NationStates Jolt Archive

WAAMA MILITARY HARDWARE CATALOGUE
Greetings!

This online catalogue is a collection of all of the military systems and technologies offered for sale to foreign nations and bodies by members of the Western Asian Arms Manufacturing Association (WAAMA).* My name is Jay Gatz, the representative of WAAMA for foreign military equipment sales and WAAMA's primary foreign market representative.

WAAMA members have had a long history of selling high-quality military systems to nations across the world. GINY, LLC. (Greater Israel Naval Yards), for one, was the first company to develop and produce Trimaran Warships™ for militaries and has sold scores of the high-quality vessels to numerous nations.

GIMI (Greater Israel Military Industries), along other WAAMA member companies, has recently developed and introduced an innovative line of new, man-based weapons systems.

WAAMA Products are of the highest quality and most have been battle-tested to great success.

James Gatz
Weapons Trade Representative for WAAMA
Representative to IDF on WAAMA Affairs

P.S. For other quality weapons, Sniper Country's Narcs: Military Specialists (http://www.nationstates.net/forum/viewtopic.php?p=2477870#2477870) is also an excellent source.

*- Note: All sales are made in accord with the regulations and rules established by the Weapons Export Control Board (WECB), a sub-committee of the Senate of the United States of Western Asia. Sales are subject to these rules and regulations and, at times, these limitations may result in the refusal of service to certain customers. Delta Triumvirate nations face none of these limitations and Zion Pact nations are exempt from most. Delta Triumvirate members and certain other select nations are entitled to special deals and discounts.
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WAAMA Member Corporations (Partial Listing):
Greater Israel Military Industries Ltd. (GIMI, formerly TAAS)
GINY, LLC. (Greater Israel Naval Yards, Formerly Israel Shipyards)
RAFAEL, Inc. (Armament Development Authority Ltd.)
Elbit Systems, Ltd.
ElOp (Electro-Optics Industries, Ltd.; a subsidiary of Elbit Systems)
Automotive Industries, Ltd. (AIL)
The Elisra Group
Tadiran Communications, Ltd.
Greater Israel Aircraft Industries, Ltd. (GIAI)
The Greater Israeli Motor Company (GIMC)
T.A.T. Industries, Ltd.
Soltam Systems, Ltd.
Plasan Sasa Composite Materials
Meprolight
SkyCat International, Ltd.
FNH, Inc. (a subsidiary of Lacroix Pyro-Technologies of Sniper Country)
Cheyenne Tactical (CheyTac Associates LLC)
SoundBlaster TechSystems, Ltd.
PepperBall Technologies, Ltd.
...and many others...

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Product Categories
All listings will eventially link to pages with information on relevant and related systems

Ground Systems
Vehicles
-Armored-
MBTs
Artillery and Artillery Support Vehicles
Armored Personnel Carriers (APCs) and Light Armored Vehicles (LAVs)
Force Protection Vehicles

-Unarmored-
General Use and Transport
Light Scout/Strike Vehicles

-Unmanned-
Remotely Operated Ground Strike Vehicle
Remotely Operated Battlefield Engineering Vehicles
Remote Operations Control Center

Infantry Weaponry
-Crew Served-
Anti-Armor/Bunker Weaponry
Machine Guns and Grenade Launchers
Mortar Systems

-Individually Served/Personal-
Anti-Armor/Bunker Weaponry
Mortar Systems
General Armaments
Explosives
Sniper Weapons Systems
Special Mission Items

Military Aircraft
Fixed-Wing
-Manned-
Attack/Strike
Fighter
Bomber
AEW/ECM
Special Mission
Transport, Utility, and Tanker

-Unmanned-
UAV
UCAV

Rotary Wing
Attack/CAS
AEW/ECM
Special Mission
Transport/Utility Helicopters

Airlifter/Airship/Dirigible
-Transport-
ULAs
-Assault-
GATEKEEPER System

Naval Systems
Aircraft Carriers
Trimaran Conventional Aircraft Carriers
Special Mission/Purpose Carriers
Amphibious Assault/Helicopter Carriers

Surface Warfare
Shore Bombardment Vessels (SBV)/Artillery From the Sea (AFS)
Carrier Escort Vessels
Strike Team Vessels

Transport and Logistical Support
Combat Logistics
Regional Logistical Support
High Speed Sealift

Small Watercraft and Patrol Craft
Patrol Boats and Corvettes
Small Watercraft
Special Operations Vessels

Submarine Systems
Attack Submarine

Unmanned Systems
Unmanned Small Surface Watercraft
Special Mission and AUSV

Landing Craft
Amphibious Landing Craft
Landing Ship Barges
Logistics Support Vessels
LCAC and HLCAC
AAAV and AAVP7A2

Onboard Systems
Gun Systems
Missile and Rocket Systems
Defensive Area Systems
Anti-Detection Systems
Enhanced Armoring Systems

Munitions
Guided Munitions (Smart Weapons)

Missiles
Air to Air
Air to Surface
Surface to Air
Surface to Surface
Surface to Subsurface

Ammunition
Guided and Unguided Rocket Munitions
Guided and Unguided Missile Munitions
Guided and Unguided Artillery Munitions
Ground Weapon Munitions


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OOC: This is now up and running, it will be updated as I finishe descriptions and might eventually be reincarnated in a more organized fashion. If you're dissapointed by a lack of pictures then I am sincerely sorry that you have problems without them and I hope that the quality text descriptions and linked make up for things. I'm trying for quality and (as best as possible) reality here. You will not see duplicates of every similar system in existance--only those that Western Asian companies are producing.

PLEASE PLACE ALL ORDERS HERE (http://www.nationstates.net/forum/viewtopic.php?p=2535215#2535215). Thank You.

A legalish note: All of the names used here are used in veneration of the RL companies based in Israel, the United States of America, and elsewhere. Many of the systems and products below are made in the tradition of those companies and all products are attempts to reflect the high quality of those companies' products.

Some of the systems are based on concepts and descriptions found on several websites, these include (but are not limited to):
www.israeli-weapons.com
www.g2mil.com
www.globalsecurity.com/military/systems
www.army-technology.com
www.airforce-technology.com
www.navy-technology.com

Last Edited:12/31/03 @ 2055 EST
Edited: 1/5/04 @ 2131 EST, [added link to orders thread]

--- Western Asian Arms Manufacturing Association (WAAMA) Catalogue: Main Battle Tanks (MBTs)
>>>>Complete Listing of MBTs<<<<

a.o. 11/7/2003
updated with Sabra and other info 11/15/03
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Merkava Family of MBTs
Merkava Mk 3 Baz
Merkava Mk 3D
Merkava Mk. 4

Sabra Family of MBTs
Sabra Mk 1

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------------------------------------------

Merkava Family of MBTs

The Merkava is the main battle tank in service with the Greater Israeli armed forces (Western Asia’s IDF). One of the most powerful and best protected MBTs in the world, the Merkava family of MBTs boast some of the best experience in a variety of complex scenarios, including Urban Operations (UO, formerly known as Military Operations in Urban Terrain (MOUT)). The natively designed and made Merkava family is definitively 1st class and has earned its reputation both in combat and in peacetime operations. Superior quality, power, maintainability, firepower, and safety assure the position of the Merkavas at the "top of the heap."

The Merkava is the innovative Israeli design of Major General Israel Tal. The primary design criteria was crew survivability. Every part of the overall design is expected to contribute to helping the crew survive. The engine is in the front to provide protection to the crew. There is a special protective umbrella for the tank commander to enable protection from indirect fire with the hatches open. Special "spaced armor" is in use along with protected fuel and ammo compartments. Rear ammunition stowage is combined with a rear entrance and exit. Since the rounds are stowed in containers that can be removed from the vehicle whenever necessary, this space can accommodate tank crewmen who have been forced to abandon their vehicles, or, if thought to be appropriate, even infantrymen. Rear ammunition stowage allows replenishment much more easily than if rounds have to be replaced in a carousel in the hull center, as in typical Russian vehicles. Tank soldiers have long admired Merkava's rear entrance and exit, recognizing that it would allow them to mount and dismount unobserved by the enemy and would provide an excellent alternative escape route. The Merkava can also carry a small Infantry squad internally under complete armored protection.

Models
There are three models currently produced for the IDF of Western Asia, with GIMI as the primary contractor and assembler of some components (the IDF completes the assembly process). These are the Mk. 3 Baz, the Mk. 3D, and the Mk. 4. The Mk. 3 Baz is one of the last of the older chain of Merkava MBTs yet it remains one of the preeminent MBTs and is used in numerous countries across the NS world. The Mk. 3D is a version of the Mk. 3 Baz that has been equipped with upgrades including a new turret from the Mk. 4. The 3D has been adequately described as the "stop-gap" system between the 3Baz and the 4. Most of Western Asia’s own armored forces use these three systems as earlier systems are being converted into the Achzarit Mk. 3 Heavy APC (see description below).

The Merkava Mk 3 Baz entered service with the IDF at the beginning of 1990. The main features of the Merkava Mk 3 are a new suspension system, a 1,200hp engine and new transmission, a higher power main gun, and particularly new armor protection. Ballistic protection is provided by special armor modules, which are attached to the tank by bolts. These are easily replaced whenever better ballistic technology is introduced. About 2,300 Merkava Mk 3 Baz tanks are in service with the IDF.

The Merkava Mk. 4 entered full production in 2001 and entered service with the Israel Defense Forces in early 2004. Improvements include a new 120mm gun, new modular ballistic armor and new fire control system developed by El-Op. The radically re-designed turret features a distinctive sloped top to deflect enemy fires and to provide the tank with the low profile that Merkavas are known for. Since its introduction, the Mk. 4 has been wildly popular for its capabilities and over 2,500 units were produced in the initial production run following its introduction, with more being produced every year. Updates to designs are made periodically as technology improves, sold items are baseline 0, or the initial production model. Later baselines, lots, and modifications are not for sale as of yet.

To make use of some of the only slightly outdated Mk. 3 Baz units (and to rush the Mk. 4’s advanced capabilities into the force), the Mk. 3D was developed. The 3D is mostly a Baz with the addition of the Mk. 4’s turret and some updated systems, which effectively make the "recycled" tank as effective as the brand-new Mk. 4s. This conversion process allowed the IDF to make great savings and there are over 3,200 Mk. 3D tanks in service today.

Merkava Mk 3 and General Merkava Family Information

ARMAMENT
The main gun of the Merkava is a 120mm smoothbore gun developed by Israeli Military Industries. The gun has a Vidco Industries thermal sleeve, which increases accuracy by preventing distortion through the effects of weather, heat and shock. The tank carries an ammunition store of 50 rounds of 120mm ammunition. The tank is also equipped with three 7.62mm machine guns, two roof mounted and one co-axial with the main gun. The tank carries a store of 10,000 rounds of 7.62mm ammunition.

The 60mm mortar system, which is a large calibre gun with a low muzzle velocity, is capable of firing high explosive rounds and illumination bombs. The crew can load, aim and fire the mortar system from within the turret. The mortar system is developed by Soltam Limited of Haifa.

TURRET
Hydraulic systems can be susceptible to impact damage and cause a fire hazard so the electro-hydraulic turret control system installed on the Mk 1 and 2 has been replaced by a totally electrical and electronic system (including EMP-proof fiber-optic cables for major and vital systems) in the Merkava Mk 3 (and following models) for increased survivability and safety. Either the gunner or the commander operates the turret control system.

The crew is protected against nuclear, chemical and biological warfare by a high positive pressure system with air conditioning and filtration.

PROTECTION
The tank's is fitted with the Amcoram LWS-2 laser warning system, with threat warning display installed at the commander's station.

The turret and the hull are fitted with a modular armor system which can be changed in the field. The forward section of the turret is fitted with additional blocks of armor which provide extra protection against the latest generation of top attack anti-tank missiles.

A skirt of chains with ball weights is installed on the lower half of the turret bustle. Incoming HEAT projectiles detonate on impact with the chains instead of penetrating the turret ring. Sprung armor side skirts protect the wheels and tracks.

The welding and machining technology for the large armor body sections of the Merkava was developed by the Israeli Army Tank Depot, and the casting of ballistic steel materials was developed by Urdan Industries Ltd at Natanya.

FIRE CONTROL AND OBSERVATION
The Knight Mk III advanced fire control system, from Electro Optics Industries (EL-OP) and Elbit Ltd, integrates with the turret control and gun control units and provides the tank with the ability to engage moving targets while on the move.

