Tandu Systems
15-12-2004, 03:57
Since quite a few people here seem to have no concept of the following, I figure I might want to point them out, so they wont get confused by humour and irony and such.
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Humour
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
This article discusses humour in terms of comedy and laughter. For ancient Greek theories of humour in physiology, psychology and medicine, see four humours.
Humour (humor in American English) is a form of entertainment and a form of human communication, intended to make people laugh and feel happy. The origins of the word "humour" lie in the humoral medicine of the ancient Greeks, which stated that a mix of fluids, or humours, controlled human health and emotion.
Different types of humour which appeal to different sectors of humanity exist – for instance, young children particularly favour slapstick, while satire tends to appeal more to the older and better-educated. Humour often varies by locality and does not easily transfer from one culture to another. This happens because humour often relies on a context, and someone not understanding the context will usually not understand the humour. Various techniques, as detailed below, serve to deliver humour:
(Full article:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humour)
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Irony
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/14/230px-Ah_berghof.jpg
Adolf Hitler - an example of visual ironyIrony is a form of speech in which the real meaning is concealed or contradicted by the words used. Irony involves the perception that things are not what they are said to be or what they seem. Dramatic irony lies in the audience's deeper perceptions of a coming fate, which contrast with the character's perceptions.
H. W. Fowler, in Modern English Usage, had this to say of irony:
Irony is a form of utterance that postulates a double audience, consisting of one party that hearing shall hear and shall not understand, and another party that, when more is meant than meets the ear, is aware, both of that "more" and of the outsider's incomprehension.
Irony is, therefore, a matter of perceived and real attitude or values of the speaker, rather than a difference between the denotative meanings of the words a speaker uses.
The song "Poor Judd" from the musical Oklahoma! provides an especially clear example of this form of irony: Curley's words and tone of voice are perceived by Judd as expressions of camaraderie and empathy, while the onlookers (and the audience) understand that it is mockery.
(Full article:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irony)
---
Satire
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
This article is in need of attention.
Please see its listing on Pages needing attention and improve it (http://en.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=Satire&action=edit) in any way you see fit. When the issues regarding this page have been resolved, remove this notice and the listing, but please do not remove this notice until the article has been fixed.
Satire is a literary technique of writing or art which principally ridicules its subject (individuals, organizations, states) often as an intended means of provoking or preventing change. In Celtic societies, it was thought a bard's satire could have physical effects, similar to a curse. A satirist is one who satirizes.
Satire is not exclusive to any viewpoint. Parody is a form of humor that imitates another work of art in an exaggerated fashion for comic effect, usually deriding the subject of the parody in the process. Although the techniques of satire and parody often overlap, they are not synonymous. Satires need not be humorous - indeed, they are often tragic - while parodies are almost inevitably humorous. Parodies are imitative by definition, while satires need not be. Humorous satires often base the humor on the juxtaposition between the satire and reality. The humor of such a satire tends to be subtle, using irony and deadpan humor liberally.
Common examples of satire include:
Diminution: Reduces the size of something in order that it may be made to appear ridiculous or in order to be examined closely and have its faults seen close up. For example, treating the Canadian Members of Parliament as a squabbling group of little boys is an example of diminution. The first portion of Gulliver's Travels, set in the ficticious land of Liliput, is a diminutive satire.
Inflation: A common technique of satire is to take a real-life situation and exaggerate it to such a degree that it becomes ridiculous and its faults can be seen, and thus satirical. For example, two boys arguing over a possession of a car can be inflated into an interstellar war. The Rape of the Lock is an example of inflation.
Juxtaposition: Places things of unequal importance side by side. It brings all the things down to the lowest level of importance on the list. For example, if a guy says his important subjects in school include Calculus, Computer Science, Physics, and girl-watching, he has managed to take away some of the importance of the first three. The Rape of the Lock is also an example of juxtaposition.
