NationStates Jolt Archive

I am fairly sure there are people who know about this here, so, two questions:
1. How do I turn a verb into a command? For instance, if I wanted to tell someone to carry something, I wouldn't say "portas" because that is "You carry", right? What would I say?

2. If I were to tell someone to do something to a person/object referred to by a pronoun, what sort of pronoun would I use? I can find loads of pronoun lists, but not rules on where to use which.

I am fairly sure there are people who know about this here, so, two questions:
1. How do I turn a verb into a command? For instance, if I wanted to tell someone to carry something, I wouldn't say "portas" because that is "You carry", right? What would I say?

http://www.dl.ket.org/latin2/grammar/imper.htm

2. If I were to tell someone to do something to a person/object referred to by a pronoun, what sort of pronoun would I use? I can find loads of pronoun lists, but not rules on where to use which.

You would use the corresponding personal pronoun in the appropriate case.

What does "hunc" mean?

http://www.dl.ket.org/latin2/grammar/imper.htm



You would use the corresponding personal pronoun in the appropriate case.
Ah. Thanks!

I am fairly sure there are people who know about this here, so, two questions:
1. How do I turn a verb into a command? For instance, if I wanted to tell someone to carry something, I wouldn't say "portas" because that is "You carry", right? What would I say?

2. If I were to tell someone to do something to a person/object referred to by a pronoun, what sort of pronoun would I use? I can find loads of pronoun lists, but not rules on where to use which.
Generally, a for conjugation 1, e for conjugation 2 and three, and i for conjugation four, all singular, and te in all conjugations for plural. For present only, of course.

so it would be porta! (Carry!, you is implied as in english)

Form it by dropping the -re from the infinitive stem.

What does "hunc" mean?

"Hunc" is the masculine singular accusative demonstrative pronoun and means approximately "this." Its nominative form is "hic."

More info here. (http://www.math.ohio-state.edu/~econrad/lang/lpndem.html)

Yeah, you should use the infinitive case, which for first conjugation means the ending will stay the same, except for maybe a long mark. Second conjugation words will usually end in -e. I'm not great with pronouns, so I can't help you there. . .

"Hunc" is the masculine singular accusative demonstrative pronoun and means approximately "this." Its nominative form is "hic."

More info here. (http://www.math.ohio-state.edu/~econrad/lang/lpndem.html)

thanks very much, fass

I've only been taking latin for 4 weeks now, but I know this.

Put it in the imperative form. That's it, the you is implied in imperitive form because you can't really command an object to do something... not effectively anyway.

So... assuming that the verb is portas, then the command form would be porta, or if you're commanding multiple people, portate.

Should be anyway... Unless there are some rules to latin I don't understand yet, that's hwo you would command.

I've only been taking latin for 4 weeks now, but I know this.

Put it in the imperative form. That's it, the you is implied in imperitive form because you can't really command an object to do something... not effectively anyway.

So... assuming that the verb is portas, then the command form would be porta, or if you're commanding multiple people, portate.

Should be anyway... Unless there are some rules to latin I don't understand yet, that's hwo you would command.
Ahh, it's called imperitive. We've been calling infinitive all along.

Well, I believe you can also use a gerundive to express obligation (you must walk, she is to be loved by all, etc), but that's being a bit complex :D

Well, I believe you can also use a gerundive to express obligation (you must walk, she is to be loved by all, etc), but that's being a bit complex :D

Not to mention the hortatory subjunctive...

Ahh, it's called imperitive. We've been calling infinitive all along.
The infinitive and the imperative are different things.
If I remember correctly, the infinitive is the second principle part, and it mostly does just what an infinitive in any other language does.

THe imperative is the form of a verb used to command.

The infinitive and the imperative are different things. If I remember correctly, the infinitive is the second principle part, and it mostly does just what an infinitive in any other language does.

THe imperative is the form of a verb used to command.
Yep. Infinitive (second principle part) translates as, generally, to ____, while imperative implies a command.

The imperative is created as thus:

1st Conjugation (stems in -a): Use the stem only and no suffixes for other meanings. e.g., if your vocabulary word is "paro, parare, paravi" (present, infinitive, and perfect tenses, respectively, a.k.a. 1st, 2nd, and 3rd principle parts), which means "I prepare", then your imperitive is "para", which means "Prepare!".

If your imperitive is plural, then add the suffix "-te" to the singular imperative.

2nd Conjugation (stems in -e): Same rule as above, e.g. "moneo, monere, monui", meaning "I warn/advise", the imperative would be "mone", meaning "Warn!".

Plural is acheived also by adding a suffix of "-te"

3rd Conjugation (stems in consonants): Take stem and add "e" to it, e.g. "reg-e" for "Rule!".

Plural is achieved by adding suffix "-ite" instead of "-e", so "reg-ite".

3rd Conjugation -io, (i.e. "cap-io"): Same as regular 3rd Conjugation.

4th Conjugation (stems in -i): Same principle as 1st and 2nd conjugations, i.e. if word in "audio" ("I listen"), then imperitive is "audi", or "Listen!".

Plural is formed by adding suffix "-te" singular imperitive, i.e. "audite"

Hope that helped. I'm in Latin II, and myself found it quite confusing.

I am fairly sure there are people who know about this here, so, two questions:
1. How do I turn a verb into a command? For instance, if I wanted to tell someone to carry something, I wouldn't say "portas" because that is "You carry", right? What would I say?

2. If I were to tell someone to do something to a person/object referred to by a pronoun, what sort of pronoun would I use? I can find loads of pronoun lists, but not rules on where to use which.I think point one has been sufficiently addressed by the crowd here. To answer your second question, assuming your verb is transitive (it takes a direct object, as in The dog bites the man) then you use the case associated with the direct object, the accusative. So if the sentence you want to translate is The dog bites me, you express it as Canis mê mordet, because mê ("me") is the accusative form of the pronoun ego, "I." Note that the circumflex ˆ I've been using should really be a macron, a small horizontal line indicating a long and/or open vowel.

Hope that helped. I'm in Latin II, and myself found it quite confusing.
I'm in Latin II as well, and it is confusing. We're still basically reviewing Latin I, though.