The gunner's station is equipped with a thermal sight and day television channel, which are stabilised in two axes. A laser rangefinder and target tracker are integrated into the gunner's sight. The Elbit automatic target tracker is able to automatically aim at the target using the image data presented on the day or night sights.

The commander's station is fitted with a sight which can be optically relayed to the gunner's sight. The Merkava 3 is fitted with a day/night stabilised panoramic sight, giving hunter/killer capacity.


PROPULSION
The Merkava Mk 3 is equipped with an AVDS-1790-9AR diesel supplied by Teledyne Continental Motors. The air-cooled diesel provides 1,200hp, compared to the 900hp engine installed in the Mk 1 and Mk 2. The tank's transmission system was developed by the Ashot Ashkelon Industries Limited subsidiary of Israel Military Industries. The Merkava Mark-3 carries 1,400 litres of fuel.


Merkava Mk. 3 Baz Specifications
Weight (Combat loaded): 65 tons
Dimensions:
- Overall length, gun forward: 9.04 m
- Overall width, without skirts: 3.72 m
- Height, to turret roof: 2.66 m

Crew: 4 (driver, commander, gunner, loader)

Armament:
Main gun: 120mm smooth bore gun
Ammunition storage: 48 rounds (Stored in individual spall-proof and fire proof containers).
Machine-guns: 3 X 7.62 mm
Mortar, internal: 60 mm

Targeting/Fire Control System:
Advanced Fire Control System
2 axis stabilized line of sight, auto-tracker, day/night vision
Anti-Helicopter capability

Commander's sight: panoramic, independent
Day channel magnification: X 4.8 and X 12
Thermal & TV display monitor
Gunner's sight: 2 axis stabilized
Day channel magnification: X 12
Thermal & TV channel display monitor
Automatic Tracker for Commander and Gunner

Gun & Turret Control System
Gun and turret drive: all electric
Gun Control
- Max. Velocity elevation: 15° / sec
- Max. Velocity traversen: 34° / sec

Protections/Features:
Modular Special Armor
NBC protection and air-condition system
- Hybrid functioning (over-pressured & personal mask operation)
- Cool-air supply to mask and overalls
Air Conditioning
Automatic Fire Suppression System
Electro-Magnetic Warning System
Instantaneous Smoke Grenade Launchers (2 launchers, 24 grenades)
All-Electric Turret Control System
Rear access door (Rear compartment can bear extra munitions or personnel.)

Engine and Movement:
Fully Automatic Transmission
Advanced Mechanical Suspension

- Engine
Type: diesel, 4 stroke, air cooled
Configuration: 90° V 12
Power: 1200 HP

- Transmission
Type: hydrokinetic, fully automatic
Gears: 4 fwd, 3 rev

- Suspension
Type: hydromechanical
Road wheel travel: 300 mm (bound)
Track: steel, single dry pin

- Performance
Range on hard level road: 500 km
Max. Road speed: 60 km/hr
Max. Cross country speed: 55 km/hr


3/4 view of the Baz, demonstrating its low profile and easily recognizable form (http://www.army-technology.com/projects/merkava4/images/merkava4.jpg)

Unit Replacement Cost: $3.7 Million


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Merkava Mk 3D Information

The Mk. 3D is a Merkava Mk 3 Baz with fourth generation armor, additional armor plates on the chassis and the turret.

The turret of the Mk. 3 is formed into the same shape as that of the Mk. 4. Due to the hybrid nature of the Mk. 3D, it tends to be somewhat cheaper than the full Mk. 4 and is an ideal "make-do" tank for nations that seek to add high-quality tanks to their arsenal, even when they cannot afford the latest gear.

The optics and several minor mechanical sub-systems have also been updated to the Mk. 4 baseline. The electronics, including fire-control, guidance, C4I, and unit-management systems have been upgraded to the Mk. 4 level due to the relatively high availability of such systems.

A profile of the Mk. 3D (notice the armor formed similarly to the Mk. 4’s) (http://www.army-technology.com/projects/merkava/images/merkava10.jpg[/url)

Unit Replacement Cost: $3.9M


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Merkava Mk. 4 Information

The Israeli Ministry of Defense held the roll out ceremony of the new main battle tank Merkava, Merkava 4, on 24 June 2002. The 65t Merkava 4 main battle tank entered full production in 2001 and was in service with the Israel Defense Forces by 2004. The Ministry of Defense manufactured hundreds of Merkava 4 tanks. The Merkava 4 has been extensively improved over the previous Merkava lines and features new armor protection and gun and electronics systems.

The Merkava 4 is slightly larger than the Merkava 3 Baz, which has been in service with the IDF since 1990.

The tank is capable of carrying eight infantry soldiers, a Command Group or three litter patients (stretcher casualties) in addition to the tank crew of commander, loader, gunner and driver. The tank is capable of firing on the move at moving targets and has demonstrated high hit probability in firing against attack helicopters using conventional anti-tank munitions. Even greater anti-helicopter and long-range tank-to-tank actions have been made possible thanks to the LAHAT missile (see below for more information on the LAHAT).

Major contractors include: the El Op Electro-Optic Industries subsidiary of Elbit Systems which is responsible for the fire control system; the Israel Defense Force which carries out main construction and system integration and testing; Israel Military Industries for the supply of the main gun, ballistic protection and munitions; Imco Industries for the electrical systems; Urdan Industries for the hull, main turret and castings; and IAI Ramta for protection components.

The main part of the tank production, the construction of the hull and integration of all the systems is carried out in the Israel Defense Force Workshop.

Protection and Survivability
The principles on which the design of the Merkava tank family development was based have been applied again in the Merkava Mk. 4. Priority has been given to protection and survivability, utilizing the tank's systems for protecting the crew (the engine is installed in the front of the tank), with storage of ammunition in protected containers, automatic fire suppression system, an overpressure NBC system, and more.

The Merkava is one of the best protected tanks in the world. Its advanced protective systems provide increased protection against penetration of APFSDS shells and all known ATGM's, and its sensors are capable of detecting the launch of such missiles in advance, including laser-guided missiles. The tank's is fitted with the Amcoram LWS-2 laser warning system, with threat warning display installed at the commander's station.

In the Merkava Mk. 4, the ballistic protection is modular and provides more effective protection against modern threats, involving both protection efficiency and coverage area. Above all, the ballistic protection includes roof protection, which provides a capability against overhead attacks. The electromagnetic threat identification warning system is an advanced generation of its predecessor in the Mk 3. The turret and the hull are fitted with a modular armor system which can be changed in the field. The forward section of the turret is fitted with additional blocks of armor which provide extra protection against the latest generation of top attack anti-tank missiles. A skirt of chains with ball weights is installed on the lower half of the turret bustle. Incoming HEAT projectiles detonate on impact with the chains instead of penetrating the turret ring. Sprung armor side skirts protect the wheels and tracks.

According to the tank's designers, headed by the progenitor of the Merkava, Maj. Gen. (res.) Israel Tal, the fourth generation represents a quantum leap forward. Part of the revolution lies in the fact that the tank will, for the first time, be equipped with full perimeter defense, both vertical and horizontal. This, combined with an advanced observation and control system, will enable the tank commander to function from the turret with full protection from external threats such as anti-tank missiles.

The Mk. 4 is equipped with a central filtering system for protection against nuclear-biological-chemical threats, enabling the crew to function without face masks or cumbersome protective suits. Yet the Mk. 4 retains the hull design of the previous Merkava versions.

Unique among the main battle tanks of the world, the Merkava design features a front-mounted engine and battery, room inside for several full armed soldiers in addition to the crew and a rear access hatch allowing for the quick evacuation of crews and injured soldiers. Enemy fire directly striking the front of the tank, the most likely point of attack, is absorbed by the mass of the engine block, protecting the crew. The engine pack is easily replaced.

Tank Weaponry
The Merkava 4 has a new all electric turret developed by Elbit and subsidiary El-Op. Only one hatch is installed in the turret, the commander's hatch.

The improved 120mm smooth bore gun has been developed by Israel Military Industries. The new gun is an advanced generation of the gun developed for the Merkava 3. The gun is also modified to sustain higher pressures, resulting in improved range and penetration performance. A Vidco thermal shroud on the gun reduces bending of the barrel resulting from environmental and firing conditions. The gun can fire higher power munitions including new 120mm high penetration projectiles and guided shells. The loader can semi-automatically select and load a specific ammunition type depending on the target and desired action. The tank carries 48 rounds of ammunition each stored in a protective container. An electrically operated revolving magazine contains 10 ready-to-fire rounds.

10P Revolving Magazine of the Merkava Mk. 4 (http://www.fprado.com/armorsite/Merkava-Pics/Merk-Mk4-Autoloader.jpg)
A microprocessor controlled, fully automated, electrically driven, 120 mm round magazine. The system is located in an isolated space of the turret and is designed to protect the crew in case of ammunition explosion. The system is easy to operate from the crew compartment. The loader can select proper ammunition out of four different types and 10 rounds total.

The range of ammunition includes APFSDS-T M711 (CL 3254), the HEAT-MP-T M325 (CL 3105) and the TPCSDS-T M324 (CL 3139) supplied by the Ammunition Group of Israel Military Industries. The gun is also capable of firing French, German or US 120mm rounds.

The tank is fitted with 7.62mm machine guns and an internally operated mortar system. The 60 millimeter mortar system, which is a large caliber gun with a low muzzle velocity, is capable of firing high explosive rounds and illumination bombs. The crew can load, aim and fire the mortar system from within the turret. The protection suite includes an advanced electromagnetic threat identification and warning system. The mortar can fire explosive and illumination rounds to a range of 2,700m. The system is developed by Soltam Limited of Haifa.

El Op Fire Control
The new fire control system, developed by El Op, includes very advanced features including the capability to acquire and lock onto moving targets, even airborne helicopters, while the tank itself is on the move. The night vision system is based on the world's leading thermal technology. The automatic tracking ability has been significantly improved over that of the baseline Mk 3Baz.

The computer controlled fire control system includes line of sight stabilisation in two axes, a second-generation television sight and automatic thermal target tracker, a laser range finder, an improved thermal night vision system and a dynamic cant angle indicator. The commander's station is fitted with a stabilised panoramic day and night sight. The integrated operating system includes advanced data communications and battle management. Tadiran developed the Merkava's communications system, the inter communication system and the VRC 120 vehicular transceiver radio with embedded auxiliary receivers

The systems provide for the implementation of an effective combat doctrine in target acquisition, allocation and destruction by commander and gunner. The system that supports the fire power is controlled by displays and advanced operating systems, helping the commander deal effectively with data communication and battle management.

GD 883 V-12 Diesel Engine
The Merkava 4 is powered by a V-12 diesel engine rated at 1,500hp. The engine compartment and one fuel tank are at the front of the tank and two fuel tanks are at the back. The new engine represents a 25% increase in power compared to the 1,200hp powerpack installed on the Merkava 3.

The Greater Israeli company GIMC manufactures the engine components and the GD 883 engine is manufactured under licensed production by the IDF. The engine is transferred to the main plants for installation and integration with the automatic transmission and with the engine computer control system. The tank has automatic five-gear transmission rather than four gears as in the Merkava 3. The transmission system is manufactured by Renk. The single position rotary shock absorbers are installed externally.

Since the engine block also serves, in part, as an addition to the frontal armoring, the engine block has been specifically designed, as in all Merkava tanks, to be easily replaced. A crew with a spare engine and a engineering vehicle- mounted crane could replace the entire engine in a very short amount of time, thus allowing "incapacitated" tanks to be rapidly back in action.

Hull
The redesign of the hull around the installation of the new powerpack has provided improved frontal armor protection and improvement to the driver's field of view. For improved reverse driving the driver uses a camera.

A new feature of the tank is that fitted modular special armor covers the turret. The tank is protected against a range of threats, including air launched precision guided missiles and advanced (even top attack) anti-tank weapons. Automatic fire detection and suppression has been installed. The underside of the hull has been fitted with additional armor protection against mines and buried charges—a trait that is sadly lacking in most of the modern tanks produced, at the cost of many good soldiers’ lives. The driver and crew compartments are equipped with heating and cooling air conditioning and a Shalon Chemical Industries combined individual and overpressure protection systems against contamination by NBC warfare.

Economic Aspects
Acquisition and manufacturing
About 200 factories take part in the manufacturing of the tank (main contractors and subcontractors). The major manufacturers include: Elbit - El Op (control systems), the IDF (main construction, assembly and testing), IMI (main gun, protection components and transmission) Urdan (armor castings), IAI-Ramta (protection components).
The majority of the manufacturing is performed by the private sector. The rest is performed by the IDF and state-owned industries.

