NationStates Jolt Archive


The independence of Tanah Burung and the police actions [history]

Knootoss
30-07-2004, 13:49
((OOC: Now approved by TB, this thread is about the historic "police actions" that Knootoss held in its colony in Tanah Burung, as well as the independence war from the Knootian East Indies that led to the rise of the United Provinces of Tanah Burung. TB will add a bit more later about the role of Rumbiak. This is IC, but it has already taken place in the past. Please enjoy the story, comment, whatever.))

Insurrection
At the beginning of the 20th century, the Burungi independence movement began to gain momentum. In Knootoss, the idea that Tanah Burung would become an independent state was thought of as preposterous. There was a notion, however, that Tanah Burung could get its own position within a Knootian Federation. There was a passage cautiously referring to ‘more independence’ in the 7 December speech in 1931 by the Prime Minister, who spoke of a people growing up slowly, and the responsibility of the Republic to nurture the people of the East Indies to adulthood “like is the responsibility of a good parent towards its children.”

But despite some efforts to install a ‘Volksraad’, an advisory ‘peoples council’ with native Burungi’s as members, there was little progress and after decades of flaring unrest here and there, the flag of independence was raised in the capital Nieuw Hoorn and in the Matebian mountains. Keeping with that idea of a slow pace towards more independence, the Knootians believed that order had to be restored to the colony to get rid of what a political majority considered a collection of rampokkers (disturbers of the peace). The general idea was that Knootoss had to “rush to the aid” of the beleaguered colony as soon as possible. Referring to ‘7 December’ the government appealed to the high-minded assistance ideas by which it had been inspired.

For this purpose, war volunteers were drafted with posters on which the Knootian guinea pig was displayed wearing a soldiers-uniform, with a trumpet on top of the globe stating: “See the world, pack for the Knootian East Indies.” Additionally, the poorly maintained Knootian East Indian Army (KEIA) was rebuilt. This army primarily consisted of native fighters armed, trained and led by Knootian officers. Where possible, local nobility had been drafted to serve a ceremonial leadership role in the KEIA, with the Knootian officers in “advisory” functions. After about a year of chaos in the colony, the first fresh Knootian troops arrived on the island of Tiga Burung to engage the fledgling independence movement. The first division had been named after the speech of the Prime Minister: “7 December division” to again reflect the high-minded ideals that had brought Republican forces halfway across the globe to the Emerald Heights.

In the same period the Knootian governor-general Vogels signed a treaty with loyalist Burungi nobility that declared an armistice. The Knootians, in turn, promised a Knootian Federation in a decade. Playing different sections of the nobility and the different tribes against each other had always maintained Knootian hegemony in the region and this time, Vogels believed, would be no different. The vast majority of the Burungis, however, now desired full independence which is what this agreement did not confirm. New ideologies were sweeping the nation - ironically often spread by Burungi’s who had been educated at Knootian universities. Nationalism, socialism and communism inspired the resistance to go on regardless of the wishes of old, artificially propped-up, nobility whose traditions had since long been maintained with Knootian protection. Despite the treaty with the nobility, the revolution gained the support of the Liurai of Loro Sae and the Sultan of Burung Paradis who actively sabotaged the treaty. The agreement thus provided the rebelling Burungi’s with the breathing space they needed to garner more strength. For the Knootian right wing in parliament, it was totally unacceptable but the document was still signed in the palace district of Nieuw Hoorn in a ceremony involving many ancient and complicated Burungi diplomatic rituals.

The first police action
Gradually the “armistice” situation escalated as the rebels targeted Knootian economic targets such as lone plantations and warehouses where spices were stored for transfer to Europe. When the economic interests of the Knootian ventures on the mainland started to get in serious danger, the cabinet of Prime Minister Oud decided to start a campaign to protect those interests. This became the first police action, a wild jungle-campaign which lasted one long summer. "Police" is a fantastic description for the troop power available: including the KEIA there were more than 124,000 men under the command of General Webermann.

