feet (18,000 meters)
Crew: Four (aircraft commander, pilot, offensive systems officer and defensive systems officer)
Armament: NUCLEAR
CONVENTIONAL
84 Mk 62
84 MK82
30 CBU 87
30 CBU 89
30 CBU 97
12 Mk 65
PRECISION
30 WCMD
24 JDAM
12 GBU-27
12 AGM-154 JSOW
12 TSSAM


Unit Cost: $200 million per aircraft




http://www.globalaircraft.org/photos/planephotos/tornado_5.jpg

Tornado IDS
Length: 54' 10"
Height: 19' 4"
Wingspan: Fully forward: 45' 2", Swept: 27' 11"
Empty Weight: 30,620 lbs
Max Takeoff Weight: 61,620 lbs
Speed: Mach 2.2
Armament: Two Mauser 27mm cannons. 19,940 lbs of assorted air to air missiles, bombs, anti-radar and anti-ship missiles. Capable of carrying the B61 nuclear bomb.
Crew: 2
Cost: $26 million. 10% discount to regional allies.

Variable geometry, multirole aircraft designed more for ground strikes than air to air, though capable of handling both.

HELICOPTERS

AH-64A/D Apache Attack Helicopter

http://www.military.com/Data/EQG/ah64_large.jpg
http://www.fas.org/man/dod-101/sys/ac/ah-64d-image25.jpg

This is the battle tested Apache available in standard and Longbow variants. Both have one M230 30mm gun and can carry 70mm (2.75 inch) Hydra-70 folding-fin rockets, up to 16 AGM-114 Hellfire anti-tank missiles, AGM-122 Sidearm anti-radar missiles, AIM-9 Sidewinder or FIM-92 Stinger air-to-air missiles, and have nightvision and low-light vision systems standard. The Longbow comes complete with advanced targeting systems, a mushroom shaped powerful radar, and the ability to carry Hellfire MMW air to surface/air to air missiles.(Longbow shown in image)
Max speed is 163 knots
Crew is 2
Each AH-64A Apache costs $15.4 million
Each AH-64D Longbow costs $17.2 million


AH-64A Apache Attack Helicopter

http://s3.invisionfree.com/Jaxusism/index.php?act=Attach&type=post&id=3977

Propulsion Two T700-GE-701Cs
Crew Two
Length 58.17 ft (17.73 m) 58.17 ft (17.73 m)
Height 15.24 ft (4.64 m) 13.30 ft (4.05 m)
Wing Span 17.15 ft (5.227 m) 17.15 ft (5.227 m)
Primary Mission Gross Weight 15,075 lb (6838 kg)11,800 pounds Empty 16,027 lb (7270 kg) Lot1
Weight Hover In-Ground Effect (MRP) 15,895 ft (4845 m)
Hover Out-of-Ground Effect (MRP) 12,685 ft (3866 m)
Maximum Level Flight Speed 150 kt (279 kph)
Range 400 km - internal fuel 1,900 km - internal and external fuel
Armament: Primary MissionStarboard WingM230 GunPort WingRate of ClimbDurationCombat (Anti-armor)
4 Hellfire320 rds 30mm
4 Hellfire1450 fpm1.8 hours
Multi-role (Covering force)
4 Hellfire 19 FFAR *1200 rds 30mm
4 Hellfire 19 FFAR *860 fpm2.5 hours
Close-support (Anti-armor)
8 Hellfire1200 rds 30mm
8 Hellfire990 fpm2.5 hours
Ground-support (Airmobile escort)38 FFAR *1200 rds 30mm38 FFAR *780 fpm2.5 hours
M230 33mm Gun
70mm (2.75 inch) Hydra-70 Folding-Fin Aerial Rockets
AGM-114 Hellfire anti-tank missiles
AGM-122 Sidearm anti-radar missile
AIM-9 Sidewinder Air-to-Air missiles
Unit Cost: $23 Million
Jaxusism
02-12-2003, 02:27
NAVAL

SSN-21 SEA WOLF SUBMARINE


http://globalsecurity.org/military/systems/ship/images/ssn-21-dvic117-s.jpg

Builders General Dynamics Electric Boat Division
Power Plant One S6W reactor
one shaft at with 52,000 shp with pumpjet propulsor