Economic advantage
The production of the Merkava tank has proved itself throughout its generations as economically preferable to foreign tanks of the same technological generation. This advantage continues with the Merkava Mk. 4 (and the up-coming Mk 5) whose cost is considerably lower than that of comparable tanks in the world.

The Merkava Mk. 4 includes innovations in all tank quality components - protection and survivability, firepower and mobility.

Merkava Mk. 4 Specifications
Weight (Combat loaded): 65 tons
Dimensions:
- Overall length, gun forward: 9.04 m
- Overall width, without skirts: 3.72 m
- Height, to turret roof: 2.66 m

Crew: 4 (driver, commander, gunner, loader)

Armament:
Main gun: 120mm smooth bore gun
Ammunition storage:
10 rounds (Ready to fire, stored in rotary magazine).
48 rounds (Stored in individual spall-proof and fire proof containers).

Machine-guns: 3 X 7.62 mm

Mortar, internal: 60 mm
Mortar range: 2,700m (avgerage w/conventional, unguided mortars. Rocket-assisted mortars would have a significantly longer range).

Targeting/Fire Control System:
Advanced Fire Control System
2 axis stabilized line of sight, auto-tracker, day/night vision
Anti-Helicopter capability

Commander's sight: panoramic, independent
Day channel magnification: X 4.8 and X 12
Thermal & TV display monitor
Gunner's sight: 2 axis stabilized
Day channel magnification: X 12
Thermal & TV channel display monitor
Automatic Tracker for Commander and Gunner

Gun & Turret Control System
Gun and turret drive: all electric
Gun Control
- Max. Velocity elevation: 15° / sec
- Max. Velocity traverse: 34° / sec

Protections/Features:
Modular Special Armor
NBC protection and air-condition system
- Hybrid functioning (over-pressured & personal mask operation)
- Cool-air supply to mask and overalls
Air Conditioning
Automatic Fire Suppression System
Electro-Magnetic Warning System
Instantaneous Smoke Grenade Launchers (2 launchers, 24 grenades)
All-Electric Turret Control System
Rear access door (Rear compartment can bear extra munitions or personnel.)

Engine and Movement:
Fully Automatic Transmission
Advanced Mechanical Suspension

- Engine
Type: diesel, 4 stroke, air cooled
Configuration: 90° V 12
Power: 1500 HP

- Transmission
Type: hydrokinetic, fully automatic
Gears: 4 fwd, 3 rev

- Suspension
Type: hydromechanical
Road wheel travel: 300 mm (bound)
Track: steel, single dry pin

- Performance
Range on hard level road: 500 km
Max. Road speed: over 60 km/hr
Max. Cross country speed: 55 km/hr

Identification Materials
3/4 view demonstrating the low profile and sloped armor of the Mk. 4 (http://www.army-technology.com/projects/merkava4/images/Merkava4_2.jpg)
Profile view demonstrating the appearance and form of the tank (http://www.army-technology.com/projects/merkava4/images/merkava4_1.jpg)
A rear view showing the chain-and-ball turret protection and the rear door for crew escape, infantry transportation, and rapid and safe ammunition reloading (http://www.army-technology.com/projects/merkava4/images/Merkava4_3.jpg)

Unit Replacement Cost: $4.2 Million

(See next post for Sabra information)

Sabra Family of MBTs

The Sabra is a Western Asian ‘medium tank’ that stands in for the heavier and more expensive (although vastly more capable) Merkavas when the Merkava family’s special abilities are not required. One factor in modern warfare that commanders of land forces have realized is that a mix of expensive, high-quality, high-capability and relatively cheap, yet capable tanks is most effective on today’s battlefield. While the main tanks take on other MBTs and some scout/fighting vehicles, the medium tanks seek out lightly-armored forces and groups that "hunter-killer" squads rip apart. These squads include both medium-tanks and lightly armed vehicles, such as the M8 Buford AGS and M1114 up-armored HMMWV among others, equipped with a variety of anti-armor weaponry. If heavier armored forces or other main battle tanks show up then the medium tanks have a chance to defend themselves until the main battle tanks can make an appearance to deal with the more powerful threats. Lighter and unarmored vehicles are often dealt with by other lighter and unarmored vehicles or "Infantry Fighting Vehicles." This modular approach to the battlefield helps the IDF save money (as ‘out-classed’ systems at one level can often be refurbished and used at the lower levels and since expensive MBT units can be spread across the battlefield effectively.

The Sabra line is actually an improved armor, weapons, and systems package for the old M60 Patton tank and represents a grand improvement over the old system. Improved systems of every type and modern armor packages ensure the Sabra a place on the modern and future battlefield as a secondary tank.

Models
Two Sabra models are currently in existence, but before the Sabra came the Magach. The Magach 3 and Magach 5 tanks were upgrades of the M47/48 Patton tanks in the IDF service and, eventually, came to include ERA (Explosive Reactive Armor) packages. The Magach 6 was the main designation for upgraded M60 Patton tanks and several sub-variants were developed and fielded. A few of the Magach 6B Gal and Magach 6B Gal Batash units from the early and mid-1990s still exist in Western Asian military storage facilities. The Magach 7 was an M60 variant without the ERA packages of the Magach 6B, opting instead for more infantry-friendly passive armor, which was actually more protective than the early Magach 6B ERA packages. Many Magach 7 models are also in military storage and are sometimes available for Low Intensity Conflicts within or near Western Asia when the Merkava and Sabra MBTs are not necessary or available. The Sabra line, however, is the latest development of the venerable M47/48/60 Patton series of tanks and makes use of the M60A3 upgrades as a baseline for its own improvements.

The Sabra Mk. 1 was the first step beyond the Magach 7 and is sometimes referred to or referenced as an advanced model of the Magach 7. Upgrades included an enhanced firepower package and other systems.

The Sabra Mk. 2 is a improvement upon the Mk. 1 that has been fielded recently but which has few publicly-available resources. In spite of this secrecy, it is known to have some improvements over the Mk. 1 related mostly to graduated improvements rather than vast technological improvements. The Mk. 2 is sometimes described by analysts as a means of establishing a baseline for improved Mk. 1s, which have previously been randomly upgraded by unit commanders and in small-scale improvement programs, which have spawned a variety of sub-variants for the Mk. 1.

---------------

Sabra Mk. 1 Information

The Sabra Main Battle Tank is a modernized, upgraded M60A3 (Magach), developed by Greater Israel Military Industries’ Slavin heavy weapons plant at Ramat Hasharon. As with all upgrade programs the scope of a Sabra upgrade package was customised to meet a particular country's operational requirements.

ARMAMENT
The Sabra's main armament is a 120 mm smooth bore gun which is similar to the gun developed by Greater Israel Military Industries (formerly TAAS) for the Merkava Mk 3 main battle tank. The gun is fitted with a fume extractor and a thermal sleeve for reduction of wear and to maximize the first round hit probability by reducing thermally induced distortion of the barrel. Stowage is provided for 42 rounds of ammunition. The gun has greater range and armor penetrating capability than the 105 mm gun installed on the original M60 MBTs. The gun is capable of firing NATO standard 120 mm smooth bore ammunition including Armour Piercing Fin-Stabilised Discarding Sabot (APFSDS) rounds.

The Sabra Mk. 1 variant sold is actually the Mk. 1b and includes a 10-round rotary-loading system as is in the Merkava family of tanks.

The co-axial machine gun is either a 7.62 mm or 5.56 mm (depending on available resources and the personal preference of local commanders and base authorities) and two other machine guns are pintle-mounted on the turret of the Sabra for use by the crew (one sits by the commander’s hatch and the other by a shared crew hatch . The 60mm internal mortar system is supplied by Soltam Ltd based in Haifa.

PROTECTION
The Sabra is equipped with an automatic fire and explosion suppression system, a threat warning system and smoke grenade launchers. The tank is fitted with modular passive armor protection, which is upgraded with some explosive reactive armor in the Sabra Mk II. The pair of instantaneous smoke-grenade launchers that can launch a total of 12 grenades without rearming.

FIRE CONTROL AND OBSERVATION
The hybrid turret and gun control system consists of an hydraulic elevation drive and an electric traverse drive. The tank is equipped with a Knight computerized fire control system supplied by El-Op (Electro-Optics) Industries Ltd of Rehovot and and Elbit Systems of Haifa. The fire control system is integrated into the turret control and actively controls the turret dynamics. The line of sight stabilization in elevation and azimuth provides high hit probability for stationary and on the move engagements against stationary and moving targets. The system has four modes of operation : stabilised mode with the gun axis slaved to the line of sight, slaved mode where the gunner's line of sight is slaved to the gun axis, a non stabilized mode and back-up mode with manual operation for emergency use.

The gun can be aimed and fired by the gunner or the commander. The gunner's station is equipped with a periscopic x 8 magnification day sight and x 5.3 magnification night sight supplied by El-Op. The sight is stabilized in two axes. The eye-safe Nd:YAG laser rangefinder operates over a range typically 200 to 9995 meters with an accuracy of +/- 5 meters.

PROPULSION
The Sabra engine is the air-cooled AVDS-1790-5A four stroke diesel engine by General Dynamics, developing 908 horsepower at 2,400 rpm, which represents a gross power to combat weight ratio of 16.5 horsepower per ton.

The running gear has been upgraded for cross country mobility and features six road wheels per side, trailing arm suspension, torsion bar springs, piston dampers, three per side piston bumpers and single pin steel tracks.

The Sabra provides a maximum road speed of 48 km per hour and accelerates from zero to 32 km/hour in 9.6 seconds. The range on hard level ground is 450km. The tank can negotiate slopes of gradient 60%, side slopes 30%, 2.60m trenches, and 0.91m obstacle height. The fording depth without preparation is 1.40m and with preparation 2.40m

Sabra Mk. 1 Specifications
Weight (Combat loaded): 55 tons
Dimensions:
- Overall length, gun forward: 9.40 m
- Overall length, without gun: 8.26 m
- Overall width, without skirts: 3.63 m
- Overall height: 3.05 m
- Ground clearance: 0.45 m
- Track width: 0.61m

Crew: 4 (driver, commander, gunner, loader)

Armament:
Main gun: 120mm smooth bore gun
Ammunition storage:
10 rounds (Ready to fire, stored in rotary magazine).
42 rounds (Stored in individual spall-proof and fire proof containers).

Main gun elevation: +20°
Main gun depression: -9°

Machine-guns: 3 X 7.62mm (and/or 5.56mm, 1 is coaxial mounted)

Mortar, internal: 60 mm
Mortar range: 2,700m (avgerage w/conventional, unguided mortars. Rocket-assisted mortars would have a significantly longer range).