Notable examples of satire are:
Ovid The Art of Love
Juvenal (c. A.D. 55-140) 16 Satires
the Satirae (c. A.D. 50) by Petronius
A Tale of a Tub, Gulliver's Travels and A Modest Proposal by Jonathan Swift, harsh views of the world
Candide by Voltaire, satirizing optimism
Erewhon by Samuel Butler II, a utopia, a form that is common in satire.
Nineteen Eighty-Four by George Orwell, a dystopia, also common in satire.
Ubu Roi (or King Turd), by Alfred Jarry, cacotopia
Penguin Island by Anatole France, utopia
Brave New World by Aldous Huxley, dystopia
Mark Twain's later works, notably The Man Who Corrupted Hadleyburg
Wise Blood by Flannery O'Connor, satirizing contemporary religious attitudes
C. Northcote Parkinson's satires on bureaucracy.
Thomas Nast's political cartoons against Boss Tweed
The Landover Baptist Church, an internet parody of Christian fundamentalism
Al Franken is a writer of political satire.
Stanley Kubrick's movies Doctor Strangelove and A Clockwork Orange.
Dario Fo's A Death of an Anarchist
le Canard Enchaîné publishes satiric cartoons and columns along with well-researched information on French political or economic life.
Cat's Cradle by Kurt Vonnegut Jr. is a political satire, adopting a sci-fi motif.
Fight Club by Chuck Palahniuk is a satire of violence, fascism and nihilism.
Chris Morris's Brass Eye, a satire of Britsh news programmes
The Onion and The Daily Show, satires of the American news media
Some works of satire are subtle enough in their exaggeration that they still seem believable to many people. The satiric nature of these works may be lost on the public at large, and there have been instances where the author or producers of a satirical work have been harshly criticized as a result. In 2002 the British network Channel 4 aired a satiric mockumentary entitled Paedogeddon in the Brass Eye series, which was intended to mock and satirize the fascination of modern journalism with child molestors and paedophiles. The TV network received an enormous number of complaints from members of the public, who were outraged that the show would mock a subject considered by many to be too "serious" to be the subject of humor. The movie This is Spinal Tap, a spoof of rockumentaries, about a fictitious and ridiculous hard rock band was mistaken for a non-fiction by some critics.
On occasion, satire can cause social change when used to make a political or social point (although simply revealing absurdities to the public, as opposed to the quality of the satire, may be the actual cause of any consequences). For instance, the comic strip Doonesbury satirized a Florida county that had a racist law that minorities had to have a passcard in the area; the law was soon repealed with an act nicknamed the Doonesbury Act. In the 2000 Canadian federal election campaign, a Canadian Alliance proposal for a mechanism to require a referendum in response to a petition of sufficient size was satirized by the television show This Hour Has 22 Minutes so effectively that it was discredited and soon dropped.
Satire enjoyed a renaissance in the UK in the early 1960s with the Satire Boom, led by such luminaries as Peter Cook, Alan Bennett, Jonathan Miller, David Frost, Eleanor Bron and Dudley Moore and the television programme That Was The Week That Was.
Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Satire"
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Comedy
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
Comedy is the use of humor in the performing arts. It also means a performance that relies heavily on humor. The term originally comes from theater, where it simply referred to a play with a happy ending, in contrast to a tragedy. The humor, once an incidental device used to entertain, is now an essential aspect of a comedy.
A recognised characteristic of comedy is that it is an intensely personal enjoyment. People frequently fail to find the same things amusing, but when they do it can help to create powerful bonds.
(Full article:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comedy)
---
Joke
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
A joke is a short story or short series of words spoken or communicated with the intent of being laughed at or found humorous by the listener or reader. This sort of "joke" is not the same as a practical joke.
Laughter, the intended human reaction to jokes, is healthy, uses the stomach muscles, and releases endorphins, natural happiness-inducing chemicals, into the bloodstream. Daily laughter is recommended to every human being. Jokes have been the subject of serious academic study, a notable example being Sigmund Freud's "Jokes and Their Relationship to the Unconscious".