Improved Performance Machinery Program Phase II one secondary propulsion submerged motor
Length 353 feet (107.6 meters)
Draft 35 feet (10.67 meters)
Beam 40 feet (12.2 meters)
Displacement 7,460 ton surface displacement
9,137 tons submerged displacement
Speed Official: 25+ knots (28+ miles per hour, 46.3+ kph)
Actual: 35 knots maximum submerged speed
Actual: 20 knots tactical ["silent"] speed
Operating Depth Official: "greater than 800 feet"
Actual: About 1600 feet
Jane's Fighting Ships: 2000 feet
Armament eight 660-mm torpedo tubes
50 Tomahawk cruise missiles or
50 Harpoon antiship missiles or
50 Mark 48 ADCAP torpedoes or
up to 100 mines Systems AN/BSY-2 active-passive Sonar/Fire Control w/
hemispherical bow array and wide aperture array
TB-16B or TB-23 towed array

AN/BPS-16 search and navigation radar
AN/WLQ-4(V)1 ES receiver

Central Combat System (CCS) MK2
Link 11 Tactical data link
OTCIXS Tactical data link
Crew 12 Officers; 121 Enlisted

Price : 900million


JAX Modified IOWA-CLASS Battle Ship

http://globalsecurity.org/military/systems/ship/images/missour2-s.jpg
length:888ft

beam:109ft

draft:38ft

max speed:35knots

powerplants:8boilers,4geared turbines,4shafts,212,000shaft horse power.

Armament 32 - Tomahawk ASM/LAM - 8 armored box launchers
16 - Harpoon ASM - 4 quad cell launchers
9 - Mk 7 - 16-inch / 50 caliber guns
12 - Mk 28 - 5-inch / 38 caliber guns
4 - Mk 15 - 20mm Phalanx CIWS
Combat Systems SPS-49 Air Search Radar
SPS-67 Surface Search Radar
4 Mk37 Gun Fire Control
2 Mk38 Gun Direction
1 Mk40 Gun Director
1 SPQ-9 [BB-61] SLQ-25 NIXIE
SLQ-32 EW system


Aircraft None embarked
landing area and unhangared parking area
4 SH-3 or
4 SH-60

Crew : 65officers, 1450 enlisted, 58marines.

Price : 4 billion
Jaxusism
02-12-2003, 02:27
CARS & TANKS & ARTILLERY PIECES

M-1A1/A2 Abrahms Main Battle Tank

http://www.analisidifesa.it/images10/m1a1.jpg

This is the famous M-1 Abrahms in A1 and A2 variants. Both have a 120mm main cannon, 2 7.62mm machineguns, 1 .50 cal machine and grenade or smoke launchers standard. The M-1A2 comes complete with advanced targeting systems and 8 HellfireMMW surface to surface/surface to air missiles.
Max speed is 45mph
Crew is 4
Each M-1A1 costs $3million
Each M-1A2 costs $3.5million

M-730 Guided Missile Equipment Carrier (Chaparral IR SAM)

http://www.fas.org/man/dod-101/sys/land/chaparral_02-s.jpg

$1.9million



M270 MLRS

http://www.fas.org/man/dod-101/sys/land/mlrs3.jpg

Combat weight: 52,990 lbs
Ground clearance: 17"
Track width: 21"
Speed: 40 mph, level road
Max grade: 60%
Range: 300 miles
Max Vertical obstacle: 30"
Max fording depth: 40"
Armament: 12 rockets, each containing 644 M77 shaped explosive charges.
Reload time: 9 minutes
Crew: 3
Cost: $2.3 million.
Mobile rocket launch system capable of devastating wide areas of a battle field. Tracks enable it to traverse most terrain.

AIR DEFENSE ANTI-TANK SYSTEM[ADATS]

http://globalsecurity.org/military/systems/ground/images/adats-69-s.jpg

Crew 3 (Driver, Commander, System operator)
Weight 15,8 t
Speed 58 km/h
Range 400 km
Armament 8 ADATS missile per launcher (Speed Mach 3, Range 10 km)
Sensors pulse Doppler radar (Range 25 km), electro-optical device with TV and FLIR
Warhead 12.5 kg HE fragmentation/shaped charge, impact and proximity fuze. Penetrates 900 mm RHA
Guidance Laser digitally coded

Price : 2.2million


SuperSpeed Armored Z-9s

http://conceptcarposter.com/other_img/Audi_LeMans_Quattro.jpg

These extremely fast vehicles are very good looking, fast, and strong. Lets take an overview :

~ Using the newest Jaxusism Engine Corporation's engine, this engine creates very little heat, letting it burst into 120 MPH within 5.6 - 10.9 seconds. An advancement from Engine 1.4, which created so much heat it was too dangerous to push the speed into 120 MPH within 5.6, even 56.7 seconds, Engine 1.5 creates so little heat that it bursts very fast.