Targeting/Fire Control System:
Advanced Fire Control System
2 axis stabilized line of sight, auto-tracker, day/night vision
Anti-Helicopter capability (with LAHAT)

Commander's sight: panoramic, day plus optical relay to gunner’s sight (via TV display)
Day channel magnification: X 4.8 and X 12
TV display monitor of gunner’s sight
Gunner's sight: 2 axis stabilized periscopic day and night
Day sight magnification: X 8
Thermal & TV channel display monitor: X 5.3
Automatic Tracker for Commander and Gunner
Laser rangefinder: ND:YAG eye-safe


Gun & Turret Control System
Gun and turret drive: (hybrid system)
- Gun elevation drive: hydraulic
- Turret traverse drive: electric

Gun Control
- Max. Velocity elevation: 15° /sec
- Max. Velocity traverse: 34° /sec

Protections/Features:
Modular Special Armor
NBC protection and air-condition system
- Hybrid functioning (over-pressured & personal mask operation)
- Cool-air supply to mask and overalls
Air Conditioning
Automatic Fire Suppression System
Electro-Magnetic Warning System
Hybrid Turret Control System
Instantaneous Smoke Grenade Launchers (2 launchers, 12 grenades)

Engine and Movement:
Fully Automatic Transmission
Advanced Mechanical Suspension

- Engine
Model: Teledyne Continental AVDS 1790-5A
Manufacturer: Teledyne Continental
Type: diesel, 4 stroke, air cooled
Configuration: 90° V 12
Bore and stroke: 146 mm x 146 mm
Supercharging system: two turbocharges
Maximum gross output: 908 hp at 2,400 rpm
Power: 1500 HP

- Transmission
Type: hydrokinetic, fully automatic
Gears: 4 fwd, 3 rev

- Suspension
Type: independent, trailing arm
Road wheels: six per side
Springs: high strength torsion bars
Dampers: piston type, 3 per side
Bumpers: heavy duty, short stroke piston bumpers, three per side
Road wheel travel: >220 mm jounce
Track: steel, single dry pin

- Performance
Gross power at combat weight: 16.5 hp per ton
Maximum road speed: 48 km/hour
Acceleration 0 to 32 km/h 9.6 seconds
Maximum gradient: 60 %
Maximum side slope: 30 %
Maximum trench: 2.60 metres
Maximum vertical obstacle: 0.91 metres
Fording depth without preparation: 1.40 metres
Fording depth with preparation: 2.40 metres

Max. road speed: over 48 km/hour
Max. cross-country speed: 45 km/hr
Range on hard level ground: 450 km

Identification Materials
Operating in combat ‘seeking’ modes (http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/israel/images/sabra-1.jpg)
3/4 view as the Sabra moves onward (http://www.army-technology.com/projects/sabra/images/sabra2.jpg)
Turret profile view (http://www.army-technology.com/projects/sabra/images/sabra4.jpg)

Unit Replacement Cost: $2.8 Million
Unit upgrade cost (from M60A1, A2 units): $1.8 Million
Unit upgrade cost (from M60A3 units): $1.4 Million



---------------
---------------

LAHAT Missile Capabilities
The Laser Homing Anti-Tank (LAHAT) weapon system is a barrel-launched, precision-strike, non-line-of-site weapon system capable of being fired from 105mm and 120mm mounted vehicle platforms, guided unmanned aircraft, and the 105mm howitzer. LAHAT has demonstrated its survivability, extended stand-off range, lethality, pin-point accuracy, and precision kill capabilities in recent development testing.

LAser Homing Anti-Tank (LAHAT) (http://www.army-technology.com/contractor_images/israel_aircraft/Lahat_1.jpg) gun launched weapon system anti-armor and anti-helicopter system. Fired from a 105mm or 120mm gun the weapon performs precision homing on a laser-designated target, ensuring highly effective first shot kill at extended ranges.

Merkava Mk.3 firing a LAHAT 120mm missile from a hull-down position. (http://www.fprado.com/armorsite/Merkava-Pics/MerkavaMk3-firing-lahat120.jpg)

A series of live firing tests of the LAHAT - Laser Guided anti-tank missile developed by GIAI/MBT (Greater Israel Aircraft Industries-MBT Division) included the firing of 120mm missiles, adapted for smooth bore guns used on Merkava Mk3, Merkava Mk4, Leopard 2A5/6 and M1A1/A2 Abrams tanks. The missile is also designed for employment from launch tubes, where it could be deployed from fixed positions, light vehicles or APC's. The missile’s trajectory can be set to match either tank (top attack) or helicopter (direct attack) engagement. Finally, the missile uses a tandem warhead that can defeat modern armor and reactive panels. The main warhead has a high penetration capability, defeating all known armored vehicles at high impact angles typical of top attack trajectories.

LAHAT was designed by GIAI subsidiary MBT to meet the requirements of the armored corps. Utilizing the semi-active laser homing guidance method, LAHAT can be designated by the firing tank or by an indirect designation, by another tank, helicopter or forward observers. Firing the LAHAT requires minimal exposure in the firing position, (commander’s sight only) as the designating tank (not necessarily the firing tank) has to maintain line of sight to the target throughout the flight of the missile. Ground crews with proper laser designators might also be able to stand in here, giving new capabilities for fire-support operations within a battlefield environment. With a low launch signature, the firing position is very difficult to detect, from all ranges. The missile’s trajectory can be set to match either tank (top attack) or helicopter (direct attack) engagement. Finally, the missile uses a tandem warhead, which can defeat modern armor and reactive panels. The main warhead has a high penetration capability, defeating all known armored vehicles at high impact angles typical of top attack trajectories. The introduction of LAHAT to conventional tanks requires minimal modifications, including the introduction of a laser designator in the gun sight, and inclusion of LAHAT programming in the fire control computer. The LAHAT is stowed like other rounds in the ammunition rack, and handled just like any other type of ammunition.

LAHAT is designed to match all types of 105 and 120mm guns, including low recoil guns, including those arming light attack vehicles such as Centauro, AMX-10RC or LAV-III. Unlike other tank rounds, LAHAT does not need a tank gun for operation, in fact, LAHAT modifications are already considered with 106mm recoilless rifles, BMP-2 APCs, Hummer all terrain utility vehicles and as self protection for air defense elements, on the M-163 Vulcans.

Tests of an armed version of the GIAI/TRW Hunter UAV system, equipped with the IAI/MBT Lahat laser guided missile, have been successful and the LAHAT has been approved for use with UAVs. Providing a test and integration platform for WA military UAV activities, the Hunter is also being evaluated with the MOSP sensor payloads that provide higher resolution and allow the air vehicle to fly higher, day or night, and at a greater standoff distance. Provided by GIAI’s Tamam subsidiary, the new sensors include a third-generation forward-looking infrared (FLIR) sensor and a spotter for the Hunter’s day camera.

The LAHAT boasts longer ranges than previous gun-launched missiles, over twice the range of comparable US and ex-Soviet systems, and the Laser Designation system provides an increased capability and fidelity that the other systems have never been able to provide for tank crews. While only a handful of LAHATs might be carried in any tank (in part due to the costs), their ability to strike at enemy tanks and helicopters beyond conventional ranges prove the value of the systems. Even while the LAHAT costs some six times a conventional tank round, the capabilities are sure to make up for the difference in pricing.

The LAHAT is approved for use in all current Merkava and Sabra tank models as well as for most Western tank models.

LAHAT Specifications
Projectile
Type: Semi-Active Laser (SAL) Precision Munition

Warhead
Type: 105mm/120mm Tandem. Delay Function for Non-Armor Targets
Weight: 29.76 Pounds (13.5 kg)
Length: 38.7 Inches (984mm)

Performance
Maximum Range: 5+ miles (8+ km)
Unit Replacement Cost: $18,000-20,000/unit (dependant upon size of order)

OOC: The LAHAT will be moved to another thread and a link will be provided at mentions in this section when the other posts have been made.

--- Western Asian Arms Manufacturing Association (WAAMA) Catalogue: Armored Personnel Carriers (APCs) and Light Armored Vehicles (LAVs)----
>>>>Complete Listing of APCs and LAVs<<<<

begun 11/2/2003
a.o. 11/15/2003
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

APCs
Achzarit Heavy APC (Mk. 1, 2, and 3)
Zelda II (M113A3) and III (M133A3+/4 MTVL)
Wildcat (LAV-25/300/600)

Armored Cars
AIL M462 Rhino
AIL M624 Abir (Mine Protected)
AIL M240 Storm (Armored)
Armored Security Vehicle (ASV) Textron Marine & Land Systems
M1114 HMMWV (Up-Armored)
Puma Armoured Fighting Vehicles (4x4 and 6x6)

IFVs
SuperGavin (Turreted Zelda II/III IFV)
Wildcat (LAV-25/300/600)
M8 Buford AGS
M8A2 Buford AGS
Achzarit Mk. 3AV and 3M

Amphibious Assault / APCs
AAAV and AAVP7A2

MEDEVAC Units
M113A4 Armored Medical Evacuation Vehicle (AMEV)
M2A0 Armored Medical Evacuation Vehicle (AMEV)
Armored Medical Treatment Vehicle (AMTV)


-----------------------------------------------------------------------

Achzarit Family of Heavy APCs

The Achzarit (Hebrew for "cruelty" (female), or "cruel woman" ) is an original Greater Israeli Heavy APC. The Achzarit (Mk. 1) is actually a T-54 or T-55 MBT, which the IDF had captured by the hundred in the 1967 and 1973 wars. The turret was removed, and accommodation for troops was added. The Achzarit is probably one of the world's best armored APC's. The vehicle is constructed from IDF "combat proven" modular armor technology. The redesigned upper hull has rear personnel access and many other improvements. By the way, the Russian Army adopted the Achzarit model - and has converted T-55 and T-54 tanks to the BTR-T APC.

The Achzarit infantry armored vehicle was developed to meet the specific operational requirements of the Israel Defense Force for a well-protected vehicle capable of operating with the well-armored Merkava. Following extensive trials with Centurion and Merkava based prototype vehicles, the Achzarit infantry armored vehicle was accepted for service with the Israel Defence Force and entered production in 1988.

The chassis of the Achzarit is based on heavily modified Russian T-54/T-55 MBT chassis which have been rebuilt in significant numbers by the Israel Defense Force for some years. The chassis has been stripped down and completely rebuilt, with the crew and infantry compartment at the front and the new power pack at the rear. An additional layer of Israeli-developed passive armor is mounted on the chassis, which makes the vehicle the best protected infantry vehicle of its type in the world.

The Achzarit intended for Combined Arms operations alongside MBTs, including the Merkava, but it can also be employed in the execution of special operations in the battlefield environment. About 400 to 500 tanks of the T -54/55 series were converted in the Mk. 1 and many continue to serve in the IDF today. With regular upgrades and modifications, these units remain equivalent or superior to more modern systems in the execution of their duties.

A total of 10 men are carried, with the driver being seated at the front left with the vehicle commander and 7.62 mm machine gunner to his right. The driver is provided with four day periscopes with an additional six being provided in the rear troop compartment, two on the left side and four on the right.

The machine gunner operates the RAFAEL Overhead Weapon Station (OWS), which is armed with a 7.62 mm M240 machine gun (the Mk. 3 has the option of employing heavier guns, even as much as 25mm cannons). This weapon can be aimed and fired from within the vehicle in complete safety. Both day and night sights are provided (the Mk. 3 includes thermal sights as well). There are an additional three 7.62mm pintle-mounted machine guns, one on the commander's hatch and two over the rear troop compartment. Mounted at either side of the front of the hull is a bank of six IMI CL-3030 instantaneous self-screening systems for combat vehicles, which were originally installed on Western Asian MBTs. These can launch various types of grenade over the frontal arc of the vehicle.

The seven infantrymen are seated to the rear, three on a bench seat on the left side of the compartment, three on individual folding seats on the right and one in the center of the rear part of the compartment. The driver, commander and machine gunner are each provided with a hatch, with that of the commander capable of being half raised for observation purposes. An additional two hatches are provided to the rear, one over the center of the crew compartment and the other to its left rear. The infantry can enter and leave the Achzarit via the hatches in the roof or via the hydraulically operated clamshell door located in the rear of the vehicle on the right side. The lower part folds down to form a ramp while the upper part opens upwards. This innovative system allows soldiers to be protected from enemy fire while exiting the vehicle and also creates a full-sized doorway that soldiers can exit standing upright, ready to engage enemy forces.

The original Russian engine and transmission have been removed and a NIMDA-designed power pack has been installed at the vehicle's rear. This unusual power pack is extremely compact and has allowed the installation of the passageway at the rear of the vehicle on the right side, which allows the infantry to dismount through the rear clamshell door. This has been achieved without modifying the hull.

The power pack of the Achzarit Mk 1 consists of the transversely mounted Detroit Diesel 8V-71 TTA water-cooled, two-stroke V-8 diesel developing 650hp coupled to an Allison XTG-411-4 hydrokinetic automatic transmission. The Achzarit Mk 2 power pack consists of a Detroit Diesel 8V-92 TA diesel developing 850hp coupled to an Allison XTG-411-5 automatic transmission. The Achzarit Mk. 3 bears the same power pack as the Merkava Mk. 3 MBT, namely, an AVDS-1790-9AR diesel supplied by Teledyne Continental Motors. The air-cooled diesel provides 1,200hp, compared to the 900hp engine installed in the Merkava Mk 1 and Mk 2 and the much lower-powered engines on the Achzarit Mk 1 and Mk 2. This high-powered engine simplifies maintenance by increasing parts interoperability across platforms and allows the heavy Achzarit to easily keep pace with the tanks that it is meant to support. The Achzarit’s transmission system was developed by the Ashot Ashkelon Industries Limited subsidiary of Israel Military Industries for the Merkava Mk 3. The unit carries 1,400 liters of fuel.

These engines can draw in air from either the crew compartment or the engine compartment through a pre-cleaner (has a blower to eject the dust and a paper filter to catch contaminants).