(Full article:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joke)
---
Humour
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
This article discusses humour in terms of comedy and laughter. For ancient Greek theories of humour in physiology, psychology and medicine, see four humours.
Humour (humor in American English) is a form of entertainment and a form of human communication, intended to make people laugh and feel happy. The origins of the word "humour" lie in the humoral medicine of the ancient Greeks, which stated that a mix of fluids, or humours, controlled human health and emotion.
Different types of humour which appeal to different sectors of humanity exist – for instance, young children particularly favour slapstick, while satire tends to appeal more to the older and better-educated. Humour often varies by locality and does not easily transfer from one culture to another. This happens because humour often relies on a context, and someone not understanding the context will usually not understand the humour. Various techniques, as detailed below, serve to deliver humour:
(Full article:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humour)
---
Irony
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/14/230px-Ah_berghof.jpg
Adolf Hitler - an example of visual ironyIrony is a form of speech in which the real meaning is concealed or contradicted by the words used. Irony involves the perception that things are not what they are said to be or what they seem. Dramatic irony lies in the audience's deeper perceptions of a coming fate, which contrast with the character's perceptions.
H. W. Fowler, in Modern English Usage, had this to say of irony:
Irony is a form of utterance that postulates a double audience, consisting of one party that hearing shall hear and shall not understand, and another party that, when more is meant than meets the ear, is aware, both of that "more" and of the outsider's incomprehension.
Irony is, therefore, a matter of perceived and real attitude or values of the speaker, rather than a difference between the denotative meanings of the words a speaker uses.
The song "Poor Judd" from the musical Oklahoma! provides an especially clear example of this form of irony: Curley's words and tone of voice are perceived by Judd as expressions of camaraderie and empathy, while the onlookers (and the audience) understand that it is mockery.
(Full article:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irony)
---
Satire
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
This article is in need of attention.
Please see its listing on Pages needing attention and improve it (http://en.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=Satire&action=edit) in any way you see fit. When the issues regarding this page have been resolved, remove this notice and the listing, but please do not remove this notice until the article has been fixed.
Satire is a literary technique of writing or art which principally ridicules its subject (individuals, organizations, states) often as an intended means of provoking or preventing change. In Celtic societies, it was thought a bard's satire could have physical effects, similar to a curse. A satirist is one who satirizes.
Satire is not exclusive to any viewpoint. Parody is a form of humor that imitates another work of art in an exaggerated fashion for comic effect, usually deriding the subject of the parody in the process. Although the techniques of satire and parody often overlap, they are not synonymous. Satires need not be humorous - indeed, they are often tragic - while parodies are almost inevitably humorous. Parodies are imitative by definition, while satires need not be. Humorous satires often base the humor on the juxtaposition between the satire and reality. The humor of such a satire tends to be subtle, using irony and deadpan humor liberally.
Common examples of satire include:
Diminution: Reduces the size of something in order that it may be made to appear ridiculous or in order to be examined closely and have its faults seen close up. For example, treating the Canadian Members of Parliament as a squabbling group of little boys is an example of diminution. The first portion of Gulliver's Travels, set in the ficticious land of Liliput, is a diminutive satire.
Inflation: A common technique of satire is to take a real-life situation and exaggerate it to such a degree that it becomes ridiculous and its faults can be seen, and thus satirical. For example, two boys arguing over a possession of a car can be inflated into an interstellar war. The Rape of the Lock is an example of inflation.
Juxtaposition: Places things of unequal importance side by side. It brings all the things down to the lowest level of importance on the list. For example, if a guy says his important subjects in school include Calculus, Computer Science, Physics, and girl-watching, he has managed to take away some of the importance of the first three. The Rape of the Lock is also an example of juxtaposition.