‘Operation Market’ had a limited aim, namely to secure Knootian economic interests and stop the attacks. That limited scope had certainly not been the wish of the military commander, general Webermann, who had advocated extensive actions which would have to lead to the complete elimination of the rebel powerbase. For a short time these plans circulated, but the soldiers got did not get their way. Military action remained limited to ‘Market’

Operation Market achieved - with limited loss of men - the security for Knootian economic interests, but it had not established order and rest the politicians had hoped for. It left Knootoss patrolling Tanah Burung with an enormous troop force and with a frustrated army command which had the feeling that the job had not been finished.

The second police action
Back in Europe, the Right was displeased that the Burungi independence movement still existed, and since the beginning of ‘Market’ the conservatives put strong pressure on the government for more action. The coalition government however, continued to be violently divided on the issue after the first police action was finished, and it feared that the UN and other nations would sympathise with the rebels if an all-out war was undertaken.

Although Prime Minister Oud was initially against renewed military action, he radically changed his of point of view when in September, one year after the first police action, a communist insurrection broke out in Loro Sae, which quickly spread to Burung Paradis. A ‘Peoples Government’ was declared and ‘peoples representatives’ were appointed. Oud feared a recognition of the ‘Peoples Government’ by communist and socialist countries now that a large chunk of the colony was no longer under Knootian control and the liberal strongly insisted on military action. This all took place during a cold war: If Knootoss were to take action in ttember, one year after the first police action, a communist insurrection broke out in Loro Sae, which quickly spread to Burung Paradis.ndnd the liberal strongly insisted on military action. This all took place during a cold war: If Knootoss were to take action in ttember, one year after the first police action, a communist insurrection broke out in Loro Sae, which quickly spread to Burung Paradis. A ‘Peoples Government’ was declared and ‘peoples representatives’ were appointed. Oud feared a recognition of the ‘Peoples Government’ by communist and socialist countries now that a large chunk of the colony was no longer under Knootian control aThe primary military objective of the Knootians, to retake New Hoorn, was accomplished quickly and Burungi leaders in town were handed over to local Knootian-approved nobility and were subsequently publicly executed on the main square. But the guerrilla raged on. Considerably more losses were suffered by the Knootians and slowly but surely it became a military and political catastrophe. Instead of gaining international support for the fight against communism, the world saw images of burning villages and piles of corpses on their black-and-white televisions. Attacks on economic targets continued, making all entrepreneurial efforts in the Knootian East Indies unprofitable.

Back home, public support turned against the war and the once popular Prime Minister Oud was losing strongly in the polls. An election in the second year of ‘Operation Burungi Liberty’ brought a critically weakened liberal party back to power. But Oud, now a politically broken man haunted by images of mass graves and atrocities, had gotten the message. For one more bloody year the Knootian East Indian army struggled to restore order in its colony but it was impossible to guard all the villages and jungle roads. Oud finally made the painful decision to abandon the Knootian East Indies altogether, leaving it to become Tanah Burung. The move was described in the press as the Republic ‘cutting its losses’. With that came an end to Knootoss as colonial world power and to the most extensive military operation which that country had ever undertaken entirely on its own strength: a police action, an order measure.

The new Burungi government was never officially recognised by Knootoss as legitimate, and the Knootians more or less collectively ignored the painful episode until a treaty was signed with Peoples Representative Violetta Bi Bere many decades later.
Tom Joad
30-07-2004, 20:31
OOC:Very interesting, but there seems to be several duplicate sentences or mixed up sentences in the second paragraph of 'The second police action'. Looking forward to reading more.
Syskeyia
30-07-2004, 21:37
Good, though I refuse to believe any such nation such as "Knootoss" existed until the DDR declared independance from the Kingdom of the Netherlands in 2003, and also that any of your IC actions before then (IC) were of the government of Holland at the time (in RL), etc. But you know my views on that. ;)

Anyway, one thing missing is the effect of World War II on this whole thing. Holland/Knootoss can't exactly send hundreds of thousands of troops across the world if their home country has been overrun and occupied by the Nazis, you know.