While the five roadwheels, drive sprocket, and idler of the T-54/T-55 MBT have been retained (in the Mk. 1 and 2, the Mk. 3 bears the Merkava’s systems), the wheels are now sprung by new torsion bars which allow a greater wheel travel, with the first and last wheel stations being fitted with an hydraulic bump stop produced by Israel Aircraft Industries. This suspension upgrade provides the vehicle with better cross-country mobility and allows it to operate effectively alongside MBTs.

The vehicle has a combat loaded weight of 44 tons compared to the 36 tons of a T-54/T-55 MBT. While the T-55 turret has been removed from the Achzarit, most of the difference in weight between the present Achzarit 44 tons and the 27 tons of the T-55 hull is accounted for by the additional armor protection. This enhanced protection provides an improved battlefield survivability, unequalled by other APCs.

Standard equipment for the Achzarit includes a fire detection and suppression system, individual NBC system and the vehicle can also lay a smoke screen by injecting diesel fuel into its exhaust outlet on the left side of the hull, which quickly obscures the vehicle and its surroundings.

There is also a command post variant that lacks the roof-mounted machine guns and is fitted with additional communications equipment for the execution its specialized duties. An engineering/tank recovery vehicle based on the Merkava Mk. 3 is also in existence, although its development was not related to the Achzarit Mk. 3 unit.

The Achzarit is the most protected means of transport for infantry insertion into battles. In contrast to IFVs, it does not have a manned cupola with 20 or 30- mm by gun (except for in the Mk. 3AV), but it possesses low silhouette and high level of the armor protection of housing. In comparison to APCs, it is a bit heavier than most, but the high survivability and special features makes it very much "worth its weight."

The third version of the Achzarit, the Mark 3, was developed when the previously abundant supply of T-55 tanks began to be exhausted and just as the first Merkava Mk. 2 and 3 tanks were being retired from Western Asia’s armed forces. While other tank-to-APC conversions received their own names (such as the case with the M48 and Centurion conversions), the Achzarit Mk. 3 retained the name for simplicity and as a reflection of the fact that the earlier Achzarit models were slated for retirement from front-line positions. The Merkava tank chassis was already proven at the time and it has been used with great success in other purposes. The chassis already has the rear door and is heavily armored (even on the underside, where most APCs lack the vital armoring to protect against mine blasts). These and other features made the Merkava chassis an ideal platform for the latest incarnation of the Achzarit. The Mk. 3 weighs slightly more than the previous versions but also boasts a greater top speed, more maintainability with readily-available replacement parts, a greater capacity (9 transported soldiers instead of 7), and better forward and side armoring. The good maintainability of the Merkava series has also helped vs. the sometimes-difficult Mk. 1 and 2 versions.

The heavier chassis of the Mk. 3 also allows for the inclusion of medium weight weapons systems, such as .50 cal (OWS 12.7) or 25mm (OWS 25R) guns, that make the Achzarit not only better armored than any other APC, but better armed as well. The version of the Mk. 3 bearing the larger weapons mount is known as the "Achzarit Mk. 3AV" (For Assault Variant) and combines the better features of the Bradley IFV/CFV (in terms of firepower) with the heavy armor of the Achzarit line. The OWS 25 (Overhead Weapons Station for 25mm cannon) bears a 25mm cannon and a coaxial 7.62mm gun with a pair of optional 1x3-smoke grenade launchers (6 total) and the OWS 25R adds to that a pair of ATGMs.

Another weapons system that can be employed is the AMOS 120mm mortar system, which is being tested in a system known as the "Mk. 3M" (For Mortar). The Mk 3M was adopted with the realization that a high-capacity, high-rate of fire heavy mortar system was not only useful, but almost necessary on the modern battlefield. The breech-loaded AMOS system boasts great advancements over previous APC-borne mortar systems and can be integrated onto almost any light vehicle platform. The advanced features of the AMOS make it the ideal infantry-support indirect fire weapon. The ability to rapidly lay down suppression fire over such a large area and to cooperate with the latest "shoot and scoot" doctrines and practices make the AMOS an ideal system for the modern combined arms force. The Mk 3M incorporates the AMOS and takes advantage of the extra room within the unit to facilitate the carry and use of a tremendous number of 120mm mortar rounds, which allow extended fire support at the expense of some or all of the Mk. 3M’s infantry capacity. A wonderful fire-support unit.

Achzarit Specifications
Weight (Combat loaded): 44 tons (46 for Mk. 3)
Dimensions:
- Overall length: 7.50 m (8.00m for Mk. 3)
- Overall width: 3.64m (3.72m for Mk. 3)
- Height: 2.0m (Not including larger OWS-mounted guns, which are 1.0m tall)

Crew: 3 (driver, commander, and gunner. A 4th crew member, a loader/assistant, is assigned to the Achzarit Mk 3M for normal/dedicated missions)
Passenger Capacity: 7 fully armed soldiers (9 in the Mk. 3, 6 to none for the Mk. 3M)

Frontal Armoring:
[i]Mk. 1 + 2: Greater than 50cm. Proven to survive repeated 125mm KE hits.
99% likely it will survive an RPG-7 hit.
Will survive a RPG-7VL at 60cm.
Mk. 3: Full Merkava body armoring.

Mounted Armament:
Achzarit Mk. 1, 2, and 3
Main gun: 7.62mm machine gun (on RAFAEL OWS)
Ammunition storage: 4000 for the main 7.62mm gun

Other weapons: 3 X 7.62mm machineguns (Pintle-mounted)

Achzarit Mk. 3AV
- OWS 12.7 -
Main gun: .50 cal / 12.7mm gun
Coax: 7.62mm machine gun mounted coaxial to main gun
Smoke: 2 X 3 smoke grenade launchers

Ammunition storage:
-- Main 12.7mm gun: 260 rounds ready for use (mix based on mission demands)
-- Main 7.62mm gun: 600 rounds ready for use

Other weapons: 3 X 7.62mm machineguns (Pintle-mounted)

- OWS 25 -
Main gun: 25mm cannon (on RAFAEL OWS 25 or 25R)
Coax: 7.62mm machine gun mounted coaxial to main gun
Smoke: 2 X 3 smoke grenade launchers (Optional)
Ammunition storage:
-- Main 25mm gun: 140 HE rounds ready for use, 60 AP rounds ready for use
-- Main 7.62mm gun: 250 rounds ready for use

Other weapons: 3 X 7.62mm machineguns (Pintle-mounted)

-OWS 25R-
Main gun: 25mm cannon (on RAFAEL OWS 25 or 25R)
Coax: 7.62mm machine gun mounted coaxial to main gun
Anti-Tank Missile: Launcher with two Malyutka missiles or RAFAEL SPIKE missiles (other types optional)
Smoke: 2 X 3 smoke grenade launchers (Optional)
Ammunition storage:
-- Main 25mm gun: 140 HE rounds ready for use, 60 AP rounds ready for use
-- Main 7.62mm gun: 250 rounds ready for use

Other weapons: 3 X 7.62mm machineguns (Pintle-mounted)

Achzarit Mk. 3M
Main gun: 120mm Advanced MOrtar System (AMOS) turret
Smoke: 2 X 3 smoke grenade launchers

Other weapons: 2 X 7.62mm machineguns (Pintle-mounted on top of AMOS turret)

Ammunition storage:
-- Main 120mm mortars:
[light mission, with 6 passengers]: 30 rds (18 rds M933/934 High Explosive (HE), 4 rds M971 Cargo/DPICM, 4 rds smart guided ammunition, 2 rds XM930 120mm Illuminating, 2 rd XM983 120mm Infrared (IR) Illuminating)

[normal/dedicated mission, with no (0) passengers]: 108 rds (80 rds M933/934 High Explosive (HE), 12 M971 Cargo/DPICM, 8 rds smart guided, 4 rds XM983 120mm Infrared (IR) Illuminating, 4 rds XM930 120mm Illuminating)

Crew/Stowed Armament (average deployment loads, NOT included in sale)
3- AT-4 or SHIPON anti-tank systems (for dismounts)
4- M72 LAW systems (for dismounts)
2- Javelin or Spike or Gil ATGM units (for dismounts)

3- CTAR-21 or MTAR-21 Tavors (crew personal weapons)
3- Sig 226 9mm guns (crew personal weapons)

Sights
Commander's sight: panoramic, independent
Day channel magnification: X 4.8 and X 12
Gunner's sights: 2 axis stabilized
Day channel magnification: (dependant upon model)

Gun Control System
System drive power: all electric, manual back-up systems

Protections/Features:
Modular Special Armor
NBC protection and air-condition system
- Hybrid functioning (over-pressured & personal mask operation)
Air Conditioning,
Automatic Fire Suppression System,
Electro-Magnetic Warning System,
Instantaneous Smoke Grenade Launchers (on some systems)????
All-Electric Turret Control System,
Rear access door.

Engine and Movement:
Fully Automatic Transmission
Advanced Mechanical Suspension

- Engine
Type: 4-stroke diesel, air cooled
Power:
Mk 1: 650 hp
Mk 2: 850 hp
Mk. 3: 1200 hp

- Transmission
Type: hydrokinetic, fully automatic
Gears: 4 fwd, 3 rev

- Performance
Range on hard level road: 500 km
Max. Road speed:
Mk. 1: 48 km/hr
Mk. 2: 55 km/hr
Mk. 3: > 65 km/hr
Max. Cross-country speed:
Mk. 1: 38 km/hr
Mk. 2: 40 km/hr
Mk. 3: 55 km/hr

Visual Identification Materials:
Mk. 1 + 2:
A demonstration of the Achzarit’s rough-terrain abilities (pt. I) (http://www.israeli-weapons.com/weapons/vehicles/armored_personnel_carriers/achzarit/achzarit.jpg)
(Pt. II) (http://www.israeli-weapons.com/weapons/vehicles/armored_personnel_carriers/achzarit/achzarit1.jpg)
A detail of the rear of the unit, with clamshell door opened (http://www.israeli-weapons.com/weapons/vehicles/armored_personnel_carriers/achzarit/achzarit2.jpg)
A profile view (http://www.israeli-weapons.com/weapons/vehicles/armored_personnel_carriers/achzarit/achzarit4.jpg)
An elevated 3/4 view (http://www.israeli-weapons.com/weapons/vehicles/armored_personnel_carriers/achzarit/achzarit6.jpg)
an old model (http://www.israeli-weapons.com/weapons/vehicles/armored_personnel_carriers/achzarit/achzaritb.jpg)
Several Achzarits demonstrating their urban operations capabilities (http://www.israeli-weapons.com/weapons/vehicles/armored_personnel_carriers/achzarit/achzarit_4u.jpg)
An Achzarit demonstrating its urban operations capability (http://www.idf.il/idf_in_pictures/images/2002/april/haf6_eng.jpg)

Units available
Mk. 1: 530 units
Mk. 2: 335 units
Mk. 3: In production, no sale limits.

Unit Replacement Cost:
Mk. 1+ 2: $1.8 Million
Mk. 3: $2.3 Million
Mk. 3AV (w/Larger OWS 12.7 and .50 cal/12.7mm machine gun): $2.4M
Mk. 3AV (w/Larger OWS and M242 Bushmaster 25mm chain gun): $2.5M
Mk. 3M (w/120mm AMOS): $3.0M

Note: Conversions from customers’ T-54/55 tanks into the Mk. 2 standard can be completed at request and costs $1.2 Million to complete in 3 months/unit (15 units at a time). Conversion to more advanced models or custom orders are welcome but specific costs are subject to negotiation.

--- Western Asian Arms Manufacturing Association (WAAMA) Catalogue: Aircraft and Assault Carriers
>>>>Complete Listing of ACCs and ACs<<<<

a.o. 12/31/2003
Updated: 1/2/03
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Trimaran Conventional Aircraft Carriers
‘Standard’-type (Jonathan Netanyahu-Class) Trimaran Aircraft Carrier
‘Light’-type (Ehud Barak-Class) Trimaran Aircraft Carrier
‘Superlight’-type (Archer-class) Trimaran Aircraft Carrier

Special Mission/Purpose Carriers
‘Modified Light’-type (Perdition Class) Trimaran Special VTOL Carrier
Special Operations Command Ship, Type II (SOCSt2) (Sierra Hotel-Class)

Amphibious Assault/Helicopter Carriers
SBSV (Shore Bombardment Support Vessel) Trimaran Amphibious Assault Carrier

------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------

Trimaran Conventional Aircraft Carriers

GINY Aircraft Carriers follow the theory that it is better to buy several smaller, faster, and capable carriers over a single large AC carrier with limited range and intervention capabilities. These aircraft carriers use the Trimaran hull form that has made GINY a famous warship producer. These hull forms allow for greater speeds and survivability in warships. The special abilities and equipment for the currently existing classes of GINY Trimaran AC Carriers follow, with specific ship details at the end of this section.