Notable examples of satire are:
Ovid The Art of Love
Juvenal (c. A.D. 55-140) 16 Satires
the Satirae (c. A.D. 50) by Petronius
A Tale of a Tub, Gulliver's Travels and A Modest Proposal by Jonathan Swift, harsh views of the world
Candide by Voltaire, satirizing optimism
Erewhon by Samuel Butler II, a utopia, a form that is common in satire.
Nineteen Eighty-Four by George Orwell, a dystopia, also common in satire.
Ubu Roi (or King Turd), by Alfred Jarry, cacotopia
Penguin Island by Anatole France, utopia
Brave New World by Aldous Huxley, dystopia
Mark Twain's later works, notably The Man Who Corrupted Hadleyburg
Wise Blood by Flannery O'Connor, satirizing contemporary religious attitudes
C. Northcote Parkinson's satires on bureaucracy.
Thomas Nast's political cartoons against Boss Tweed
The Landover Baptist Church, an internet parody of Christian fundamentalism
Al Franken is a writer of political satire.
Stanley Kubrick's movies Doctor Strangelove and A Clockwork Orange.
Dario Fo's A Death of an Anarchist
le Canard Enchaîné publishes satiric cartoons and columns along with well-researched information on French political or economic life.
Cat's Cradle by Kurt Vonnegut Jr. is a political satire, adopting a sci-fi motif.
Fight Club by Chuck Palahniuk is a satire of violence, fascism and nihilism.
Chris Morris's Brass Eye, a satire of Britsh news programmes
The Onion and The Daily Show, satires of the American news media
Some works of satire are subtle enough in their exaggeration that they still seem believable to many people. The satiric nature of these works may be lost on the public at large, and there have been instances where the author or producers of a satirical work have been harshly criticized as a result. In 2002 the British network Channel 4 aired a satiric mockumentary entitled Paedogeddon in the Brass Eye series, which was intended to mock and satirize the fascination of modern journalism with child molestors and paedophiles. The TV network received an enormous number of complaints from members of the public, who were outraged that the show would mock a subject considered by many to be too "serious" to be the subject of humor. The movie This is Spinal Tap, a spoof of rockumentaries, about a fictitious and ridiculous hard rock band was mistaken for a non-fiction by some critics.
On occasion, satire can cause social change when used to make a political or social point (although simply revealing absurdities to the public, as opposed to the quality of the satire, may be the actual cause of any consequences). For instance, the comic strip Doonesbury satirized a Florida county that had a racist law that minorities had to have a passcard in the area; the law was soon repealed with an act nicknamed the Doonesbury Act. In the 2000 Canadian federal election campaign, a Canadian Alliance proposal for a mechanism to require a referendum in response to a petition of sufficient size was satirized by the television show This Hour Has 22 Minutes so effectively that it was discredited and soon dropped.
Satire enjoyed a renaissance in the UK in the early 1960s with the Satire Boom, led by such luminaries as Peter Cook, Alan Bennett, Jonathan Miller, David Frost, Eleanor Bron and Dudley Moore and the television programme That Was The Week That Was.
Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Satire"
---
Comedy
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
Comedy is the use of humor in the performing arts. It also means a performance that relies heavily on humor. The term originally comes from theater, where it simply referred to a play with a happy ending, in contrast to a tragedy. The humor, once an incidental device used to entertain, is now an essential aspect of a comedy.
A recognised characteristic of comedy is that it is an intensely personal enjoyment. People frequently fail to find the same things amusing, but when they do it can help to create powerful bonds.
(Full article:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comedy)
---
Joke
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
A joke is a short story or short series of words spoken or communicated with the intent of being laughed at or found humorous by the listener or reader. This sort of "joke" is not the same as a practical joke.
Laughter, the intended human reaction to jokes, is healthy, uses the stomach muscles, and releases endorphins, natural happiness-inducing chemicals, into the bloodstream. Daily laughter is recommended to every human being. Jokes have been the subject of serious academic study, a notable example being Sigmund Freud's "Jokes and Their Relationship to the Unconscious".
(Full article:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joke)