Also, from what I know of history it was World War II that ended European colonialism for good. After all, the coutnries had just been devestated by the war, and simply couldn't afford to maintain there colonial presence in the Third World. As you said you can't ignore World War II, you should incorporate that whole thing into your storyline.

December 7- any realtion to Pearl Harbor? ;)

God bless,

The Republic of Syskeyia
Tanah Burung
31-07-2004, 03:37
Tag to add more soon.

(December 7 is also the Indonesian invasion of East Timor, another "date that shall live in infamy.")
Five Civilized Nations
31-07-2004, 03:44
Tag to add more soon.

(December 7 is also the Indonesian invasion of East Timor, another "date that shall live in infamy.")(OOC: lol)
Tanah Burung
31-07-2004, 15:39
(Let me know if any objections, Knoot. I appear to have rabbitted on more than i intended.)

A new look at the revolution
By Taufik Sujatmoko
Dept. of History, Lovefest University

War clouds gather in the Emerald Seas. The enemy? It seems impossible, but once again, perhaps, our country faces a "police action" at the hands of Knootoss.

The two "police actions" during the revolution against Knootian colonial rule, of course, are famous here as "the two aggressions." The Knootians have a gift for euphemism, for using words that don't mean exactly what they say. "Police action" for aggression by tens of thousands of soldiers. "Peace and order" for a colonial occupation that systematically underdeveloped our country, draining its riches to the colonial metropole, so that Amsterdam could receive the tribute of the world. "Docile burungtjes" for the mass of our people who they called "little bids" and claimed to be "protecting" -- people who in the revolution, proved themselves not so docile after all.

The story of the two aggressions is well known. Tanah Burung declared its independence, and the Knootian forces struck back, capturing major cities including their old colonial capital of New Hoorn, now the city of Ukun Rasikan. Less well known is how the war ended. In the Knootian telling, they simply withdrew. Some diehards say Prime Minister Oud lacked the will and fortitude to fight on, and certainly he was an ethical liberal by colonial standards.

In Tanah Burung, though, it is told differently. We are taught that our forces, through their noble spirit and determination, drove out the militarily advanced forces of the colonizer, winning a glorious victory. Songs are sung of it: ironic in a land with no martial spirit to speak of.

As is so often the case in history, the truth lies somewhere between the myths. Yes, the Knootian forces withdrew, no clear-cut military victory having been won. Yes, that meant triumph for the local irregulars, since they were now free to build the independent United Provinces. But really, the reasons the war ended were economic: Tanah Burung had been a profitable colony, but war and scorched earth tactics meant there was no profit left to make: and so the good burghers cut their losses and moved on to more profitable ventures. The real story that followed was how a united nation was forged over deep regional divisions.

Tanah Burung was a patchwork of different kingdoms, sultanates and autonomous villages, all in fief to the East India Company. There was no common language. The only thing holding it all together was Knootian rule. But that gave the people a common enemy, and as history teaches, there is nothing better calculated to bring people together.

Spare a thought, though, for the wisdom of the founders. The last member of the revolutionary generation, Markus Rumbiak, passed away recently. It's ironic indeed that his name lies at the centre of the new clash with Knootoss. Rumbiak pioneered the people's councils that began to build grassroots democracy where the colonial era had taught us none, save a national edifice called the Volksraad that represented only the elites. In Loro Sae, Rumbiak began to create vilalge councils, government by referendum, and a social revolution that swept away the feudal chiefs who had shared common interest with the Knootian administration. It's no accident that Loro Sae fought hardest, that Knootian soldiers tried to avoid combat there in favour of easier battles in more southerly provinces.