-- Each of these vessels have the following: --
Has 3 elevators* (2 for the light model) and a stealthy, low-slung design. These carriers use virtual and telepresence technology to eliminate the large "island" on the deck of the carrier, which is replaced by a squat, radar deflecting station about 2 stories tall as with the other designs, and to allow for better command and control of crew. Raised (with portions retractable) "radar shields" will prevent the activity on the ship's deck from reflecting radar signals towards receiver stations.**

Standard configuration has 1 ramped launch lane (See note below about placement and inclusion options. For STOVL (Harriers and JSFs) and high-lift aircraft(STOL/ESTOL) such as X-47 Pegasus UCAVs) and 2 "standard" launch lanes (for other planes and non-combat planes). The catapults use the EMALS (Electromagnetic Aircraft Launch System), which cuts down on the 'down time' between aircraft launches (to ~45seconds) and also have many other benefits.

Armaments:
*note: just a list of weapons included, numbers are listed with specific ship class specs*
Mixed-use Offensive/Defensive Systems: Ship-based MTHEL II system (WA advanced version, extended range, improved ID and tracking ability (based on Counter-battery radar, to assist in return fire from the fleet), and improved operating system)
Sea Sparrow integrated missile pods (48(32)missiles)
MDG-351 35mm "Millennium Gun" stations (advanced CIWS, mounted atop and within sections of the LASRB)
Mk.32 Integrated Triple-mount SVTT (surface vessel torpedo tubes, 3 tubes/unit)
Barak II Point Defense Missile Arrays (a mini-VLS S2A anti-missile system, 32 missiles)

Defensive Systems: Large Area Surface Radar Baffling (LASRB, the "Radar Shield," actually a part of the ship shell, which extends down to the water at an angle that is intended to deflect signals either up into the sky or down into the water.)
Large-spread EW/ECM station (Antennae placed at ends to provide fleet/task force-wide EW/ECM coverage. Based on the AN/SLQ-32 Electronic Warfare (EW) system)
PCMS (Passive Counter Measures System. Uses Radar Absorbent Materials (RAM) and other specialized materials to minimize the radar signature of exposed superstructure and weapons systems.)
Degaussing (MCM) systems
MK-53 Nulka Decoy Launching System (DLS)
Machine Noise Reducing Measures (Torpedo Counter Measures)
Prairie/Masker II Noise Masking System
Dragged Torpedo Decoys
Wide-Area Navalized "Shortstop" Electronic Protection System (WANSEPS) (a proximity fuse electronic countermeasure system that prematurely detonates artillery shells and other fuses at a safe distance from the target)
9in SeaPlate Composite (Cobham-style) Ship Armoring, Sandwiched by 2 layers of 1.25in of Rolled Homogenous armor
--------------------------------------
Notes:
*- The elevators are not the 'normal' aircraft elevators. To avoid problems with the radar baffling ("radar shields"), the elevators are large rectangular lift structures placed centrally towards the rear of the ship and they're adjacent so that a large number of aircraft can be rapidly lifted at once and then rapidly deployed.

**-Sea Sparrow and other missile pods are integrated (hidden) in motile panels of the "radar shield," so when a missile is required to fire, the panel is simply dropped out of the way and the missile(s) are fired towards the targets, torpedo tubes are also included in the baffles. Also included in these panels are and Active Phased Array/Multi-Function Radar (APAR/MFR) hidden in panels and countermeasures equipment. Optional replacements for the Sea Sparrow pods or systems for the empty slots include Harpoon, RAM, and other such systems…special installations of Soviet-type weaponry can be made so long as the launchers are supplied to GINY for integration and installation.
--------------------------------------

The ‘Standard’ carrier has a TOTAL crew (Ship’s Crew plus Airwing and Aircrew) of approx. 3,500 and the Light has a crew of about 3,100. This vastly reduced crew (in comparison to other ships) has been made possible by the extensive use of automated systems. These automated systems include facilities for moving munitions and vital equipment, usually used to allow small management crews move large loads. Also included in automation are several of the engine components. To enhance the ship’s ability to operate in damaged conditions (Fight Hurt), these systems can also be manually operated in most cases.

The high cruise speed is over 38 knots (42+kts top speed) for both ships (they use high-power nuclear reactors for their electric-powered waterjet and screw engines) and the average cruising speed is about 35 knots. The ships are about average length for their class but the ship is wide enough to place the three, wide launch lanes across the breadth of the forward deck (one bearing a 'ski-jump' ramp for special aircraft launches). For the ‘Superlight’ there are only two launch lanes. Also, the ship has a visible height of about 1/2-2/3 that of the Nimitz-class, which helps avoid visual detection when sneaking up on enemy shores (and reduces RCS-reduction costs).

Special Features:
Integrated Information System
Supports the transfer and integration of voice, video and data information between audio, video and computer systems. Key features will include common and standard operating systems, network functions, communication protocols, interfaces and message structure.

Fiber-Optic Backbone
Single, integrated, commercial and military standard compliant physical grid supporting communications between systems/equipment via fiber-optic cables and electric-to-optic conversion devices. Key feature is providing end-to-end connections using ruggedized commercial off-the-shelf components. The ship-wide fiber-optic data relay system is resistant to EMP attacks and the fiber-optic cables themselves will not carry or receive EMI-causing signals.

Zonal Electric Distribution System
Open system architecture DC electrical distribution with standard interfaces between components. Power conversion and conditioning are performed locally from a single ship-wide DC electrical power bus to provide each end user the type/quality of power required. DC power allows for solid state control, which achieves power continuity in case of a fault and provides for near-instantaneous recovery from power interruptions. In addition to the survivability benefits inherent in uninterrupted power, this system is anticipated to be easier to install, require less physical cabling and provide greater flexibility for ship upgrades than current electrical systems. Isolates the potential for problems and minimizes any effect on the rest of the ship.

Multifunctional Embedded Antennas
Reconfigurable, multiple apertures electronically combined to provide an antenna tunable across wide frequency bandwidth and sensitivity parameters. The apertures are embedded in composite materials integral to the ship structure and may include combined or separate transmit and receive modules. Reduction of the number of antenna systems for communications and radars provides potential to improve performance by avoiding antenna blockages, reducing the structure required to support antenna placement, life-cycle costs and maintenance manpower requirements.

Modified Island Structures
The island’s configuration, function and materials are designed to satisfy aircraft support functions while minimizing its impact on ship control and flight deck operations. Benefits are reduced air disturbances caused on the flight deck by the island, more efficient flight deck arrangements, and reduced radar and infrared signature characteristics. This configuration improves flight deck access and reduces electronic self-interference.

Alternative Energy Catapults
Electromagnetic Catapults: A launch-assist mechanism, which will propel the aircraft to takeoff velocity using a traveling electromagnetic wave produced by a linear motor. When compared to current steam driven catapults, the EMALS (Electro-Magnetic Air Launch System) will provide the following benefits: Independence from the ship’s propulsion plant;
A 50-percent reduction in system weight;
A 65-percent reduction in system volume;
An increase in energy capacity with a highly controllable acceleration and deceleration profile;
An increase in reliability and availability;
A 30-percent decrease in manpower required. This technology is similar to that used to propel high-speed "bullet" trains in some countries. By the use of this more efficient, more controllable system, maintenance costs for the airframes of carrier-launched aircraft can be reduced as the EMALS system can adjust independently and automatically for the launch of each aircraft (So that a JSF will receive the push that it needs, not the push that an F/A-18 needs). This reduced wear on aircraft also reduces costs and manpower requirements while size and mass benefits release valuable space for other uses or to save overall ship mass and volume. The EMALS tracks can be extended into the "ski jump" ramps for even greater control of aircraft launch power, this is done standard when the ramps are included.

Ski Jumps
An upward-sloped ramp at the forward end of a section of the flight deck provides aircraft with a more optimum flyaway angle. This translates into benefits such as reduced takeoff velocity, increased payload capacity and reduced wind-over-deck requirements. (Note: Ramps are optional, will be removed upon request. When included, the one ski-jump is off-set to the right of the deck to allow larger planes to be launched/landed in the double-lane to the left. The entire launch area can be filled with ramps if the buyer so chooses.) On the ‘superlight’ Archer-class carriers, there are two lanes, which have ‘ski-jump’ type-ramps.

Passive Jet Blast Deflector
Redesigns and new materials mean reduced maintenance costs and time. The system affords increased safety for deck crews.

Automated Weapon Selection and Movement
Integrated family of procedures, magazine design, weapons elevators, passageway layout, information management systems, decision aids and reduced manpower ordnance-handling equipment to increase weapons’ throughput, increase sortie generation rates and minimize risks associated with ordnance handling and stowage. Material movement devices, semi-autonomous, gravity compensated weapons handling devices, damage control automation systems and components help reduce the ship's crew and costs.

Computerized and Automated Aircraft Diagnostics and Repair
Semi-automated refueling and servicing in a new configuration and deck location (versus other and older aircraft carriers) provides faster, more efficient airwing pit stops and requires fewer people. This helps reduce the maintenance time and allows for an increased sortie rate. Computerized scanners search for structural weakness in parts, allowing aircrews to replace only the damaged portions when necessary, cutting costextnd reducing inventory demands.

Improved Hanger Bay Organization
The designs reduces the clutter observed in other vessels while also providing the facilities necessary for the storage, retrieval, and deployment of aircraft of all sorts. Special storage spaces for compact UCAV and UAV storage along with heavy cranes and robotic arms provide protected, compact, and secure storage of unmanned aircraft systems in otherwise-unused non-hangar spaces.

Reconfigurable Living Spaces
Life-of-the-ship modular construction designs provide flexibility and reduce cost.

Expanded Bandwidth
More onboard and off-board capability gives the ship a communications edge. Both in combat and while on peaceful deployments.

Advanced Systems for Flight Operations Management
Family of information management and decision aids to facilitate mission planning, aircraft control, aircraft/pilot information upload and download, aircraft turnaround and aircraft launch and recovery. May include a family of high performance, integrated aviation work centers along with several pit stop-type aircraft servicing stations strategically positioned about the ship. Benefits include: Improved aviation safety;
Significant manning reduction;
Increased sortie generation rate;
Flight deck optimization;
Reduced aircraft support equipment;
More efficient maintenance and built-in servicing and support flexibility for follow-on generations of aircraft.
--------------------------------------

Specific Ship Class Specifications

'Standard'-type (Jonathan Netanyahu-Class) Trimaran Aircraft Carrier:
Crew: 3,500
Aircraft Elevators: 3
Cargo Elevators: 8, 12 by 25 feet (set at 4 locations)
Launch Lanes: 3, parallel, adjacent

Standard Aircraft Capacity:
50- Fixed-wing Aircraft
15- Rotary-wing Aircraft (medium size)^
25- UCAVs (Full-sized, approaching size of manned aircraft. Units are stowed until use, not all expected to return from all missions)
12- UAVs/UARs (Small craft, stored in compact boxes. For spotting and scouting, not all expected to return from all missions.)

Armaments:
-Mixed-use Offensive/Defensive Systems- 1- Ship-based MTHEL II system (WA advanced version, extended range, improved ID and tracking ability (based on Counter-battery radar, to assist in return fire from the fleet), and improved operating system)
6- Sea Sparrow integrated missile pods (48 missiles)
6- MDG-351 35mm "Millennium Gun" stations (advanced CIWS, mounted atop and within sections of the LASRB)
4- Mk.32 Integrated Triple-mount SVTT (surface vessel torpedo tubes, total of 12 torpedo tubes.)
4- Barak II Point Defense Missile Arrays (a mini-VLS S2A anti-missile system, 32 missiles)
2- (Missile Stations)*
*--There are 2 'empty' integrated missile stations that can be used to launch box or rail-launched missiles of various sorts. These stations can be used for a variety of uses as the purchaser sees fit.

Unit Replacement Cost: $3,800,000,000 ($3.8bn)
---------

'Light'-type (Ehud Barak-Class) Trimaran Aircraft Carrier:
Crew: 3,100
Aircraft Elevators: 2
Cargo Elevators: 6, 12 by 25 feet (set at 3 locations)
Launch Lanes: 3, parallel, adjacent

Standard Aircraft Capacity:
30- Fixed-wing Aircraft
12- Rotary-wing Aircraft (medium size)^
15- UCAVs (Full-sized, approaching size of manned aircraft. Units are stowed until use, not all expected to return from all missions)
8- UAVs/UARs (Small craft, stored in compact boxes. For spotting and scouting, not all expected to return from all missions.)