~ We have tested the Z-9 on EVERY terrain land might throw at us. Our Z-9 ACED every terrain except water of course! Its protected-rubber wheels let it run over spikes, too!

~ Armoring is the big question here. Wouldnt such a fast car need to have practically no weight? Well, we've got that armor, which we will NOT release the UNBREAKABLE formula of. Our car ran PERFECTLY after 30 high impact crashes, 20 rounds from an AK-47 into the front hull, and a hammer trying to crush the windows broke itself...

Speed : 0 - 500 MPH
Armor : Explained Above
Colors : Only the current color

Cost : Well, this was troubling, but, $20,000,000 USD

Go here for the Chochezkoo 02 Artillery Piece (JAXMetal Used) (http://www.nationstates.net/forum/viewtopic.php?t=9842)

M-270 MLRS Rocket Artillery

http://www.uniteddefense.com/media/graphics/mlrs.jpg

This is the standard rocket artillery and it fires 12 270mm rockets at a range of up to 30km or it can fire 2 Army Tactical Missile System (Army TACMS) missiles, which can be fired individually or simultaneously. The Army TACMS Block IA missile can reach to 300 km. We have included a 7.62mm M240 machine gun and 4 hellfire missiles as well, for self defense.
Max Speed is 40mph
Crew is 3
Each M-270 costs $5.5million
Jaxusism
02-12-2003, 02:27
Jaxusism
02-12-2003, 02:32
MISSILES

JAXMi2 Missiles : VERY explosive missiles. One missile capable of destroying an entire CITY! How did they come to be? An unidentified liquid was found and tested and found to be extremely explosive. More information on JAXMi2 Here (http://www.nationstates.net/forum/viewtopic.php?t=89886)!
Cost : $1 billion USD EACH

RIM-7 SEA SPARROW

http://globalsecurity.org/military/systems/munitions/images/seasparrow-atsea39-s.jpg


POWEer Plant Hercules MK-58 solid-propellant rocket motor
Thrust Classified
Speed More than 2,660 mph (4,256 kph)
Range More than 30 nautical miles (approximately 55 km)
[Maximum Range = 6 nm according to other sources]
Minimum Range - 1600 yards
Director Lock-on Range - 50 nautical miles
Length 12 feet (3.64 meters)
Diameter 8 inches (20.3 cm)
Wingspan 3 feet 4 inches (one meter)
Warhead Annular blast fragmentation warhead, 90 pounds (40.5 kg)
Proximity fuzed, continuous expanding rod, with a 27 ft. kill radius
fire control systems MK 91
Launch Platform (Launcher) MK 29 Mod 1.
Launch Weight Approximately 500 pounds (225 kg)
Guidance System Raytheon semi-active on continuous wave or pulsed Doppler radar energy
Date Deployed 1976
Unit Cost $165,400

BGM-109 Tomahawk

http://www.fas.org/man/dod-101/sys/smart/slcm-dvic470.jpg

Length: 18 feet 3 inches (5.56 meters); with booster: 20 feet 6 inches (6.25 meters)
Weight: 2,650 pounds (1192.5 kg); 3,200 pounds (1440 kg) with booster
Diameter: 20.4 inches (51.81 cm)
Wing Span (when deployed): 8 feet 9 inches (2.67 meters)
Range: Land attack, conventional warhead: 600 nautical miles
Speed: Approx. 550 mph
Warheads: Conventional 1000 lb high explosive warhead OR conventional munition bomblet dispenser OR 200 kiloton W-80 nuclear warhead. Comes with standard high explosive warhead.
Cost: $750,000

Launched from the sea via a torpedo tube, Vertical Launch System, or Armored Box Launcher, this highly destructive, highly accurate, and highly versatile missile has been the main land attack missile of the American navy for the last decade. It is also highly accurate, with only a handful of booster failures in its history, and a 90%+ strike success rate in both Iraq and Bosnia. Great addition to any navy.
Jaxusism
02-12-2003, 02:59
~ TO BE UPDATED WHEN NEEDED ~
Jaxusism
02-12-2003, 02:59
~ TO BE UPDATED WHEN NEEDED ~