And so the Loro Sae militias fought only one major engagement, the famous Battle of Vogelskop (now Kepala Burung). That battle is celebrated in Loro Sae songs as the heroic holding of a mountain pass against superior numbers. Recent research indicates that after an initial assault was thrown back, native conscripts among the Knootian forces simply refused to fight any longer against the "sorcerers" of Loro Sae: here, symbols of mystical potency were displayed to good effect by the defenders. Rumbiak's legendary sexual prowess was said to confer invulnerabiltiy upon those who fought under his banner. Scientifically, of course, this is a fiction. But psychologically, such beliefs carry great power. And so, however short of the legends it falls, the battle was won and Rumbiak had the victory that gave him a place in the revolutionaary councils among the other fighters.

The success of the Loro Sae social revolution was copied in other provinces. But the local autonomy principle remained strong. When Mau Kiri Rai, the guerrilla leader from Matebian, called for a centralized state as the focus of unity againat the Knootians, he was unable to carry the day. "We shall not be ruled from Tiga Burung any mroe than we shall be ruled from Knootcap," Rumbiak declared. And though he might have become President if he had chosen, being the most popular of the first generation of leaders, he preferred the federal system. And he convinced the other leaders -- Diosdado Hatta, Dato Onn, Lobato, even Bung Sjahrir -- to accept that there would be no one single leader. And so the threatened clash of Loro Sae versus Matebian versus Tiga Burung never took place. The result was the United Provinces structure: six provinces, alll self-governing, with a national government handling only matters of foreign policy and education. (Since then, other functions have been handed, by mutual consent, to the centre, though the tradition of rotating the capital among the six provincial capitals continues to this day.)

When the first revolutionary council was established, Rumbiak was the only member who could claim to have been elected, in a series of consultations at the village level in Loro Sae. The other provinces have held elections since, of course, and the revolutionary council replaced with a collective presidency composed of the six governors and the five people's representatives, each charged with a different function of government (foreign affairs, defence, education, the courts and economic affairs). Yet the revolutionary council played its role as the first bit of national unity entirely forged by local people, and not by a colonial outsider. Where the grassroots village meetings built political democracy, the revolutionary council treid to build economic democracy. Sadly this has been neglected in the fast growth of recent years, which ahs left so many behind and raised the rich-poor divide to unheard-of levels. We might do well to remember not only the martial legacy of the revolution, which was admittedly slim, but also and more importantly the attempt by Rumbiak and others to build libertarian socialism in those foundational days.
Knootoss
06-08-2004, 14:12
Wonderful. :) Its very nice. Even so I’ve sent you a TG with a tiny technical detail. *winks*

Anyway, it strikes me that Rumbiak was a much better fellow then Soekarno (Sukarno in English?)
Sukarno was, of course through my Dutch-with-colonial-family-history historic glasses, a collaborator who worked as a mouthpiece for the Japanese (axis) occupation forces in the second World War, coercing his own people into a form of forced labour for the Japanese occupiers while working along with their propaganda schemes. Of course, Rumbiak also had no part in Sukarno’s scandalous mistreatment of the Papua’s and the invasion of their lands.

A history book of mine still has a Dutch cartoon of Sukarno posing as Hitler before a military parade with banners… (Sieg Heil – Sudetenland – Prague – East New Guinea – West New Guinea.) one overarching banner saying “Trian Barat (New Guinea) - Heim Ins Reich.”

Grrrr.
[/rant]
Knootoss
06-08-2004, 14:13
Re: sys
World War II… this is actually a big dilemma that I’ve given some thought before deciding firmly not to include it and instead lose the war based on guerrilla action and public opinion alone.

You see, the thing with World War II is that it was fought by all sorts of RL nations. And I do not want to incorporate RL nations in my histories* because they are a slippery slope, bringing strange inconsistencies to RP. For example I think that it would have been far more likely for Knootoss to join the German/Austrian side for instance in the Great War (WWI)… but that is all hypothetical and I do not want to base my interactions on these ‘RL’ nations but instead focus on my past histories with other rping nations because, ultimately, a history is primarily interesting for the interaction. Lastly, if I chose to include WWII then I would have to recognise some point in history where all the RL nations vanished and I do not want to do that.