Armaments:
-Mixed-use Offensive/Defensive Systems- 1- Ship-based MTHEL II system (WA advanced version, extended range, improved ID and tracking ability (based on Counter-battery radar, to assist in return fire from the fleet), and improved operating system)
4- Sea Sparrow integrated missile pods (32 missiles)
6- MDG-351 35mm "Millennium Gun" stations (advanced CIWS, mounted atop and within sections of the LASRB)
2- Mk.32 Integrated Triple-mount SVTT (surface vessel torpedo tubes, total of 6 torpedo tubes.)
4- Barak II Point Defense Missile Arrays (a mini-VLS S2A anti-missile system, 32 missiles)
2- (Missile Stations)*
*--There are 2 'empty' integrated missile stations that can be used to launch box or rail-launched missiles of various sorts. These stations can be used for a variety of uses as the purchaser sees fit.

Unit Replacement Cost: $2,800,000,000 ($2.8bn)
---------

’Superlight’-type (Archer-class) Trimaran Aircraft Carrier
Crew: 270
Aircraft Elevators: 1
Cargo Elevators: 3, 12 by 25 feet (set at 3 locations)
Launch Lanes: 2, parallel, adjacent

Standard Aircraft Capacity:
12- Fixed-wing (STOVL) Aircraft (F-35B JSF or AV-8B Harrier Jump-jet)
3- Rotary-wing Aircraft (medium size^)
6- UAVs/UARs (Small craft, stored in compact boxes. For spotting and scouting, not all expected to return from all missions.)

Armaments:
-Mixed-use Offensive/Defensive Systems- 1- Ship-based MTHEL II system (WA advanced version, extended range, improved ID and tracking ability (based on Counter-battery radar, to assist in return fire from the fleet), and improved operating system)
4- Sea Sparrow integrated missile pods (32 missiles)
2- MDG-351 35mm "Millennium Gun" stations (advanced CIWS, within sections of the LASRB, 1 for each side of the ship.)
2- Mk.32 Integrated Triple-mount SVTT (surface vessel torpedo tubes, total of 12 (6) torpedo tubes.)
2- Barak II Point Defense Missile Arrays (a mini-VLS S2A anti-missile system, 16 missiles)
Unit Replacement Cost: $975,000,000 ($975M)
---------
NOTES: Aircraft sold separately. ‘Standard Aircraft Capacity’ is a recording of the most common deployment by numbers and classifications, reflects a balanced multi-mission capable force. Actual deployment figures will vary significantly.

^- For rotary-wing/VTOL aircraft type classification information (and small and large craft general models), see the linked post:
http://www.nationstates.net/forum/viewtopic.php?p=1162726#1162726
--------------------------------------
--------------------------------------

Special Mission/Purpose Carriers

‘Modified Light’-type (Perdition Class) Trimaran Special VTOL Carrier :

The Perdition-class Carrier was specifically designed for the deployment of the massive Sentinel and/or Condor VTOL units (known as "Large VTOL Units" or LVUs. The importance of making the Sentinel VTOL assault craft deployable with Western Asia’s Marine Forces was made clear as the unit’s specific capabilities were made clear time and time again in foreign conflicts.

The exclusive use of Sentinel units by Western Asia’s stay-at-home army would have made the cost and development of the units impractical, so the IDF’s Naval and Marine Corps set to work on a plan to deploy the Sentinels as a part of the then-new ‘Devastator’ Naval Assault and Bombardment Squadrons.

A Rapid Product Development Program (RPDP) was launched to design and build the first of the Perdition-class vessels. The design requirements required months of work to re-design a 'Light'-type (Ehud Barak-Class) Carrier and to build in the facilities for the LVUs. Final modifications included the ‘melding’ of the two elevators into one large elevator for the LVUs and the replacement of the normal runway system with a system more adept at handling the complicated and expensive VTOL systems.

The crew was reduced significantly, since the smaller number of aircraft are almost completely identical in terms of parts and munitions, since the craft use smaller munitions, and since other portions of the ship duties no longer require so many crew members.

Each can launch 3 of this class of craft at a time (three can fit on deck while fulfilling all safety measures, four can be held and launched in certified emergency conditions). The ship can hold 9 LVUs units under deck (giving the ship a theoretical ‘push’ load of 12 units (for stealth and the sake of maintaining fuel and ammunition resources on extended missions, 9 craft is normally considered to be the ‘full load’ since it includes 3 platoons of the craft. Other aircraft aboard include 9 helicopters and about 10 UAVs. The reduction in crew facilities, equipment appropriations, and exclusion of other systems from the ‘light’-type carriers allowed for the reduction of costs. The extra space also allowed for the installment of an additional MTHEL II laser defense station and control suite.

For some missions where Condor LVUs are deployed, a 580 man Marine Battalion may be deployed along with some 130 battalion support personnel (a total of 710 Marine Corps personnel embarked), may be dispatched. Room is made for these soldiers in the extra space left by the absence of crew (vs. the normal ‘light’ carrier). These soldiers may also be deployed on Sentinel-only missions, where the ship serves as their transport to the theater of combat. A certain number of vehicles may also be stored aboard for the marine contingent, even a few platoons of main battle tanks (MBTs) when weight and space restrictions are taken into account (the presence of several platoons would mean that the number of marines aboard is decreased to allow room for supplies and the vehicles).

When the Condors are being used to deploy forces, the soldiers and vehicles are usually loaded into the craft while it is below decks and the craft is launched as soon as it is afforded a clear space on the launch deck. As many as two tank companies (about 24 tanks with crews and support vehicles) may be loaded and deployed from the ship, along with one or two marine infantry companies (~152 marines/company).

In terms of deployable watercraft, the Perdition-class carriers can launch several CRRCs (Combat Rubber Raiding Craft, up to 24 craft, stowed until use.) or even an operational detachment of Mark VSOCs (Special Operations Craft, 2 craft/detachment) via a "moon pool" and cranes towards the rear of the ship. The launch of larger RHIB craft is also possible, but is not common.

The Sentinel and Condor LVUs are sold separately. The ship is also equipped and capable of operating large VTOL units (ie, "dropships") and can be modified to operate any VTOL aircraft as large as or larger (with aircraft number reduction) than the Western Asian LVUs. STOVL fixed-wing aircraft can be landed on Perdition-class vessels, but the ships are not organized to be especially capable in launching and maintaining such aircraft.

Crew:
2,400 Ship’s Crew
(Condor/Assault Landing missions: up to 710 Marine Detachment embarked troops)

Aircraft Elevators: 1 (large)
Cargo Elevators: 6, 12 by 25 feet (set at 3 locations)

Standard Aircraft Capacity*:
9- Large VTOL Units (LVUs)
9- Rotary-wing Aircraft (medium size)^ (note: only 2 can be on-deck during LVU activities involving 3 LVUs)
10- UAVs/UARs (Small craft, stored in compact boxes. For spotting and scouting, not all expected to return from all missions.)

Armaments:
Mixed-use Offensive/Defensive Systems
2- Ship-based MTHEL II system (WA advanced version, extended range, improved ID and tracking ability (based on Counter-battery radar, to assist in return fire from the fleet), and improved operating system)
4 - Sea Sparrow integrated missile pods (32 missiles)
6- MDG-351 35mm "Millennium Gun" stations (advanced CIWS, mounted atop and within sections of the LASRB)
2 on light- Mk.32 Integrated Triple-mount SVTT (surface vessel torpedo tubes, total of 6 torpedo tubes.)
3 Barak II Point Defense Missile Arrays (a mini-VLS S2A anti-missile system, 24 missiles)

There are also 2 'empty' integrated missile stations that can be used to launch box or rail-launched missiles of various sorts. These stations can be used for a variety of uses as the purchaser sees fit.

Unit Replacement Cost: $2,000,000,000 ($2.0bn)

-------------------------------------


Sierra Hotel-Class Special Operations Command Ship, Type II (SOCSt2)

Based on a "wave-splitting" catamaran design, the SOCSt2 is an innovative and powerful weapons system designed specifically for the deployment to, command of, and retrieval of Special Operations Forces (SOF) in foreign territories. The first SOCSt2 vessel was recently re-christened the W.A.S. SIERRA HOTEL in honor of the elite SOF group of Sniper Country, making SOCSt2 vessels Sierra Hotel-class Amphibious Assault Vessels.

The SOCS vessels are designed for semi-autonomous operations with only a light protective force. The ship employs "stealthy" design features to allow operations near hostile shores with a low chance of detection (not a stealth ship, simply very stealthy with low radiative scan/detection returns...about as stealthy as the "Visby-class" ship). Radar panels are integrated into the "skin" of the SOCS-t2 and most weapons systems are stowed behind pop-up "radar shields" unless the ship is being actively engaged by hostile craft. Even when returning fire, the radar shields are only opened for long enough to allow the firing of the ship’s defensive weaponry—to limit exposure to enemy fire and signature emissions.

This platform can provide communications and coordination capabilities for about 96 Operators (12, 8-man or 8, 12-man teams, or a mix...more is possible in ‘rush’ cases) with gear. There is room aboard for over 200 coordination, command, and other support personnel (including the ship’s crew and weapons technicians--a total of 60 persons, with some 36 WTs). Satellite uplinks are made available via 3 high-bandwith satellite dishes and 2 low-bandwith dishes. Six (6) separate antenna arrays are built into the ship and allow secured, redundant communications pathways with deployed teams and friendly forces. Equipment for infrared laser (secure) communications between vessels is provided.

The design of the Sierra Hotel-class has been directed to minimizing the optical and infrared signature, above water acoustic and hydro-acoustic signature, underwater electrical potential and magnetic signature, pressure signature, radar cross section and actively emitted signals.

The hull material is a sandwich construction comprising a PVC core with a carbon fiber and vinyl laminate. The material provides high strength and rigidity, low weight, good shock resistance, low radar and magnetic signature.

The SOCSt2 also uses flat, phased-array radar panels to achieve superior radar capabilities without making itself 'visible' to enemy radars.

Radar and signature limiting features:
Shaping, i.e. flat hull sides inclined outwards and
flat superstructure and mast surfaces, arranged
into truncated pyramids.
Structure of sandwich-construction carbon fiber
reinforced plastic (CFRP) for good conductivity
and the necessary flatness, i.e. without the
"starved horse pattern" associated with steel and
aluminum plating on a supporting framework.
Concealed installation of weapons, sensors,
sonars, cranes, boats etc.
All external doors and hatches of "smart" design,
with conductive foaming.
Stealth adaptation and platform integration of all
above-deck equipment.
Use of flush-mounted, cavity-backed, miniature
and retractable antennas.
Use of frequency selective surfaces (FSS) for
covering some antennas.
Limited use of radar absorbent material (RAM).
Special attention is given to the design of external
details, e.g. air intakes/outlets, windows etc.


----

Crew: On an average deployment, the Sierra Hotel-class SOCSt2 has a total manning of about 360 individuals. The Ship can be operated easily by a "skeleton crew" of only 24 individuals (without major weapons system or aircraft operations).

Speed and Range: The SOCSt2 has a top sustainable speed of 45knots with a range of about 8,400nm at 30knots.

Sea Keeping Ability: Greater than 30knots with 4.5-5m seas and good maneuverability and operability at Sea State 6.

Propulsion:
4 x GIMC 3620 (each rated at 7500kW)
4 x GIMC 125 SIV

Dimensions:
Overall Length: 101m
Draft: 12-14ft
Immersed Hull: 88.7 meters
Molded Beam: 26.65 meters

Cost:
Approximately $460 Million/unit

Images:
NOTE: The HSV-X1, which the SOCS is based upon, is imaged in the following links.
A Basic HSV (http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/systems/ship/images/hsv-x1_020403-n-0780f-001.jpg). Exemplifies the HSV/SOCS line, the general basis for the SOCS (without many of the stealth features). Another view (http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/systems/ship/images/200210215a_hr.jpg).
A size comparison, to a fleet oiler (http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/systems/ship/images/hmas_jervis-bay_refuel.jpg).

----

Airwing*
Some 3 pairs of Pioneer UAVs, 2 Hunter UAVs, and 1 Extended Range Hunter UAV (all rail-launchable) are standard equipment on each SOCS-t2 vessel. "Firescout" VTUAVs are also included on some missions.

Manned aircraft include:
Up to 8 Medium-size helicopters (H-60 Blackhawk/Nighthawk/Pavehawk, MH-73 Night Owl (http://www.nationstates.net/forum/viewtopic.php?t=75982&highlight=), RAH-66 Comanche, or AH-1W/Z Super/UltraCobra), with 5 internally stowed during the launch of the others; OR
Up to 5 MH-92 Blackgull (Helibus), with 3-4 internally stowed during the launch of the others; OR
Up to 3 Large-size helicopters (Pave Low IV), with 2 internally stowed during the launch of the other craft (the presence of 3 such craft notably impacts other ship-board space availability); OR
Several smaller helicopters (Kiowa and/or Defender/"Little Bird").

These aircraft are lifted by an internal elevator to the launch deck level, where they are then taxied into a radar-shielded launch area through a pair of large doors. There are 3 launch zones for Medium-sized helicopters and all other aircraft must be cleared of the deck for launch when these spots are filled. Simple maintenance and refueling duties can be carried out at leisure on this deck, since enemy radar will not pick up the activity thanks to the radar baffles. STOVL aircraft (Such as Harriers and Marine JSFs) can land on the deck in an emergency but likely cannot rise again from the deck.


Land Vehicles*
The SOCSt2 is equipped with a wide range of medium and small manned vehicles for use by deployed teams.

These craft include (during standard deployments by WA):
14 Desert Raider 6x6 light scout/attack vehicles
30 armed ATVs and/or Combat-capable motorbikes

Negev LMGs are provided for each vehicle where LMGs on WA missions unless deniability is an issue, in which case foreign weapons are employed.

The largest vehicles approved for transport by the SOCSt2 are tracked APCs such as the Zelda II (M113 mod) and MTLV and wheeled vehicles such as the HMMWV and LAV-25/300/600. Yet it should be noted that these vehicles are limited for each deployment, with only a few APCs allowed on any deployment. There are also inherent limits as the vehicles would probably have to be deployed by H-53 series helicopters.


Small Watercraft*
Also normally "attached" to the SOCSt2 is a flotilla of:

6-24 Zodiacs (variable passenger capacities, link (http://www.bulletprooftour.com/tour_boats.asp)):
- Zodiac F-470 Combat Rubber Raiding/Reconnaissance Craft (CRRC) with Armorflate (inflatable armored pannels, ), AND/OR
- Zodiac Ribster Light Strike Craft (LSC), AND/OR
- 'Baseline' Zodiac F-470s.

A couple of larger vessels:
4, 36' RIB (Rigid-hull Inflatable Boat, for carrying up to 8 persons), OR
2, Mark V Special Operations Craft (5 crew, up to 16 passengers plus up to 4 CRRC, not counted previously).

The small watercraft are deployed from a pair of wenches attached to 20ton or 40ton cranes (also capable of bearing cargo or even the largest of aircraft borne by the SOCSt2) or by a retractable "slip-way."

*- These craft are what can be deployed, most are not included in the price of the vessel.

Armaments:
Mixed-use Offensive/Defensive Systems
1- Ship-based MTHEL II system (WA advanced version, extended range, improved ID and tracking ability (based on Counter-battery radar, to assist in return fire from the fleet), and improved operating system)
4- Sea Sparrow integrated missile pods (32 missiles)
4- MDG-351 35mm "Millennium Gun" MUWS stations (advanced CIWS, mounted atop and within sections of the LASRB)
4- "Eagle Eye" AD stations (Stinger or miniSAM-of-choice based, each station bears 2 standard canisters (4/canister for Stingers))
2- Mk.32 Integrated Triple-mount SVTT (surface vessel torpedo tubes, total of 6 torpedo tubes.)
6- MiniTyphoon RWS (remote weapons system) stations bearing 7.62 Negev LMGs
4- MiniTyphoon RWS stations with M2 .50 cal machine guns
2- Harpoon missile stations (8 missiles, can be "switched out" for ASM station of choice).
2- 2- Barak II Point Defense Missile Arrays (a mini-VLS S2A anti-missile system, 16 missiles)

Defensive Systems

Large Area Surface Radar Baffling (LASRB, the "Radar Shield," actually a part of the ship shell, which extends down to the water at an angle that is intended to deflect signals either up into the sky or down into the water.)
Large-spread EW/ECM station (Based on the AN/SLQ-32 Electronic Warfare (EW) system)
PCMS (Passive Counter Measures System. Uses Radar Absorbent Materials (RAM) and other specialized materials.)
Composite hull structure
MK-53 Nulka Decoy Launching System (DLS)
Machine Noise Reducing Measures (Torpedo Counter-Measures)
Prairie/Masker II Noise Masking System
Dragged Torpedo Decoys
Enclosed radar and antenna mast
Wide-Area Navalized "Shortstop" Electronic Protection System (WANSEPS) (a proximity fuse electronic countermeasure system that prematurely detonates artillery shells and other fuses at a safe distance from the target)


Most of these systems can be, and are, remotely or automatically operated. Sea Sparrow and other missile pods are integrated (hidden) in motile panels of the "radar shield," so when a missile is required to fire, the panel is simply dropped out of the way and the missile(s) are fired towards the targets. Also included in these panels are Active Phased Array/Multi-Function Radar (APAR/MFR) hidden in panels and countermeasures equipment.


Special Features:
Integrated Information System
Supports the transfer and integration of voice, video and data information between audio, video and computer systems. Key features will include common and standard operating systems, network functions, communication protocols, interfaces and message structure.

Fiber-Optic Backbone
Single, integrated, commercial and military standard compliant physical grid supporting communications between systems/equipment via fiber-optic cables and electric-to-optic conversion devices. Key feature is providing end-to-end connections using ruggedized commercial off-the-shelf components. The ship-wide fiber-optic data relay system is resistant to EMP attacks and the fiber-optic cables themselves will not carry or receive EMI-causing signals.

Zonal Electric Distribution System
Open system architecture DC electrical distribution with standard interfaces between components. Power conversion and conditioning are performed locally from a single ship-wide DC electrical power bus to provide each end user the type/quality of power required. DC power allows for solid state control, which achieves power continuity in case of a fault and provides for near-instantaneous recovery from power interruptions. In addition to the survivability benefits inherent in uninterrupted power, this system is anticipated to be easier to install, require less physical cabling and provide greater flexibility for ship upgrades than current electrical systems. Isolates the potential for problems and minimizes any effect on the rest of the ship.

Multifunctional Embedded Antennas
Reconfigurable, multiple apertures electronically combined to provide an antenna tunable across wide frequency bandwidth and sensitivity parameters. The apertures are embedded in composite materials integral to the ship structure and may include combined or separate transmit and receive modules. Reduction of the number of antenna systems for communications and radars provides potential to improve performance by avoiding antenna blockages, reducing the structure required to support antenna placement, life-cycle costs and maintenance manpower requirements.

Computerized and Automated Aircraft Diagnostics and Repair
Semi-automated refueling and servicing in a new configuration and deck location (versus other and older aircraft carriers) provides faster, more efficient airwing pit stops and requires fewer people. This helps reduce the maintenance time and allows for an increased sortie rate. Computerized scanners search for structural weakness in parts, allowing aircrews to replace only the damaged portions when necessary, cutting costs and reducing inventory demands.

Reconfigurable Living Spaces
Life-of-the-ship modular construction designs provide flexibility and reduce cost.

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Price includes 6 Zodiac F-470 CRRCs, 2 Zodiac F-470 CRRCs w/ ArmorFlate, and 1 Pioneer UAV for each SOCS vessel.

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Amphibious Assault/Helicopter Carriers

SBSV (Shore Bombardment Support Vessel) Trimaran Amphibious Assault Carrier:

Capacity (varies by mission):
-- 30 Helicopters or VTOL planes
-- 3 LCAC or HLCAC
-- 1,600 Fully outfitted Marines
-- 3 Merkava Tank Platoons (12 Merkavas)
-- 6 Achzarit APC platoons (24 Achzarits)
-- 8 HMMWV platoons (32 HMMWVs)

Launch Ability: 8 Craft at once (8 spots, two elevators to storage)

This is a A 'Light' Amphibious assault carrier (known as the SBSV, for Shore Bombardment Support Vessel) built along the guidelines of a LHD but reformed and designed to limit all detectable emissions (IR, Radar, Acoustic, and Visual). It bears the Trimaran design for speed and stability. Meant for very close-to-shore/littoral combat duties, in coordination with the SBV (Shore Bombardment Vessel), to support the landing and combat of Marines.

Capacity includes space and facilities for 16-28 Helicopters or VTOL planes with the ability to launch 8 helicopters at once (8 take-off/landing places and two aircraft elevators to storage). This also has space for 3 LCAC/HLCAC craft, with similar capacities to the LHD-1 Wasp-class of vessels.

Would have 2 aircraft elevators (and 5 cargo elevators). Uses virtual and telepresence technology to eliminate the large "island" on the deck of the carrier, as with the other designs, and to allow for better command and control of crew. Raised "radar shields" will prevent the activity on the ship's deck from reflecting radar signals towards receiver stations. Has 1 short ramped launch lane (for VSTOL and high-lift aircraft).

The stealthy features are very similar to those of the ‘Light’ Trimaran Carrier and the defensive weapons are about the same as on that carrier. The main difference is that there is only one complete runway on the SBSV for F-35 JSFs or Harriers with a second section cleared for helicopters but with the Radar Baffles at the ends). There is space for 2 LCACs or HLCACs (more commonly HLCACs in WA’s fleet, AAAVs or other such craft can also be used), along the guidelines of a Wasp-class LHD but, of course, bearing the Trimaran design for speed and stability. Meant for very close-to-shore/littoral combat duties, in coordination with the SBV (Shore Bombardment Vessel), to support the landing and combat operations of Marines. Has the capacity to transport several hundred marines with their equipment.

A 600-bed Hospital and 6 fully-equipped operating rooms are included, the largest and most complete medical facilities aside from a hospital ship, in addition to local battle wound dressing stations throughout the ships.

In a common deployment, they might each bear 25 aircraft:
8 MH-60S Nighthawk helicopters
2 UH-1Y Huey utility helicopters
3 MH-53E Sea Dragon heavy assault helicopters
6 AH-1Z UltraCobra attack helicopters
6 F-35B STOVL Joint Strike Fighters

Crew:
1,020 Ships Crew
1,600 Marine Detachment embarked troops

Unit Replacement Cost: $1,650,000,000 ($1.65bn)

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N.B. Unless otherwise mentioned, aircraft, watercraft, and ground vehicles are not included in the order of any carrier vessels.

If it is so desired, the vehicles (listed below) can be ordered (Prices and Specifications can be quoted upon request). The list is not comprehensive and we encourage you to examine and consider all WAAMA-represented vehicles, aircraft, and vessels.

Ground Vehicles:
- M1114 (up-armored) HMMWV
- Desert Raider 6x6 (light scout/attack vehicles, armed)
- MATV (Militarized ATVs, armed)
- Combat Scout Motorbike (CSM)

Aircraft
(Unmanned)
- Pioneer UAV
- Hunter UAV
- Extended Range (ER) Hunter UAV
- "Firescout" VTUAVs

(Manned)
- RAH-66B (Navalized) Comanche
- AH-1W SuperCobra
- AH-1Z UltraCobra (AKA "KingCobra," "Zulu," "ZuluCobra")
- MH-6J "Little Bird" (MELB)
- AH-6J "Little Bird" (MELB)
- OH-58D(R) Kiowa Warrior
- SH-60 LAMPS Seahawk
- UH-1Y Huey utility
- MH-60S Knighthawk
- MH-92B Blackgull (Helibus)
- MH-53E Sea Dragon
- MH-53J Pave Low III
- MH-53M Pave Low IV

Watercraft:
(Unmanned)
- Protector UNPV (Unmanned Naval Patrol Vessel)
- Manta/SeaGlider AUSV (Autonomous Underwater Strike Vessel)

(Manned)
- Zodiac Ribster Light Strike Craft (LSC):
- Zodiac F-470 Combat Rubber Raiding/Reconnaissance Craft (CRRC)
- Zodiac F-470 Combat Rubber Raiding/Reconnaissance Craft (CRRC) with Armorflate (inflatable armored panels)
- 36' (13m) Morena RHIB (Rigid Hull Inflatable Boat)
- Mark V Special Operations Craft (incl. 4 CRRC, stowed)
- LCAC
- HLCAC