I do not use RL nations, just ‘events’ (‘the council of Trent, the invention of television’, ‘the 1848 unrests’) and developments (‘industrialisation’, ‘the reformation’) I’m working on a history of Knootoss in the 19th century history which should be ready for publishing as soon as I get permission from Iesus, Reichskamphen and HVS. I

’m not sure if I even want to determine a fixed history for the twentieth century because of the way the world wars affected it. This way I do not have to confirm or deny that those wars happened, which is just the wiggling room I need for incorporating other nations in my history as I meet them OOCly. Anyways, I’m inclined to leave it out as long as there isn’t some consistent other European player that I’d like to work together with on the European continent (besides HVS who is obviously already there but largely ‘just sits there’.)

And actually, to get back to your second comment, it is astonishing that IRL, the Dutch were able to mount such a large troop force right after WWII. This was about the number same number as the Knootian force. (124k – 140k. respectively if I recall it correctly.) For a tiny country devastated by war and occupation (the Germans stole everything from bikes to entire pieces of railroad track) that is a pretty big number. The Netherlands could have afforded to maintain its colonial presence – basically we lost the colony because of American (*spits*) pressure and threats to end Marshall aid. (Basically they thought that a ‘strong’ independent Indonesia would be a better ally in the cold war. Decades of dictatorship ensued. A dictatorship that invaded various neighbouring nations and oppressing dissent too (as I mentioned in my previous post) which is the cause of continued ethnic strife inside the nation until today.

((*For the nitpickers: Yes. I did include ‘England’ once in my dieing thread… but I meant England geographically there as the body of land closest to western submerged Knootoss, and not as a nationstate.))
Syskeyia
06-08-2004, 15:22
Re: sys
World War II… this is actually a big dilemma that I’ve given some thought before deciding firmly not to include it and instead lose the war based on guerrilla action and public opinion alone.

You see, the thing with World War II is that it was fought by all sorts of RL nations. And I do not want to incorporate RL nations in my histories* because they are a slippery slope, bringing strange inconsistencies to RP.

Well, I think that if you clkaim a RL territory, you have to accept the history of that country, and not just make up your own. (At least if you want to RP with Syskeyia. ;) ) If Knootoss were a fictional piece of land, I'd be fine with not including WWII. (Didn't you say you just couldn't ignore WWII because Germany bordered your lands?)

Also, there is the fact that public opinion could turn against the Tanah Burung war after WWII because after being invaded and occupied by the Nazis, the Dutch/Knootian people were just sick of war.

My §0.02 for now. :)

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v123/Syskeyia/sys_p51.jpg
http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v123/Syskeyia/sys_b25.gif

God bless,

The Republic of Syskeyia
Tanah Burung
06-08-2004, 15:58
(I wouldn't say Sukarno was a collaborator exactly, though. The Indonesian nationalist strategy was for some leaders to work with the Japanese to get independence, and others like Sjahrir to work underground against them, and forces loyal to Sukarno did attack Japanese barracks before the surrender. Sukarno's an ambiguous figure, & those are always the most interesting. Nor would i say it was just US pressure that forced the Dutch out of Indonesia. With the Papua one, yes, the US made Netherlands leave and that was awful, but in 1949 it was a lot more complicated. I think both the Dutch view (the Americans made us leave, grr) and the Indoneisan view (we won a glorious armed victory, hurrah) are both too simplistic for what was a very complicated historical development. Bioth underestiamte a very skilful Indoneisan diplomatic effort. Bottom line, no continued colonial rule over a country of any size was possible in Asia by the 1950s. Anyways, enough off-topic historical analysis from me. BTW, the Dutch achievement in fielding that army in 1948 was impressive indeed, but required conscription of some 8% of national manpower, so had its costs.)
Knootoss
10-08-2004, 23:03
BTW, the Dutch achievement in fielding that army in 1948 was impressive indeed, but required conscription of some 8% of national manpower, so had its costs.)
We godmoded a lot back then. ;)
Knootoss
13-08-2004, 15:20
Happy Bump.
Knootoss
11-09-2004, 16:24
Historic Bump, with the war having started and such. :)